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Imaging of anomalous components in unknown background
No full textInternational audienceWe introduce a qualitative method capable of imaging defects in an unknown complex environment using differential measurements. The main difficulty is that the back-ground medium is unknown and too complex to obtain a reliable estimate of the associated Green function. To overcome this difficulty our approach exploits two measurements of the farfield operators, one without defects and one with defects. The analysis of our method relies on the recently introduced Generalized Linear Sampling Methods (GLSM) and the link to the solutions of the interior transmission problems. We give numerical examples related to non destructive testing in concrete-like materials, illustrating the performance of our method
Completing SBGN-AF Networks by Logic-Based Hypothesis Finding
No full textInternational audienceThis study considers formal methods for finding unknown interactions of incomplete molecular networks using microarray profiles. In systems biology, a challenging problem lies in the growing scale and complexity of molecular networks. Along with high-throughput experimental tools, it is not straightforward to reconstruct huge and complicated networks using observed data by hand. Thus, we address the completion problem of our target networks represented by a standard markup language, called SBGN (in particular, Activity Flow). Our proposed method is based on logic-based hypothesis finding techniques; given an input SBGN network and its profile data, missing interactions can be logically generated as hypotheses by the proposed method. In this paper, we also show empirical results that demonstrate how the proposed method works with a real network involved in the glucose repression of S. cerevisiae
Ségrégation et incorporation des immigrés en France: Ampleur et intensité entre 1968 et 2007
No full textInternational audienceEn multipliant les approches méthodologiques, cet article brosse le paysage ségrégatif des immigrés en France de 1968 à 2007, grâce à l’utilisation inédite des données de six recensements. De 1968 à 2007, l’intensité de la ségrégation française a baissé au niveau de chaque origine nationale de migrants, mais a progressé pour les immigrés pris ensemble. La baisse par origine nationale vient des effets conjoints de la rétraction des quartiers très ségrégués et des quartiers d’entre-soi de natifs. Quant à la hausse de la ségrégation des immigrés pris ensemble, elle trouve sa source dans la recomposition de l’immigration – d’européenne à non européenne – au cours de ces quarante ans. L’étude montre aussi l’absence de quartiers peuplés d’une unique origine nationale. Enfin, la focalisation sur les « quartiers dont on parle » masque l’incorporation résidentielle de la très grande majorité des migrants, même non européens, contrariant ainsi les fréquentes représentations d’une immigration ghettoïsée
Analytic combinatorics of chord and hyperchord diagrams with crossings
No full textInternational audienceUsing methods from Analytic Combinatorics, we study the families of perfect matchings, partitions, chord diagrams, and hyperchord diagrams on a disk with a prescribed number of crossings. For each family, we express the generating function of the configurations with exactly crossings as a rational function of the generating function of crossing-free configurations. Using these expressions, we study the singular behavior of these generating functions and derive asymptotic results on the counting sequences of the configurations with precisely crossings. Limiting distributions and random generators are also studied
Experimental determination of a representative texture and insight into the range of significant neighboring grain interactions via orientation and misorientation statistics
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Three-dimensional elasticity based on quaternion-valued potentials
No full textInternational audienceOne of the most fruitful and elegant approach (known as Kolosov–Muskhelishvili formulas) for plane isotropic elastic problems is to use two complex-valued holomorphic potentials. In this paper, the algebra of real quaternions is used in order to propose in three dimensions, an extension of the classical Muskhelishvili formulas. The starting point is the classical harmonic potential representation due to Papkovich and Neuber. Alike the classical complex formulation, two monogenic functions very similar to holomorphic functions in 2D and conserving many of interesting properties, are used in this contribution. The completeness of the potential formulation is demonstrated rigorously. Moreover, body forces, residual stress and thermal strain are taken into account as a left side term. The obtained monogenic representation is compact and a straightforward calculation shows that classical complex representation for plane problems is embedded in the presented extended formulas. Finally the classical uniqueness problem of the Papkovich–Neuber solutions is overcome for polynomial solutions by fixing explicitly linear dependencies
Combinatorial Hopf algebraic description of the multiscale renormalization in quantum field theory
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T-cell therapy using a bank of EBV-specific cytotoxic T cells: lessons from a phase I/II feasibility and safety study.
No full textInternational audienceWe report herein the results we obtained and the limitations we experienced during the production and use of a bank of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed human cytotoxic T lymphocytes (EBV-CTLs). To assess the feasibility and toxicity of this strategy, we selected and stored, in liquid nitrogen, 4 billion EBV-CTLs from each of the 13 selected donors. Subsequently, in a multicenter phase I/II study, 11 patients with EBV-associated lymphoma resistant to conventional treatments received 1-3 doses of 5 million EBV-CTLs/kg with 1-3 and 0-4 compatibilities for human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-I and HLA-II, respectively. Except for one event of fever after injection, no immediate or delayed toxicity, no graft versus host disease, and no graft rejection attributable to CTL infusion were observed. Three patients presented complete remission and 1 partial remission after treatment. Considering the clinical options currently available, and the constrains associated with CTL preparation and implementation, we conclude that CTL banks should consist of a reasonably small number of cell lines with documented specificities. This objective could be more easily achieved if the few homozygous donors for the most frequent HLA alleles of the targeted population could be made available for such a project
Perspectives for neutron and gamma spectroscopy in high power laser driven experiments at ELI-NP
No full textInternational audienceThe measurement of energy spectra of neutrons and gamma rays emitted by nuclei, together with charge particles spectroscopy, are the main tools for understanding nuclear phenomena occurring also in high power laser driven experiments. However, the large number of particles emitted in a very short time, in particular the strong X-rays flash produced in laser-target interaction, impose adaptation of technique currently used in nuclear physics experiment at accelerator based facilities. These aspects are discussed (Section 1) in the context of proposed studies at high power laser system of ELI-NP. Preliminary results from two experiments performed at Titan (LLNL) and ELFIE (LULI) facilities using plastic scintillators for neutron detection (Section 2) and LaBr3 (Ce) scintillators for gamma detection (Section 3) are presented demonstrating the capabilities and the limitations of the employed methods. Possible improvements of these spectroscopic methods and their proposed implementation at ELI-NP will be discussed as well in the last section
Recent Ice Ages on Mars: The role of radiatively active clouds and cloud microphysics
No full textInternational audienceGlobal Climate Models (GCMs) have been successfully employed to explain the origin of many glacial deposits on Mars. However, the Latitude Dependent Mantle (LDM), a dust-ice mantling deposit that is thought to represent a recent "Ice Age", remains poorly explained by GCMs. We reexamine this question by considering the effect of radiatively active water-ice clouds (RACs) and cloud microphysics. We find that when obliquity is set to 35°, as often occurred in the past 2 million years, warming of the atmosphere and polar caps by clouds modifies the water cycle and leads to the formation of a several centimeter-thick ice mantle poleward of 30° in each hemisphere during winter. This mantle can be preserved over the summer if increased atmospheric dust content obscures the surface and provides dust nuclei to low-altitude clouds. We outline a scenario for its deposition and preservation that compares favorably with the characteristics of the LDM