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A review on plasma-assisted VLS synthesis of silicon nanowires and radial junction solar cells
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Assimilation of atmospheric methane products into the MACC-II system: from SCIAMACHY to TANSO and IASI
No full textInternational audienceThe Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate Interim Implementation (MACC-II) delayed-mode (DM) system has been producing an atmospheric methane (CH 4) analysis 6 months behind real time since June 2009. This analysis used to rely on the assimilation of the CH 4 product from the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroM-eter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) in-strument onboard Envisat. Recently the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD) CH 4 products from the In-frared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) and the SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research CH 4 prod-ucts from the Thermal And Near-infrared Sensor for carbon Observation (TANSO) were added to the DM system. With the loss of Envisat in April 2012, the DM system now has to rely on the assimilation of methane data from TANSO and IASI. This paper documents the impact of this change in the observing system on the methane tropospheric analysis. It is based on four experiments: one free run and three anal-yses from respectively the assimilation of SCIAMACHY, TANSO and a combination of TANSO and IASI CH 4 prod-ucts in the MACC-II system. The period between December 2010 and April 2012 is studied. The SCIAMACHY exper-iment globally underestimates the tropospheric methane by 35 part per billion (ppb) compared to the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) data and by 28 ppb compared the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) data, while the free run presents an underestimation of 5 ppb and 1 ppb against the same HIPPO and TCCON data, respec-tively. The assimilated TANSO product changed in October 2011 from version v.1 to version v.2.0. The analysis of ver-sion v.1 globally underestimates the tropospheric methane by 18 ppb compared to the HIPPO data and by 15 ppb compared to the TCCON data. In contrast, the analysis of version v.2.0 globally overestimates the column by 3 ppb. When the high density IASI data are added in the tropical region between 30 • N and 30 • S, their impact is mainly positive but more pronounced and effective when combined with version v.2.0 of the TANSO products. The resulting analysis globally un-derestimates the column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of methane (xCH 4) just under 1 ppb on average compared to the TCCON data, whereas in the tropics it overestimates xCH 4 by about 3 ppb. The random error is estimated to be less than 7 ppb when compared to TCCON data
Influence of interfacial adhesion on the mechanical response of magneto‑rheological elastomers at high strain
No full textInternational audiencemacroscopic behavior of the composite only after 80 % deformation in the case of the 30 % volume fraction Mre
Enumerating topological -configurations
No full textInternational audienceAn -configuration is a set of points and lines in the projective plane such that their point-line incidence graph is -regular. The configuration is geometric, topological, or combinatorial depending on whether lines are considered to be straight lines, pseudolines, or just combinatorial lines. We provide an algorithm for generating, for given and , all topological -configurations up to combinatorial isomorphism, without enumerating first all combinatorial -configurations. We apply this algorithm to confirm efficiently a former result on topological -configurations, from which we obtain a new geometric -configuration. Preliminary results on -configurations are also briefly reported
Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Formal Techniques for Distributed Objects, Components, and Systems: IFIP WG 6.1
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Investigation of longitudinal proton acceleration in exploded targets irradiated by intense short-pulse laser
No full textInternational audienceIt was recently shown that a promising way to accelerate protons in the forward direction to high energies is to use under-dense or near-critical density targets instead of solids. Simulations have revealed that the acceleration process depends on the density gradients of the plasma target. Indeed, under certain conditions, the most energetic protons are predicted to be accelerated by a collisionless shock mechanism that significantly increases their energy. We report here the results of a recent experiment dedicated to the study of longitudinal ion acceleration in partially exploded foils using a high intensity (similar to 5 x 10(18) W/cm(2)) picosecond laser pulse. We show that protons accelerated using targets having moderate front and rear plasma gradients (up to similar to 8 mu m gradient length) exhibit similar maximum proton energy and number compared to proton beams that are produced, in similar laser conditions, from solid targets, in the well-known target normal sheath acceleration regime. Particle-In-Cell simulations, performed in the same conditions as the experiment and consistent with the measurements, allow laying a path for further improvement of this acceleration scheme. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC
Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of metals from sulphuric acid solutions
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