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Modular SIMD arithmetic in Mathemagix
No full textModular integer arithmetic occurs in many algorithms for computer algebra, cryptography, and error correcting codes. Although recent microprocessors typically offer a wide range of highly optimized arithmetic functions, modular integer operations still require dedicated implementations. In this article, we survey existing algorithms for modular integer arithmetic, and present detailed vectorized counterparts. We also present several applications, such as fast modular Fourier transforms and multiplication of integer polynomials and matrices. The vectorized algorithms have been implemented in C++ inside the free computer algebra and analysis system Mathemagix. The performance of our implementation is illustrated by various benchmarks
Amorphous to Crystal Conversion as a Mechanism Governing the Structure of Luminescent YVO4:Eu Nanoparticles
No full textInternational audienceThe development of functional materials by taking advantage of the physical properties of nanoparticles needs an optimal control over their size and crystal quality. In this context, the synthesis of crystalline oxide nanoparticles in water at room temperature is a versatile and industrially appealing process but lacks control especially for "large" nanoparticles (>30 nm), which commonly consist of agglomerates of smaller crystalline primary grains. Improvement of these syntheses is hampered by the lack of knowledge on possible intermediate, noncrystalline stages, although their critical importance has already been outlined in crystallization processes. Here, we show that during the synthesis of luminescent Eu-doped YVO4 nanoparticles a transient amorphous network forms with a two-level structuration. These two prestructuration scales constrain topologically the nucleation of the nanometer-sized crystalline primary grains and their aggregation in nanoparticles, respectively. This template effect not only clarifies why the crystal size is found independent of the nucleation rate, in contradiction with the classical nucleation models, but also supports the possibility to control the final nanostructure with the amorphous phase
Structural properties of relaxed thin film germanium layers grown by low temperature RF-PECVD epitaxy on Si and Ge (100) substrates
No full textInternational audienceWe report on unusual low temperature (175 °C) heteroepitaxial growth of germanium thin films using a standard radio-frequency plasma process. Spectroscopic ellipsometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveal a perfect crystalline quality of epitaxial germanium layers on (100) c-Ge wafers. In addition direct germanium crystal growth is achieved on (100) c-Si, despite 4.2% lattice mismatch. Defects rising from Ge/Si interface are mostly located within the first tens of nanometers, and threading dislocation density (TDD) values as low as 106 cm−2 are obtained. Misfit stress is released fast: residual strain of −0.4% is calculated from Moiré pattern analysis. Moreover we demonstrate a striking feature of low temperature plasma epitaxy, namely the fact that crystalline quality improves with thickness without epitaxy breakdown, as shown by TEM and depth profiling of surface TDD
Two active states of the narrow-line gamma-ray-loud AGN GB 1310+487
No full textPreviously unremarkable, the extragalactic radio source GB 1310+487 showed a gamma-ray flare on 2009 November 18, reaching a daily flux of ~10^-6 photons/cm^2/s at energies E>100 MeV and becoming one of the brightest GeV sources for about two weeks. Its optical spectrum is not typical for a blazar, instead, it resembles those of narrow emission-line galaxies. We investigate changes of the object's radio-to-GeV spectral energy distribution (SED) during and after the prominent GeV flare with the aim to determine the nature of the object and constrain the origin of the variable high-energy emission. The data collected by the Fermi and AGILE satellites at gamma-ray energies, Swift at X-ray and ultraviolet, Kanata, NOT, and Keck telescopes at optical, OAGH and WISE at infrared, and IRAM 30m, OVRO 40m, Effelsberg 100m, RATAN-600, and VLBA at radio, are analysed together to trace the SED evolution on timescales of months. The gamma-ray/radio-loud narrow-line active galactic nucleus (AGN) is located at redshift z=0.638. It is shining through an unrelated foreground galaxy at z=0.500. The AGN light is likely amplified by a factor of a few because of gravitational lensing. The AGN SED shows a two-humped structure typical of blazars and gamma-ray-loud NLSy1 galaxies, with the high-energy (inverse-Compton) emission dominating by more than an order of magnitude over the low-energy (synchrotron) emission during gamma-ray flares. The difference between the two SED humps is smaller during the low-activity state. Fermi observations reveal a strong correlation between the gamma-ray flux and spectral index, with the hardest spectrum observed during the brightest gamma-ray state. If the gamma-ray flux is a mixture of synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) and external Compton (EC) emission, the observed GeV spectral variability may result from varying relative contributions of these two emission components
Effets thermoélectriques anisotropes dans les couches minces ferromagnétiques Py et YIG
No full textThis thesis is a study in the field of "Spin Caloritronics". This work focuses on the anisotropic magnetothermal transport in ferromagnetic thin film. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between thermal transport and the magnetization state of the ferromagnetic thin layer. We show the experiments we used to do both electrical and thermal transport measurements. We also present a set of theoretical tools (model, calculation and simulation) which allows a better understanding of the experimental results. The first goal is to define the magnetization state of the sample by the measuring both the magnetoresistance and Hall effect (planar and anomalous). These measurements allow finding all the parameters necessary to the description of the magnetization equilibrium state so that we accurately know the magnetization state of our ferromagnetic thin film. The second goal is to find the angular dependence of thermal transport and to compare it with the angular dependence of electrical transport. To do so, we replace the electric current by a heat current end then do transverse voltage measurements for different angles. The results show that the measured voltage with a heat current has the same behavior as the transverse voltage measured with an electric current.Cette thèse est une étude s'inscrivant dans le domaine de la "Spin Caloritronics". Nous avons étudié le transport thermique anisotrope dans les couches minces ferromagnétiques. Le but de cette étude est de déterminer les relations entre le transport thermique et les états d'aimantation de la couche mince ferromagnétique. Nous présentons tous les protocoles expérimentaux qui permettent de faire les mesures de transports électriques et thermiques. Nous présentons également les outils (le modèle, les calculs et la simulation numérique) nécessaires pour analyser finement les résultats de mesure. Le premier objectif est la caractérisation des états d'aimantations des échantillons en utilisant des mesures de magnétorésistance et des mesures d'effets Hall (planaire et anormal). Tous les paramètres permettant de décrire les états d'équilibres magnétiques sont alors déterminés. Nous pouvons ainsi connaître très précisément les états d'aimantation de la couche mince ferromagnétique. Le deuxième objectif est de déterminer la dépendance angulaire du transport thermique anisotrope et de la comparer à celle du transport électrique anisotrope. Pour cela nous remplaçons le courant électrique par un courant de chaleur et effectuons toutes les mesures de tension transverse. Les résultats obtenus montrent que la tension transverse du courant de chaleur a la même dépendance angulaire que la tension transverse obtenue avec un courant électrique
Metrics for Differential Privacy in Concurrent Systems
No full textPart 3: Security AnalysisInternational audienceOriginally proposed for privacy protection in the context of statistical databases, differential privacy is now widely adopted in various models of computation. In this paper we investigate techniques for proving differential privacy in the context of concurrent systems. Our motivation stems from the work of Tschantz et al., who proposed a verification method based on proving the existence of a stratified family between states, that can track the privacy leakage, ensuring that it does not exceed a given leakage budget. We improve this technique by investigating a state property which is more permissive and still implies differential privacy. We consider two pseudometrics on probabilistic automata: The first one is essentially a reformulation of the notion proposed by Tschantz et al. The second one is a more liberal variant, relaxing the relation between them by integrating the notion of amortisation, which results into a more parsimonious use of the privacy budget. We show that the metrical closeness of automata guarantees the preservation of differential privacy, which makes the two metrics suitable for verification. Moreover we show that process combinators are non-expansive in this pseudometric framework. We apply the pseudometric framework to reason about the degree of differential privacy of protocols by the example of the Dining Cryptographers Protocol with biased coins
A Predictive Differentially-Private Mechanism for Mobility Traces
No full textInternational audienceWith the increasing popularity of GPS-enabled hand-held devices, location-based applications and services have access to accurate and real-time location information, raising serious privacy concerns for their millions of users. Trying to address these issues, the notion of geo-indistinguishability was recently introduced, adapting the well-known concept of Differential Privacy to the area of location-based systems. A Laplace-based obfuscation mechanism satisfying this privacy notion works well in the case of a sporadic use; Under repeated use, however, independently applying noise leads to a quick loss of privacy due to the correlation between the location in the trace. In this paper we show that correlations in the trace can be in fact exploited in terms of a prediction function that tries to guess the new location based on the previously reported locations. The proposed mechanism tests the quality of the predicted location using a private test; in case of success the prediction is reported otherwise the location is sanitized with new noise. If there is considerable correlation in the input trace, the extra cost of the test is small compared to the savings in budget, leading to a more efficient mechanism. We evaluate the mechanism in the case of a user accessing a location-based service while moving around in a city. Using a simple prediction function and two budget spending stategies, optimizing either the utility or the budget consumption rate, we show that the predictive mechanim can offer substantial improvements over the independently applied noise
Posterior concentration rates for empirical Bayes procedures, with applications to Dirichlet Process mixtures. Supplementary material
No full textSupplementary material for "Posterior concentration rates for empirical Bayes procedures, with applications to Dirichlet Process mixtures"In this paper we provide general conditions to check on the model and the prior to derive posterior concentration rates for data-dependent priors (or empirical Bayes approaches). We aim at providing conditions that are close to the conditions provided in the seminal paper by \citet{ghosal:vdv:07}. We then apply the general theorem to two different settings: the estimation of a density using Dirichlet process mixtures of Gaussian random variables with base measure depending on some empirical quantities and the estimation of the intensity of a counting process under the Aalen model. A simulation study for inhomogeneous Poisson processes also illustrates our results. In the former case we also derive some results on the estimation of the mixing density and on the deconvolution problem. In the latter, we provide a general theorem on posterior concentration rates for counting processes with Aalen multiplicative intensity with priors not depending on the data. In this supplementary file, we present the Gibbs algorithm used in the numerical example
The generalized Hodge and Bloch conjectures are equivalent for general complete intersections, II
No full textWe prove an unconditional (but slightly weakened) version of the main result of our earlier paper with the same title, which was, starting from dimension , conditional to the Lefschetz standard conjecture. Let be a variety with trivial Chow groups, (i.e. the cycle class map to cohomology is injective on ). We prove that if the cohomology of a general very ample hypersurface in is ''parameterized by cycles of dimension '', then the Chow groups are trivial for
Prior history of Mistral and Tramontane winds modulates heavy precipitation events in southern France
No full textInternational audienceHeavy precipitation events (HPEs) are frequent in southern France in autumn. An HPE results from landward transport of low-level moisture from the Western Mediterranean: large potential instability is then released by local convergence and/or orography. In the upstream zone, the sea surface temperature (SST) undergoes significant variations at the submonthly time scale primarily driven by episodic highly energetic events of relatively cold outflows from the neighbouring mountain ranges (the Mistral and Tramontane winds). Here, we study the HPE of 22–23 September 1994 which is preceded by a strong SST cooling due to the Mistral and Tramontane winds. This case confirms that the location of the precipitation is modulated by the SST in the upstream zone. In fact, changes in latent and sensible heat fluxes due to SST changes induce pressure and stratification changes which affect the low-level dynamics. Using three companion regional climate simulations running from 1989 to 2009, this article statistically shows that anomalies in the HPEs significantly correlate with the SST anomalies in the Western Mediterranean, and hence with the prior history of Mistral and Tramontane winds. In such cases, the role of the ocean as an integrator of the effect of past wind events over one or several weeks does indeed have an impact on HPEs in southern France