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Assessing Iron Bioavailability in Biofortified Vegetables
No full textIron deficiency is a global problem for public health, even in countries with adequate food supply. According to the latest projections from the Global Burden of Disease Study in 2021, anemia affected more than 1.9 billion people worldwide (~ 24% global prevalence of anemia across all ages), with 1.3 billion cases attributed to dietary iron deficiency. Boosting dietary iron supply through functional iron-biofortified vegetables like spinach and bell pepper could be a healthy and sustainable option to improve people's iron status.
Field trials in the BMBF-funded project EiBiG (“Enhancing the health value of vegetables by increasing the bioavailable iron content”) showed iron levels of non-biofortified spinach of around (0.7±0.1) mg Fe/100 g (wet weight), averaging across nine distinct varieties. A single foliar fertilization with Fe(ll) bisglycinate of these spinach varieties with
0.3 kg (Fe)/ha 7 days before harvest resulted in an average 2.2-fold increase in the iron content of the leaves. The bioavailability of iron in vegetables is investigated using combined systems of in vitro digestion and model intestinal cells Caco-2, with the iron storage protein ferritin as a biomarker. In culture media-based model experiments undergoing a 24-hour incubation period, the bioavailability of Fe(ll) has been demonstrated to be approximately 2-fold greater than that of Fe(lll) sulfate at concentrations of 20 μM and 200 μM, respectively. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that oxalic acid reduces the bioavailability of Fe(ll) sulfate (20 μM) by (23±7)%
Einfluss der Reduktion von Sojaextraktionsschrot im Ferkelaufzuchtfutter auf Wachstums- und Leistungsparameter
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Utilizing 5G Resource Allocation Delay for TSN Synchronization Improvement over Asymmetric 5G Links
No full textTime Sensitive Networking (TSN) assumes a symmetric Ethernet link while synchronizing the network devices. If any Asymmetry is present in the Ethernet link, it is usually constant. Thus TSN Precision Time Protocol (PTP) which is used for the time synchronization makes use of the user defined asymmetry parameter. The synchronization process adds or subtracts this asymmetry in each synchronization cycle. On the other hand, wireless 5G links can have different uplink and downlink resource reservation mechanisms, resulting in difference in uplink and downlink delays which creates an asymmetric wireless link. 3GPP defines TSN Translators to compensate this difference in order to achieve sub 100μs synchronization accuracy. But currently no COTS 5G devices implement TSN Translator functionality. In this paper, we present a novel method to measure the link asymmetry at the MAC layer of the 5G Modem without requiring the TSN Translators or 5G SIB9 synchronization and utilize it to reduce the time synchronization error in TSN synchronization process for TSN-5G integration. We prove the effectiveness of our approach bymodeling and simulating it in OMNeT simulator using INET and Simu5G frameworks, resulting in the synchronization accuracy improvement from 2ms to 50μs
Der steigende Trend von pflanzlichen Milchalternativen - Wie kann die Calcium-Versorgung unter Berücksichtigung von Bioverfügbarkeit und Anreicherung bewertet werden?
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“Food Wastage” in the German Agricultural press : frequencies, trends, actors, and solution approaches
No full textFertility with cervical insemination and boar effects using hypothermic stored semen
No full textCold-storage of semen at 5 °C ± 1 °C provides a novel approach for counteracting antimicrobial resistance in artificial insemination (AI) of pigs. The first objective was to test the suitability of an AI boar population for cold semen storage. The second goal was to test cold semen storage in sow farms using the traditional cervical insemination (CAI) technique. For Experiment 1, semen from four repeated ejaculates of 20 AI boars was stored for 144h at 5 °C in AndroStar® Premium (APrem) and at 17 °C in Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS). Sperm kinematics and acrosome integrity were assessed to identify inter- and intra-boar variability in sperm quality traits. All 80 semen samples met the minimum requirements for use in AI after long-term storage. Two boars demonstrated lower motility in 5 °C semen doses compared to 17 °C (p 0.05). In conclusion, the hypothermic semen storage concept is applicable with CAI and the use of relatively low sperm numbers. The in vitro data suggest a broad suitability of AI boars for semen storage at 5 °C
Herausforderungen in der Versorgung außerklinischer Intensivpflegepatient*innen – eine Beobachtungsstudie zur Perspektive von Pflegepersonen
No full textExploring customer segmentation for food products with additional health benefits : A case study on iron-biofortified vegetables, functional foods, and dietary supplements
Get PDFIron deficiency is a widespread global health concern affecting women, in particular, but also individuals adhering to vegan or vegetarian diets, as well as athletes. Inadequate iron intake can lead to various diseases, necessitating an iron-rich diet or dietary supplements. In addition to existing iron-enriched functional foods and supplements, the potential emergence of iron-biofortified vegetables, high in vitamin C, could enhance iron absorption in the future. As these vegetables are not established in the German food market, identifying the target group before market launch is crucial. To address this, a quantitative online survey of 1000 German consumers was conducted, focusing on purchase and consumption motives such as sustainability, naturalness, fitness, fresh food, convenience, preventive medical care, and pleasure. The analysis revealed four health-oriented consumer clusters. The "holistically committed" cluster pursued a comprehensive health approach, including active self-care, medical precautions, and environmental considerations. The "fitness pragmatists" cluster, primarily composed of young consumers, prioritized external health aspects with a focus on physical appearance. The "simply provisioners” cluster viewed preventive health care as integral to medical attention, emphasizing the need for quick and easy health solutions. Despite initially appearing unrelated to health concerns, the "hedonist" cluster, valuing pleasure-driven food choices, regularly cooked and appreciated variety and naturalness, indirectly supporting a health-oriented lifestyle. The cluster analysis showed high purchase potential for biofortified foods among sustainability- and naturalness-focused innovators, as well as pleasure-oriented consumers. Their broad acceptance highlights the demand for healthy, minimally processed foods. However, biofortified foods compete with dietary supplements and functional foods, resulting in an individualized product mix among target groups