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Climate change mitigation aspects of increasing industrial wood assortments of hardwood species in Hungary
No full textThe use of timber can foster climate change mitigation through long-term carbon storage, and through
substitution of fossil products and fossil fuels. Inclusion of drought tolerant hardwood species in the
production of high-quality long-lived wood products gains an increasing importance with the ongoing
climate change. In our study we assessed the climate change mitigation potential of increasing industrial
wood assortments of hardwood species in Hungary. For the estimation we used the harvested wood
product module of the Forest Industry Carbon Model (FICM-HWP) which is based on the
methodological guidance of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The model
combines the IPCC wood product model and the IPCC waste model. Both models are used in the
Hungarian Greenhouse Gas Inventory as well. The FICM-HWP model is a substantially newly
developed version of the two IPCC models as it is supplemented with a waste-route selection and a
recycling module. It also contains a product and energy substitution tool to evaluate the magnitude of
avoided emissions through substitution effects. The model is able to estimate carbon storage of wood
products, end-of-life emissions and avoided emissions, thus, contributing to informed decision making
and circular economy goals. In this study we assumed increased industrial wood assortments from
hardwood species, increased product half-lives and upscaled recycling. This way we could estimate the
climate change mitigation aspects of a developed and intensified Hungarian wood industry which relies
on hardwood species and generates long-term carbon storage, at the same time enabling emission
reductions in other sectors through product substitution. According to our results increasing the
industrial processing of currently underutilized hardwood species can lead to a six times higher carbon
sequestration by 2050 as compared to the Business as Usual (BAU) level. While increasing product
lifetime and improving waste management together with increasing industrial hardwood assortments
leads to an eleven times higher carbon sequestration in the HWP pool as compared to the BAU level
Analysing innovative wood joints crafted by laser cut spline curves
No full textThis study investigates the shape of the longitudinal joints in hardwood panels, inspired from veneer
joints commonly used in the industry. The design of these joints is tailored to facilitate creative and
flexible compositions. The joints adopt a mathematical description using splines, serving a good
technological purpose for the wood processing. Employing laser cutting technology, the shapes are
precisely crafted by a laser beam on the hardwood panels. After the process, the joints undergo a visual
inspection, the material loss due to the technology is calculated, and other parameters are determined.
Additionally, significant characteristics relevant to practical applications, such as joint fit, shape of
accuracy, and aesthetics, are assessed. To enhance the understanding of the mechanical interactions,
finite element analysis (FEA) is performed to model the mechanical contacts within the joints. A primary
motivation for this research is the efficient utilization of residual wood materials. This approach aims to
extend the life of the available raw materials within the value chain, contributing to sustainability goals
Investigation of old hardwood structure element
No full textThis paper reports on the structural testing of the dismantled Kecske hill lookout tower. The wooden
structure stood in the Szárhalom forest, near Sopron, Hungary. It was erected in 1973, closed off in 2018
due to the failure of its structural elements, and finally demolished in 2021. Structural elements were
tested and evaluated after 45 to 48 years of service, using, among others, electron microscopy, dynamic
modulus of elasticity measurements, compression and bending tests. A literature review was conducted
on the structural details of lookout towers, on the characteristics and production technology of gluedlaminated wood, as well as the examined materials, including Norway spruce (Picea abies) and sessile
oak (Quercus petraea). Literature values of compression and bending strength were also determined to
compare them to our results. The analysis extended to describing the details of the new lookout tower,
including the footing and stair installations, which were the main failure locations in the old structure.
Based on the results, samples cut from the undamaged parts of the old structure had high residual
strength even after 45 years of service, but the structure as a whole was no longer safe, due to the failure
of certain elements
Preliminary study on climate change impacts on annual wood growth development in Hungary
No full textThe density of wood is closely related to its mechanical properties such as hardness, strength and
elasticity of wood. To estimate some of these properties, one only needs to analyse the growth rings and
related density data of wood. The density and growth rings have a close connection with climatic data.
Based on climate change scenarios, it could be possible to prepare estimates for wood properties during
the climate change period. For forestry climate simulation, the Forestry Aridity Index (FAI) was
developed which can be specially applied to Hungary for estimating changes in wood species habitats
under climate change scenarios. Several methods use statistical procedures to model past climatic data
using the genetic properties of the tree species and annual ring data. It is also possible to simulate annual
growth development based on climate data, but we do not know which wood properties will be affected
by climate change in Hungary. Furthermore, research is being conducted to find the answer to this
question
Combustion characteristics of Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.)
No full textThe majority of the timber of invasive wood species is used as fuel wood, as it is a forestry objective to
control their spread. Knowledge of the higher heating value and ash content are important parameters
for the use of wood for energy. In terms of these two parameters, the Russian olive does not lag behind
other invasive species. The ash content of its timber is very low, only 2.7%, while its higher heating
value is 19.2 MJ/kg. Its ash content is only a quarter of that of black locust, while there is no difference
between their higher heating values. The use of Russian olive for energetical purposes is advisable as
far as the properties examined are concerned, and it is in no respect inferior to other wood species
Change of chemical composition and FTIR spectra of Turkey oak and Pannonia poplar wood after acetylation
No full textIn this research, acetylation was applied under industrial conditions to improve the properties of Turkey
oak and Pannonia poplar wood. Both species are potential “climate winners” in Hungary, yet they are
currently underused due their low durability and poor dimensional stability. Acetylation modification
process may be a suitable method to improve their properties. In order to verify the effectiveness of the
process, comparative chemical analyses (cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, extractives, and ash,
buffering capacity and pH) of the untreated and acetylated heartwood and sapwood was carried out for
both species for the first time. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy was
also used to support the evaluation of the chemical analyses. The Weight Percent Gain was 11.54% for
poplar and 0.94% for Turkey oak, indicating poor treatment efficiency for the latter. The cellulose,
hemicellulose and lignin content changed significantly in poplar, having the highest change (+81%) by
acetylating the hemicelluloses. Only the alpha-cellulose content decreased significantly in Turkey oak,
presumably due to the degradation of the non-crystalline part of cellulose. Acetylation may improve the
resistance of Pannonia poplar against moisture, weather, decay and wood-boring insects, but the process
parameters need to be optimized in order to prevent degradation and discoloration in poplar. Turkey oak
was found to be less suitable for acetylation due to its low permeability and tendency to crack
Demographic influences on digital service perceptions and satisfaction at World Heritage Sites in Chinese coastal cities: An empirical analysis
No full textThis study investigates how digital transformation influences visitor satisfaction at 12 World Heritage Sites (WHS) across eight coastal provinces in Eastern and Southern China. Utilizing 402 valid survey responses, it explores the impact of demographic factors—education, age, and income—on visitors’ perceptions of digital services, particularly focusing on usability, quality, and overall experience. The findings reveal that younger, higher-income, and STEM-educated visitors express significantly higher satisfaction with digital services, while older, lower-income visitors report lower levels of engagement and satisfaction. This research highlights the need for tailored digital strategies that cater to diverse demographic groups, ensuring the balance between technological innovation and the preservation of cultural authenticity at heritage sites. The originality of this study lies in its focus on non-Western contexts, particularly China’s rapidly developing coastal regions, which have been largely overlooked in the global discourse on digital tourism. By applying established theoretical frameworks—such as the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Expectation-Confirmation Theory (ECT)—to a non-Western setting, this research fills a crucial gap in the literature. The insights provided offer actionable recommendations for heritage site managers to enhance visitor engagement, adapt digital services to demographic variations, and promote sustainable tourism development
A bükk és a bükkösök Magyarországon : Az MTA Erdészeti Tudományos Bizottságának tanulmánykötete IV.
No full textDynamic interactions among exchange rate, natural gas demand, production in manufacturing and battery industry export – evidence from Hungary
No full textIn the context of the current global economic transformation, the rapid rise of the electric vehicle industry has made the battery industry a new focus of competition among countries. Despite its relatively small economic and demographic size, Hungary has garnered significant academic interest by emerging as the world’s third-largest battery producer in 2021. The study employed a dynamic vector autoregressive (VAR) model to determine that fluctuations in the Hungarian exchange rate have a notable immediate influ-ence on exports in the battery business，which suggests that changes in exc-hange rates directly affect international competitiveness. The battery sector is experiencing a progressive increase in the influence of fluctuations in na-tural gas demand, particularly in terms of their impact on production costs and supply chains. The battery industry has had substantial advancements in technological innovation and production efficiency as a direct result of the expansion in manufacturing production. And Hungary’s total industrial development is significantly influenced by the long-term effects of export expansion in the battery industry.
JEL Codes: L62, E44, O14, C2
