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Carbon credit revenue assessment for four shelterbelt projects following EU CRCF protocols
No full textThe land use sector is a key area for climate mitigation efforts, as ecosystems’ carbon sequestration capacity provides opportunities not only for emission reduction but also for carbon removals and Carbon Farming. The EU Carbon Removal and Carbon Farming (CRCF) regulation offers new income opportunities for farmers and foresters on the voluntary carbon market. Establishing shelterbelt plantations is among the agroforestry activities recognized by the CRCF regulation. The carbon sequestered in the biomass and soil of these plantations can be traded on the voluntary carbon market created by the regulation. In our study, we projected up to 2054 the carbon sequestration potential of shelterbelt plantations planned at four locations in Hungary. Additionally, we quantified the associated greenhouse gas emissions generated during the establishment and maintenance of the plantations, following the protocols of the CRCF regulation. Based on these calculations, we determined the net carbon benefit eligible for accounting and the expected revenue from carbon credits. Our results indicate that the greenhouse gas emissions from machinery used during the establishment and maintenance of the plantations are negligible (only 0.5–0.7%) compared to the carbon sequestration achieved in the biomass and soil pools of the shelterbelts. Therefore, establishing shelterbelt plantations can be a profitable investment for foresters and agricultural producers across a relatively broad range of site conditions. Since the establishment of such plantations is financed by the Common Agricultural Policy, revenues from the voluntary carbon market regulated by the CRCF provide an additional source of income
A nyugdíjbiztonság fenntarthatóságának kihívásai
No full textA romló demográfiai helyzet jellemző az európai unió országaira, köztük hazánkra is. A nyugdíjrendszer jelenlegi működési elve, a felosztó-kirovó rendszer a mostani formában nehezen fenntartható és kérdéses a működésének jövője. A hosszútávú demográfiai folyamatok nemcsak az aktív korú népességre vannak hatással, hanem a majdani nyugdíjasokra is. A dolgozat első felében a nyugdíjrendszerek összehasonlításához szükséges modelleket, csoportosítási módszereket fogom bemutatni a kapcsolódó nemzetközi és hazai szakirodalom alapján, mely jó alapot biztosít a második rész az állami nyugdíjrendszerek fenntarthatóságának vizsgálatához. Végezetül pedig a nyugdíjbiztonság egy kiegészítő lehetőségét, az öngondoskodás lehetőségeit mutatom be. Annak érdekében, hogy a romló demográfiai folyamatokhoz alkalmazkodó gazdasága legyen Magyarországnak, komolyabb paradigmaváltásra van szükség a gazdasági környezet és a nyugdíjbiztonság fenntarthatósága szempontjából
The Downward Spiral. The Effect of Toxic Leadership on Social Phenomena in the Work Environment
No full textThe following literature review deals with the influence of toxic leadership on social phenomena in the work environment. The negative effects of toxic leadership on employees and the corresponding consequences have been known for a long time. This review focuses specifically on the impact of toxic leadership on the social phenomena of absenteeism, quiet quitting and
ghosting. This literature review examines whether toxic leadership in the work environment triggers the phenomena of absenteeism, quiet quitting and ghosting. All three social phenomena are characterised by a drop in employee commitment and the resulting reduction or deterioration in work performance. Based on existing literature, it can be concluded that toxic leadership leads to these behaviours being triggered. Particularly striking is the link between ghosting through toxic leadership in relation to employees who themselves exhibit toxic character traits. These employees are more prone to behaviours such as ghosting than employees without toxic character traits. The available literature shows that toxic leadership triggers the behaviours of absenteeism, quiet quitting and ghosting, especially if it is persistent. The resulting downward spiral implies that the phenomena reinforce each other
Dynamic fatigue tests of hardwoods
No full textStatic testing of the parameters of wood as a structural material has been practised for at least 100 years.
In the meantime, investigating repeated dynamic impacts and loads required significant improvements
in measurement techniques. These cyclic fatigue tests became widespread for assessing metals, rubber
and plastics, rather than wood.
This study aims to examine the dynamic strength characteristics of wood as an elastic material. This will
provide data for designing wooden structures exposed to dynamic loads, like wooden bridges, lookout
towers and possibly innovative machine parts. Based on the available literature, this appears to be an
extensive, little researched topic of investigation.
The goals of the research is to create Wöhler curves for hardwoods, which shows the fatigue limits of
wood as a function of the applied stresses. This involves performing cyclic tensile tests with maximum
loading levels of 60, 70, 80 and 90 % of the static tensile strength. At least three specimens are tested at
each load level for calculating the average fatigue limit.
Tests are currently underway. Completed tests yielded a fatigue curve for oak. Results show that oak
material resists fatigue testing well, even at high stress levels. It can withstand hundreds of thousands of
cycles at stress levels as high as 80 % of the static tensile strength
Possible alternative to creosote treated railway sleepers, Fürstenberg-System Sleeper (FSS)
No full textHigh-quality railway sleepers are capable of withstanding environmental impacts such as weather
conditions and the attack by wood destroying organisms, providing long service life. However, poorquality railway sleepers, due to their shorter lifespan, can lead to early failures and jeopardize safe
railway traffic. Creosote, applied to enhance durability, is harmful to the environment and human health.
Research worldwide seeks alternatives, emerging not only from new preservatives but also from
manufacturing technology. One possible solution is the application of Fürstenberg-System Sleeper®,
offering alternatives to currently used sleepers, from machining processes that promote drying, to new
wood preservatives, to species-specific impregnation processes
Thermal modification affects the dynamic vapor sorption of tree of heaven wood (Ailanthus altissima, Mill.)
No full textThe utilization of tree of heaven wood is hindered by its low durability and dimensional stability.
Although it has promising physical and mechanical properties similar to ash wood, it is considered as
an invasive wood species, and it is rarely the base of wood property improvement research. In this study,
heat treatment was carried out on this species at 180°C and 200°C to evaluate the sorption characteristics
using dynamic vapor sorption tests. This way, the wood-water relationships, the rate of sorption, the
reduction in moisture content could be analyzed and assumptions could be made on the change of
moisture-related properties
Climate Benefit Assessment of Doubling the Extent of Windbreak Plantations in Hungary
No full textAgroforestry systems are recognized as sustainable land use practices that foster environmental health and promote adaptive responses to global change. By harnessing the synergies between trees and agricultural activities, agroforestry systems provide multiple benefits, including soil conservation, biodiversity enhancement, and carbon sequestration. Windbreaks form integral elements of Hungarian agricultural landscapes, and the enhanced agroforestry subsidy framework might have a favorable impact on their expansion, underscoring the importance of evaluating their potential for carbon sequestration. In the present study, we assess the implications of doubling the
extent of windbreak plantations in Hungary by planting an additional 14,256 hectares of windbreaks. We evaluate the total carbon sequestration and the annual climate change mitigation potential of the new plantations up to 2050. For the modeling, we use the recently developed Windbreak module of the Forest Industry Carbon Model, which is a yield table-based model specific to Hungary and allows for the estimation of living biomass, dead organic matter, and soil carbon balance. We project that new windbreak plantations will sequester 913 kt C by 2050, representing an average annual climate change mitigation potential of 144 kt CO2 eq. Our findings reveal that doubling the extent of
windbreak plantations could achieve an extra 5% carbon sequestration in forested areas as compared to business-as-usual (BAU) conditions. We conclude that new windbreak plantations on agricultural field boundaries have substantial climate change mitigation potential, underscoring agroforestry’s contribution to agricultural resilience and achieving Hungary’s climate goals set for the land-use (LULUCF) sector
