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Economic Modelling of Forest Service Providers in Hungary
No full textThis study presents a financial modelling analysis of licenced forestry specialist services and forestry operation services based on skidding and forwarding. An enterprise needs to provide forestry specialist services on 1,500–2,500 ha and achieve 36,000–37,000 EUR turnover to finance the full-time employment of one person and to attain 10% profit on turnover. Forestry contractors that harvest wood by skidding with a farm tractor need to harvest 4,300–5,500 m3 annually and generate 120,000–130,000 EUR income per year, while an output of 7,700–10,100 m3 of harvested wood and 210,000–220,000 EUR of income is needed in forwarding
Industry 4.0 Technologies for Environmental Sustainability : A Book Review
No full textThe book Industry 4.0 Technologies for Environmental Sustainability by Adele Parmentola and Ilaria Tutore (Springer, 2023) analyses the ambiva-lent effects of digital technologies of the fourth industrial revolution on environmental sustainability. Based on a systematic literature review (SLR) and bibliometric analysis, the authors show that Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies such as IoT, big data, blockchain and additive manufacturing can contribute significantly to increased efficiency, resource conservation and transparency. At the same time, potential negative effects, such as high energy consumption or unintended environmental impacts, are addressed. The results are structured along macro, meso, supply chain and micro le-vels. A key contribution is the case study analysis on the role of blockchain in the context of environmental Sustainability Development Goals (SDGs). The work provides a differentiated, practical contribution to the scientific debate, highlights gaps in research and offers companies impetus for the sustainable use of digital technologies.JEL-codes: O32, Q01, Q55, M11, L86, Q5
New records of fossil bird bones from the Neogene in Hungary
No full textThis paper presents previously unreported fossil bird bones from the Hungarian Neogene. They derive from seven sites as follows: Beremend 26 and 38, Egyházasdengeleg, Hidas and Máriahalom. The Early Miocene is represented by four new fossils from Máriahalom, with taxa and numbers of specimens as follows: Pandion pannonicus [1], Gruidae gen. et sp. indet. [1], Passeriformes sp. indet. [2]. Two fossils derive from one Middle Miocene sites as follows: Hidas (Aves sp. indet.. Two fossils come from Late Miocene sites: Alsótelekes (Aves indet.) and Egyházasdengeleg (Aves sp. indet.). A further 17 fossil bird bones are reported from the Pliocene Beremend sites 26 and 38 and represent 10 taxa (Aquila, Palaeocryptonyx, Palaeortyx, Tetrao, Cuculus, Surnia, Corvus, Muscicapidae, Turdidae, 2 Passeriformes, and 2 Aves indet.). These fossils provide records of 10 new taxa to the Hungarian Neogene avifauna
A projektmenedzsment alapjai I.-II. (könyvismertetés)
No full text[Kálmán, B. G., & Malatyinszki, Sz. (2024). A projektmenedzsment alapjai I. Kodolányi János
Egyetem Gazdaságtudományi Kar. 103 oldal, ISBN 978-615-5075-78-0
https://real.mtak.hu/210987/1/MTMT-35084279_v.41.pdf]
[Kálmán B. G., & Malatyinszki, Sz. (2024). A projektmenedzsment alapjai II. Kodolányi János
Egyetem Gazdaságtudományi Kar, Székesfehérvár, 107 p. ISBN 978-615-5075-80-3
https://real.mtak.hu/210973/1/MTMT-35084294_v38.pdf
Három új fűfaj Magyarország flórájában: Paspalum dilatatum, Phalaris aquatica és Panicum schinzii
No full textIn this paper, we present the new occurrence of three grass species previously unknown in the flora of Hungary. Panicum schinzii Hack. is an annual species from South Africa, Paspalum dilatatum Poir. is a perennial species originating from South America, and Phalaris aquatica L. is also a perennial taxon native to the Mediterranean. The only well-developed individual of Panicum schinzii was found on a gravel reef of the Rába river in Western Hungary, while the two newly observed perennial grass species appeared in the Great Hungarian Plain: a single individual of Paspalum dilatatum was observed in a suburban environment on the southern edge of the town of Soltvadkert, while a small population of Phalaris aquatica occurs along a highway near Szeged. In this paper, we describe the European distribution and habitat preference of these three species, we assess their invasion potential and we fit them into the Hungarian dichotomous key of vascular plants. Although we cannot state with certainty that the specimens of Panicum schinzii, Paspalum dilatatum and Phalaris aquatica we report here are the first ones that have ever appeared in Hungary, but their localities and the numbers of individuals suggest that they have entered the country very recently. The annual Panicum schinzii certainly arrived to Hungary naturally by the river Rába, while the perennial Paspalum dilatatum and Phalaris aquatica are more likely to have been introduced by human activities, but both inadvertently. Paspalum dilatatum arrived to its site near Soltvadkert by accident, in the form of propagules in some intentionally sown seed mixture. The fact that all three species are considered in some countries to be invasive or at least problematic species is a cause for concern
Vegetation Dynamics and Climate Variability in Conflict Zones: A Case Study of Sortony Internally Displaced Camp, Darfur, Sudan
No full textUnderstanding vegetation dynamics and climate variability in the vicinity of Internally Displaced Person (IDP) camps is critical due to the high dependency of displaced populations on local natural resources. This study investigates vegetation cover changes and long-term climate variability around the Sortony IDP camp in Darfur, Sudan, using satellite and climate data spanning 1980 to 2024. High-resolution imagery from PlanetScope and Sentinel–2 Level 2A was used to assess vegetation cover changes from 2015 to 2024, while precipitation, temperature, and drought trends were analyzed over 44 years (1980–2024). Vegetation changes were quantified using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and drought conditions were assessed through the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) at 6-, 9-, and 12-month timescales. Future precipitation predictions were modeled using the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. The results revealed a substantial increase in vegetative cover: the dense vegetation class increased by 3.50%, moderate vegetation by 17.33%, and low vegetation by 30.22%. In contrast, sparse and non-vegetated areas declined by 4.55% and 46.51%, respectively. The SPEI analysis indicated a marked reduction in drought frequency and severity after 2015, following a period of prolonged drought from 2000 to 2014. Forecasts suggest continued increases in rainfall through 2034, which may further support vegetation regrowth. These findings underscore the complex interplay between climatic factors and human activity in conflict-affected landscapes. The observed vegetation recovery highlights the region’s potential for ecological resilience, reinforcing the urgent need for sustainable land-use planning and climate-adaptive management strategies in humanitarian and post-conflict settings such as Darfur
Fine-scale interventions can reinforce the forest character of the understory vegetation – The effects of different artificial gaps in an oak-dominated forest
No full textForest biodiversity is threatened by the use of conventional rotation forestry system, while fine-scale interventions of continuous cover forestry, such as gap-cutting, could protect forest habitats and enhance the stand structural heterogeneity. Consequently, their use could maintain biodiversity during the timber production process. It is unclear which gap sizes and shapes can trigger ample natural regeneration while simultaneously maintaining or improving the near-natural character of the understory. The Pilis Gap Experiment examined the five-year effects of four gap types comparing two gap sizes (150 and 300 m2) and two gap shapes (circular and elongated) on the light and soil moisture conditions and understory vegetation in an oak–hornbeam forest. The investigated understory variables included species richness, total cover, height, shrub cover and cover of five functional groups. Our results indicate an initially increased light in all gap types, but later it decreased in large circular gaps, while remaining more stable in other gap types. Soil moisture increased first, transiently in the circular gaps, and later in the elongated gaps. Species richness temporarily increased in large circular gaps, whereas total cover increased in all gap types. Understory height and shrub cover also increased in large circular gaps. Annual and perennial forb cover remained unchanged in all gap types, although graminoid cover showed transient growth in large elongated gaps. Small gaps had the highest cover of woody seedlings, whereas bramble (Rubus fruticosus agg.) cover increased the most in large circular gaps. Species composition exhibited the most significant changes in large circular gaps. From a conservation aspect, all gap types can be considered favorable, as they increase the heterogeneity of the openness and understory vegetation in homogeneous closed stands. Vegetation changes are the most prominent in large circular gaps w spread of bramble here multiple vegetation layers developed. However, the dense cover of bramble and shrubs hinders the effective regeneration of sessile oak (Quercus petraea). Smaller gaps slightly increase the heterogeneity of the forest understory and provide ample light and soil moisture to initiate regeneration. In larger gaps, oak regeneration may be supported by applying an elongated shape, mitigating the competition from bramble