Journal of Humanity
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INTERNATIONALISATION OF BENIN ART WORKS
No full textThe artworks of Benin are all about events and achievements, actual or mythical that occurred in the past. These art works was grounded on traditional values and religious beliefs, which also displayed iconographic affinities. Until 15th century A.D, Benin art items were not known outside the ancient Benin kingdom and commanded very little monetary and aesthetic values.The internationalisation of Benin artworks first occurred by accident, because the Europeans that made it possible, were not aware of the art items before coming to the continent. The coming of the Portuguese in 1472 was the first of such event then the Benin artworks were used as exchange for Portuguese goods. The second was the looting of Benin art items, by the British soldiers, in 1897, in what was tagged Benin Punitive Expedition.Other aspects of internationalisation include the display of Benin art items at various museums across the world Benin artworks uploaded in the internet and artefacts on display at various private museums.The aim of this research is to find out why, when and how the Benin artworks became internationalised. This paper also looks at the extent, impact and significances of internationalisation of Benin artworks
THE FULFILLMENT OF THE RIGHTS OF SUSPECTS AND THE ACCUSED IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE PROCESS
No full textThis research aims to know the fulfillment of the rights of the suspect and the defendant the process of criminal justice in the city of Makassar and obstacles faced in giving the law enforcement apparatus fulfillment for the suspect and the accused as the fulfillment of human rights for suspects in Makassar city. Implementation of the fulfillment of the rights of suspects and defendants have done well, especially in terms of rights provides information, right to obtain health services, and the right to get visits. But there are some rights that is still less than optimal due to several obstacles, i.e. the right to legal assistance and the right to conduct worship for suspects and defendants. Constraints faced by the authorities in terms of the fulfillment of the rights of suspects and accused persons referred to in the conclusions of the first is in terms of the fulfillment of the right to legal assistance, the refusal by a suspect, fearing it will cost you, the lack of number of Advocates in Makassar city, led to the granting of legal aid less than optimal, and the lack of Government attention to the legal counselling activities in the home country's Arrest Class I Makassar. In terms of the fulfillment of the right to conduct worship services, the lack of human resources available either at Police Resort Cities of Makassar and in State Custody Homes Class Makassar that HE was able to furnish the activities become acts of worship in terms of ustadz and clergy unable to attend religious worship activities to fill. And there are a number of suspects and accused persons who do not want to communicate by the apparatus, so it makes the apparatus difficulty experienced in conducting worship rights for the fulfilment of the suspect and the accused
THE SYSTEM OF SANCTIONS FOR THE CHILD AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION (Study of child protection in the perspective)
No full text The judiciary and Criminal child who in fact is for the protection and welfare of children as part of social welfare, wants sanctions preferred action instead of criminal sanctions. In other words, criminal sanctions would only be used as a last effort (the last resort). But in fact, these types of criminal sanctions, in particular imprisonment sanctions are still used as a sanction "Prima Donna", both in the formulation of the Act No. 3 of 1997 Concerning juvenile court, as well as in its application by judges in juvenile court. Therefore it needed amending System sanctions set in the Juvenile Court Act
THE MECHANISM OF SETTLEMENT OF GROSS VIOLANCE OF HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES BY THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT
No full textAlthough there were differences in the mechanism of enforcement against Human Rights violations or Human Rights crimes among national law (Law Court of Human Rights) and international law (Statute of Rome 1998) between the two jurisdictions, however, have a relationship. Jurisdiction in the Statute of Rome was said to be only as a complement to the jurisdiction of the national law. When there are indications of "unwilling and unable" to national jurisdiction in processing the cases of Human Rights violations which are also regulated in the Statute of Rome, then this is the reason the Roman Statute of the jurisdiction can apply. In addition, previous State should ratify the Statute of Rome became part of national law.
ANALYSIS OF DISPUTES JURIDICAL POLICE INVESTIGATORS AUTHORITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA THE ANTI CORRUPTION COMMISSION ON CRIME CORRUPTION LICENSE DRIVING SIMULATOR
No full textCriminal acts of corruption in Indonesia is widespread within the community. Its development continued to increase from year to year, the number of cases from both and the amount of the financial loss to the State, as well as in terms of the quality of the criminal acts carried out increasingly systematic in scope as well as entering all aspects of people's lives. The increased criminal acts of corruption which cannot be controlled would bring disaster not only to the life of the national economy but also, on the life of nation and State in General. Criminal acts of corruption were widespread and systematic as well a breach of the rights to social and economic rights of the community, and therefore all the criminal acts of corruption can no longer be classed as ordinary crimes, but rather has become an extraordinary crime. So in an effort can no longer be done on a regular, but prosecuted ways extraordinary
THE EMERGENCE OF EARLY KINDOMS IN SOUTH SULAWESI: A Preliminary Remark on Governmental Contracts from the Thirteenth to the Fifteenth Century
No full textPactum subjectionis or governmental contract is a covenant or compact between the ruler and the ruled envisaging their mutual rights and responsibilities [Abidin 1971:159; Harvey 1974:18; Riekerk quoting Catlin 1969:12]. Among the early states discussed by various scholars, e.g., Claesen and Skalnik (1978), Geertz (1979), Selo Soemardjan (1978), Coedes (1967), Hall and Whitmore (Aeusrivongse 1979), Reid and Castles (Macknight 1975), none subscribed to the practice of governmental contracts, except Bone in South Sulawesi. Despite its uniqueness, to my knowledge nothing has been written on the pactum subjectionis of early kingdoms on South Sulawesi, nor has any research been undertaken on this subject. This paper discusses the formation of main kingdoms in South Sulawesi and especially the governmental contract in the so-called Cappagalae (he big three–Luwu’, Bone and Gowa); two members of Tellumpoccoe (the three allied kingdoms in 1592), that is, Wajo’ and Soppeng; and a petty kingdom already known in the I La Galigo Epic Cycle, Cina, later called Pammana. Examples of such govermental contract are found at the beginning sections of historical chronicles (Lontara’ attoriolong). Usually the very first parts of the chronicles contain a political myth which explains the origin of a dynasty as founded by a king or queen descending from heaven. Thus prior to the emergence of kingdoms in South Sulawesi, the first king called To Manurung (lit. He who came from the sky) had to make a contract with the representatives of the people called Ulu Anang or Matoa (Bugis)orKasuwiang(Makassar)
RENEGOTIATION MINING CONTRACT: LEGAL PARADIGM RECONSTRUCTION EFFORTS
No full textRenegotiation contract mining is not a priori notion that was born but is driven by the fact that empirical Work Contract (KK) and coal mining concessions of the Works Agreement (Cca) that are valid for this resulted in profits which are not comparable between countries with investors (domestic and foreign). In addition, Law No. 4 of 2009 about Mineral and Coal Mining (minerba) through article 169 have been injected that though the mining contracts during the validity of this, still respected until the end, however, if the implementation of these contracts give rise to distortions for the national interest, then the Government must encourage the investors to do Renegotiation against existing contracts to comply with legislation minerba forever within a period of one year since the enactment of the legislation this minerba. Renegotiation mining contracts that have been approved on the fact of the matter is simply an attempt to reconstruct the ruling paradigm, so with that paradigm shift, both parties can reach the intersection for the benefit of both parties, i.e. the parties proportionately Indonesia suffered no losses on the one hand, and the benefit of the domestic and foreign investors remain in reasonable limits on the other.
MALADMINISTRATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PUBLIC SERVICE
No full textBasically every human being needs a service, even in the extreme can be said that the Ministry cannot be separated with human life. Basically every human being needs a service, even in the extreme can be said that the Ministry cannot be separated with human life Based on the purpose of organizing the public service, it can be concluded that basically the purpose of the public service, the community is satisfactory, and the satisfaction, to achieve the required quality of service excellence public services is still less give satisfaction in the community, even the often very disappointing, so sometimes the fact happens to crappy service maladministration from the implementing authoritie
THE APPLICATION OF ACTIVITY BASED COSTING ARE: ELIMINATION IN THE CALCULATION OF COST OF PRODUCTION PT SEMEN TONASA (PERSERO), PANGKEP REGENCY
No full textEconomic conditions should be viewed as the catalyst for developing the ability to intelligently manage resources so that the people of Indonesia can be out of the condition. Effective management and efficiency is reflected in good planning and good planning requires good information. In order to plan well the utilization of company resources to fold the duplicate spiders, company management requires system information revealed by clearly and precisely the facts relating to the activity. PT Semen Tonasa is a fabrication company doing business in the field of cement industry and produces two types of cement, cement or Portland cement type 1 can (OPC) and Portland cement (PPC) Pazzolan. The benefits that can be gained if the company implemented the system of Activity-Based Costing are: elimination is obtained more accurate information, among others, to improve the quality of decision making. In the ABC product only burdened costs of resources and activities that are used and does not burdened by the cost of the resources and activities. This method causes the cost per unit of a more stable and consistent with the purposes of the imposition of costs to the product result in activity
MODERN EDUCATION AND GLOBALIZATION THE INNOVATIVE COMPETENT-FOCUSED TECHNOLOGIES
No full textThe article is devoted to modern problems of the world development in education. One of the key elements of the national innovative education system – the competent-focused educational technologies – with reference to Samara Institute of the Russian State University of Trade and Economics is given special attention