Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea
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Riparian vegetation in production forest at Cemoro-Modang river, Cepu, Central Java
Full text linkProduction forest management is aimed at achieving not only economic benefit, but also environmental and social benefit. Riparian vegetation supports the improvement of environmental protection functions in the production forests. Riparian vegetation offers a number of environmental benefits related to water quality, streambank stabilization, and habitat. The study aims to study the potency of riparian vegetation (i.e. species composition, diversity, and similarity of species composition) in Cemoro and Modang river. This research was conducted in the forest for special purposes of Cemoro-Modang, Blora Regency, Central Java Province at BKPH Pasarsore and BKPH Cabak, KPH Cepu, Perum Perhutani Unit I. The inventory of riparian vegetation was conducted by making transects along the river sides combined with sample plots sized 20 mx20 m for trees, 10 mx10 m for poles, 5 mx5 m for saplings, 2 mx2 m for seedlings and 1 mx1 m for understory. The data collected were analyzed by vegetation analysis: Importance Value Index (IVI), species diversity, and similarity index. The result of the study showed that there are 114 species in the riparian zone of Cemoro[1]Modang river. There are 6, 2, 20, 16, and 85 species of vegetation for trees, poles, saplings, seedlings and understory vegetation, respectively. Riparian vegetation was dominated by Tectona grandis. Species diversity index for trees and poles were low, saplings and seedlings were moderate and understory was high. Similarity index between Cemoro and Modang river was low (i.e. 40.4%)
Molasses Injection to Improve Growth and Vitality of Kesambi (Schleicera oleosa Merr) as Lac Insect Host Plant
Full text linkLac is a non-timber forest product derived from the secretion of Laccifer lacca insects that are cultivated in kesambi tree (Schleicera oleosa Merr). Low lac production in Indonesia due to poor conditions of host plant indicated by poor growth symptoms, yellowing, and falling leaves. The aim of this research was to study the effect of molasses injection on the growth and vitality of kesambi tree. Molasses were injected into the plant using passive liquid injection methods. Pre-research activities were carried out by the tree trunk injection in 0.5, 1.5, and 2 meters above the ground using gentian violet to determine the best stem injection position, while the main research activity was performed by injection of the kesambi tree trunk using molasses in concentrations of 5, 10, 15% and water as control. The parameters measured at the pre-study was translocation length of gentian violet whereas at the main research were the volume uptake, the increase of branch diameter growth, total sugar content and chlorophyll content. Pre-research results showed that 1.5 meters above the ground is the best injection position. The main research results indicated that the highest volume uptake was water followed by others treatments. Molasses injection at concentration of 10% gives better effect on the increase of branch diameter growth (4.3 mm), obtained sugar content in 18.46%. The vitality of kesambi tree also increased by the molasses injection at concentration of 10%. It was shown by thein creased of chlorophyll a (1.117 mg/g), b (0.416), carotene (0.365), and Anthocyanin (0.094 mg/100g)
The Changes of Viability, Vigor, and Biochemical Content of Trema (Trema orientalis Linn. Blume) Seeds during Storage
Full text linkThe seed of trema (Trema orientalis Linn. Blume) is categorized as physiologically intermediate which decline faster during storage compared to orthodox seeds, resulting in the changes of its viability, vigor and biochemical contents.The study was objected to determine the changes of viability, vigor and biochemical contents of trema seeds during storage. The seeds were collected from Badung - Bali province. Seeds testing were carried out in a laboratory and glasshouse of Forest Tree Seed Technology Research & Development Centre. Biochemical analysis was implemented in Soil and Plant Laboratory, Seameo[1]Biotrop. A Completely Randomized Design was employed in this trial with a treatment of storage periods (0.1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 months). The parameters were germination capacity, germination speed, moisture content and biochemical content including carbohydrate, protein and fat. The results revealed that all the parameters were significantly affected by storage periods. After six months periods of trema seeds storage, it would caused the decrease of moisture content (6.2%), germination capacity (61%), germination speed (2.5%/etmal), carbohydrate (19.2%) and protein contents (1.8%). However, the content of fat was increased significantly (10.2%)
Ecological Characteristic and Health of Mangrove Forest at Tanakeke Island South Sulawesi
Full text linkMangrove forest at Tanakeke Island has important roles both for ecology and economy. High pressure on mangrove caused mangrove degradation in the island. Knowledge of ecological conditions and health of mangrove forest are essential for mangrove ecosystem management at the island. The study aims to determine ecological characteristics and health status of mangrove forest at Tanakeke Island, Takalar District, South Sulawesi. This study employed quantitative methods using field survey with observations using plots of 10 m x 10 m. Observation plots were located evenly all over the island. Results showed mangrove forests at Tanakeke Island consist of 11 species belong to 8 families. Shannon-Wiener diversity index reached 2.01, 1.88, and 1.18 for tree, sapling, and seedling, respectively. Importance Value Index reached 115.31, 172.11, and 108.89 for tree, sapling, and seedling, respectively, and dominated by Rhizophora stylosa at all growth levels. Structure of mangrove forest stands resembles the letter "J" inverted, which means the structure of forest stands were quite normal as a result of the good process of plant regeneration. The density reached 706 ind/ha, 4,824 ind/ha, and 23,382 ind/ha for tree, sapling, and seedling, respectively. In general, mangrove forest health levels at Tanakeke Island were categorized in low to moderate levels
The Impact of Leaf-Eating Caterpillars (Heortia vitessoides) Infestation on Agar Trees in Carita Forest Research Station, Province of Banten
Full text linkThe gregarious caterpillars of Heortia vitessoides Moore is a major defoliator of agar trees. The pest seriously threatens the existing agar tree plantation that has been widely cultivated in the community. Pest attacks began to occur in Indonesia since 2005, resulting in the damage and death of agar tree plants in various regions.To determine the impact of pest attack, a study was conducted through periodic monitoring at agar plantation in Carita Forest Research Station (CFRS), Banten Province, from April 2012 to March 2015. Monitoring was conducted in three plots of agar plantations. Each plot consists of six permanent subplots and in each subplot 15 samples of agar tree were randomly choosen. Data were collected and analyzed on monthly basis according to the intensity of defoliation and the mortality of agar trees. Defoliation intensity was determined by the percentage number of trees suffering defoliation in four damage categories, i.e.: light (10-25%), moderate (25-50%), heavy (50-75%), and severe (75-100%). Tree mortality was calculated as the annual percentage of dead trees. The study showed that the defoliation occurred throughout the year in varying degrees of damage. The monthly percentage of defoliated trees is about 30-70% annualy. The high percentage of tree defoliation mainly occurs during dry and early rainy season (June-December). Higher percentage of heavy and severe defoliations were found mostly at seedling. Repeated heavy defoliation causes stunted growth and tree mortality. Early monitoring and control of pests are very important to be done regularly to prevent the damage wider and heavier
Community Preference on Scenario Management of Baturraden Botanical Garden in Central Java
Full text linkBotanical garden as a preservation area has an important role supporting the plant conservation efforts. It is the best source of information to study about plant distribution and its habitat attributes. Botanical garden can also provide environmental education for the community. Indonesia has a big number of botanical gardens, one of them is Baturraden Botanical Garden, located in Central Java. It is the largest botanical garden in Java Island with its area reaches 143.5 hectares. Currently, Baturraden Botanical Garden management has a serious problem about the high dependence of community in its area. Therefore, it is important to formulate the scenario management that can integrate between the community desires and its direction management. This study aimed to identify the community preference on scenario management of Baturraden Botanical Garden. Data collection was conducted by the questionnaire method using accidental sampling technique. The number of respondents was about 109 people older than 15 years old. This criterion was decided with the assumption that the respondent who had the range of age, having good knowledge about the function of Baturraden Botanical Garden as preservation area. Data analysis was done using Analytical Hirarycal Process. This method was selected because it was capable to describe the normative preference by the number. The result showed that the community preference on scenario management of Baturraden Botanical Garden based on the scale of priority is ecotourism development (0.269); optimization of water resource (0.232); intensification of plant conservation (0.197); environmental education (0.189); and intensive research (0.175)
Induction of Agarwood in Aquilaria malaccensis Using Nitrogen Fertilizer and Fusarium solani)
Full text linkAquilaria malaccensis is agarwood producing species in Indonesia. Agarwood compounds are formed as a chemical response of Aquliaria malaccensis tree to various physical damages, phatogen infection, or chemical treatment. Factors influencing agarwood formation are age of the tree, season, geographical location, environment, and treatment period. Agarwood induction may be done in tree or sapling. Agarwood induction in saplings need more effort than in trees. Combination of fungi (Fusarium solani) and nutrient (Nitrogen fertilizer) treatment may be one way to induce agarwood in A. malaccensis saplings. This study aims to produce A. malaccensis agarwood (aromatic compounds and colour) by induction of F. solani and nitrogen fertilizer, and analyse the agarwood chemical content. The agarwood chemical content was investigated by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) analysis. Results indicated that agarwood had a different colour for every treatment. The darkest brown and most fragrant agarwood were produced by A. malaccensis treated by a combination of nitrogen fertilizer (4 gr/sapling) and F. solani inoculation. Three chemical compounds were identified i.e. silanediol dimethyl, 4-ethyl benzoic acid and 1,4,7,10,13,16- hexaoxacyclooctadecane with percentages of 25.7, 17.62, and 3.56 respectively. A. malaccensis treated by nitrogen fertilizer and F. solani for 3 months is able to induce aromatic compounds formation, but the colour still dark brown. Biosynthesis of aromatic compounds in agarwood occurs first before changes in the colour of the wood
Landscape Structure Affects Bird Community in Bogor, West Java
Full text linkBirds have different responses to landscape modification, depends on its adaptation to the environment. The purposes of this study were to identify bird communities in several landscape types and to analyze the landscape structures that affect bird communities. The study was conducted from April to August 2016 at 29 landscapes in the city of Bogor. The landscapes were categorized into four types based on their fragmentation stages: intact, variegated, fragmented, and relict. Birds were surveyed using point count. Bird diversity was calculated using Shanon-Wienner Index, followed by Kruskal-Wallis statistical analysis, the similarity of communities was tested using Bray-Curtis. The landscape structures were quantified using 7 variables and measured using ArcGis patch analyst. Total 8,967 individuals from 75 species and 36 families were recorded. Similarity analysis of the bird community suggested that intact landscapes were clustered separately, while other three types were clustered together. The results showed that the abundance and species richness were higher in intact landscape. Bird diversity in Bogor becomes higher when the total edge, the mean shape index, and the shannon evenness index become smaller
An Assessment of Vegetation Variables in The Reclamation Area of The Ex-Gold Mining at Ratatotok, Southeast Minahasa
Full text linkThe reclamation area of the ex gold-mining PT. Newmont Minahasa Raya (PT. NMR) will be used as a botanic gardens. This study aims to assess the reclamation program\u27s success based on a variable vegetation of the ex gold-mining area of PT. NMR for the basis of the next management. Observations of vegetation on each unit of area was done by nested sampling system, where plots were placed along a perpendicular transect in a contour line. Vegetation variables were recorded among other: species name, individual number, plot numbers, coordinates, temperature, humidity, canopy cover, and land cover. The effect of vegetation on both of two variable regions, revegetation area and non-revegetation area, was tested using discriminant analysis. The results showed that the vegetation composition of the ex gold mining area of PT. NMR was still dominated by introduction species i.e. gamal (Gliricidia sepium), mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla), and lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala). The diversity of understorey vegetation was middle category. The vegetation structure of the revegetation area was still in its infancy and has not yet reached climax conditions. However, revegetation efforts PT. NMR has succeeded in restoring the composition and structure of vegetation resembling to vegetation conditions in secondary forests. For supporting the ecosystem stability and promoting development programs of botanic gardens, were the enrichment of native vegetation and endangered species is needed
Several physical properties of Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell from different provenances and sampling position on tree
Full text linkEucalyptus pellita F. Muell is one of the species selected for the development of the plantation forest in Indonesia. In order to obtain a superior plant for the continuity of the plantation forest program, various tree breeding techniques are often applied, one of which is through best provenance selection. Conventional or advanced tree breeding program generally aims to obtain a fast-growing plant with good physical appearance. The program rarely gives attention to the properties/characteristics of timber produced. This aspect becomes the main background of this particular study which aims to investigate the effect of four provenances and also to examine the effect of sampling position on the trees on several physical properties of E. pellita. The result showed that the highest moisture content (97.34 + 15.67%) was found in the bottom part of trees from Indonesia provenance. While, the highest air-dry moisture content (15.15 + 0.20%) was observed in the top-part samples from Provenance North Kiriwo PNG. Samples from Provenance Serisa Village PNG have the highest density ranges, approximately 590 + 90 kg/m3 and 630 + 80 kg/m3 in the bottom-part samples and in the top-part samples, respectively. The highest T/R ratio, approximately 1.91 + 0.26, was observed in the bottom[1]part samples from Provenance South Kiriwa, PNG. The T/R ratio values of all provenances were less than 2, indicating the lumber will be possibly stable during its uses or further processing. Further result showed provenance factor significantly affect initial moisture content and density. Sampling position on trees only affect affects the initial moisture content. Based on the results, the timber of E. pellita being examined can be further used for light-to-medium construction purpose