Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
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Ekspresi Enzim Rekombinan Reverse Transcriptase (RTRNase H) Simian Betaretrovirus Serotipe-2 Asal Macaca fascicularis Indonesia dalam Sistem Ekspresi Eschericia coli
Get PDFReverse transcriptase (RT) enzyme is a key tool in molecular biology for the synthesis of complementary DNA (cDNA) from messenger RNA (mRNA). Combining RT activity with PCR amplification has been a gold standard as the first step in cloning the coding region of any gene of interest. Evidently, RTs have been critical in advancing molecular biology, genetics and medicine to their current stage. In this study, we were developing the RTDRNase H recombinant enzyme isolated from serotype-2 simian betaretrovirus-2 (SRV-2) infected Indonesian Macaca fascicularis using Escherichia coli expression system. The study was conducted using RT SRV-2 gene expression using E. coli expression system, proteins purification, and application to RT PCR technique. The SDS PAGE expression analysis showed a specific band size of 32.7 kDa assumed as RT protein enzyme. Application of RT SRV-2 enzyme generated to the RT PCR technique of β-globin CDV and SRV-2 env gene target showed that the RT SRV-2 enzyme was capable to reverse transcribed mRNA into cDNA as indicated by the presence of specific DNA band compared with commercial RT enzymes. This RT SRV-2 enzyme showed its activity similar to that of commercial one, although the activity was lower
Pertumbuhan Ulat Sutera Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) pada Berbagai Sumber Protein dalam Pakannya
Get PDFSilkworm rearing has high economical value for producing silk material and other beneficial biological materials such as enzyme, antibacterial agent, and antioxidant. For those purposes, it is important to continuously support high quality feed in the silkworm rearing.This study was aimed to evaluate study the growth of silkworm Bombyx mori fed with artificial diet containing different resources of protein (blood meal or soybean meal). The experiment used completely randomized design 5 five treatments artificial feed formulas and 20 repetitions. Each experiment unit consisted of 1 larvae that was reared individually and given different feed. Formula A: 100% blood meal (BM); B: 75% (BM) + 25% soybean meal (SM); C: 50% (BM) + 50% (SM); D: 25% (BM)+ 75% (SM); and E: 100% SM. Parameters measured were the feed consumption/larvae, opproximate digestibility, ECI (efficiency of conversion of feed ingested), ECD (efficiency conversion of feed digestibility), and body weight gain in fourth and fifth of the larvae instar. Oxygen consumption were measured on the fifth day of the fifth instar before meal and one hour after meal. The result showed that resource of protein did not significantly affect the parameters on the fourth instar, but significantly affected on the fifth instar larvae. Increment of soybean meal in artificial diet increasing oxygen consumption, and resulted decreassing of ECI and ECD value on the fifth instar larvae
Desain Kelembagaan Usaha Hutan Rakyat untuk Mewujudkan Kelestarian Hutan dan Kelestarian Usaha dalam Upaya Pengentasan Kemiskinan Masyarakat Pedesaan
Get PDFPeople forests in Java, have been around since 1950s, and it has been sustaining naturally following the market without any intervention. Nowadays, it keeps developing, with the increase in market demand and wood processing industry. People forest system consists of four sub-systems, those are: production, processing, marketing, and institutional sub-systems, which are simultaneously and dynamically interrelated in a system. The institutional sub-system requires collaborative arrangement that involves many parties. The objectives of the study were: 1) to identify knowledge, actors/networks, and interest/dynamic of people forest, 2) to analyze policy space of people forest management, and 3) to make a design of a people forest institution. The results showed that 1) The knowledge in people forest business came from families, neighbors, and government programs, 2) Actors of people forest agribusiness consisted of primary and secondary actors, 3) Cooperative relationship among actors of people forest business was mainly in the interest of gaining profit for each party,and 4) Institutional designs aimed at solving problems in policy space of people forest management
Efek Kombinasi Sistem Pengaturan Air Irigasi dengan Pemangkasan Daun Bawah Terhadap Efisiensi Air dan Radiasi, Serta Produktivitas Tanaman Jagung pada Lahan Kering Beriklim Kering
Get PDFStudy on the effect of dose management on water irrigation and the effect of pruning corn lower leaves on productivity of Lamuru variety grown on dry land of dry climate area has been done. The experiment was organized at Naibonat Experimental Station, East Kupang Subdistrict, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, from June to October 2011. The area used was 72 × 32 m using split plot design methods, employing two treatments. The first treatment was conducted on the main plot with water irrigation dose given 100, 80, and 60% the dose control was according to the farmer’s customary. The second treatment was applied by pruning or not pruning the lower leaves at the generative phase on the determined submain plot. The result showed that dose of water irrigation of 80 and 60% gave significant effect on corn productivity, that is 7.3 and 5.3 ton/ha, but not significant to the control (6.6 ton/ha). On the other hand, the treatment with and without leaf pruning did not give significant effect on the growth component because pruning was conducted during the generative phase. The Anova test result of corn productivity was not significantly different between the treatment of with and without pruning. The treatment of 80% dose of water irrigation could save water until 842 m3 or 20% per planting season per hectare. Meanwhile, the farmer’s customary wasted the water up to 2.105 m3 or 50% per planting season per hectare. Based on the results, the optimizing of water irrigation interval is seven times more efficient in one planting period as compared to 14 irrigation times in one planting period
Pencirian Mutu Kimiawi dan Mikrobiologis Produk Bandrek Instan dan Sirup Buah Pala (Myristica fragrans)
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to find chemical and microbiological characteristics of instant bandrek and nutmeg syrup from Sinarsari and Dramaga villages, Dramaga District, Bogor Regency. The analysis resulted that both products still fulfilled the quality standard of microbiological set by the Indonesian National Standard. The antioxidant capacity of instant bandrek and nutmeg syrup consecutively was equivalent with 256.12 mg AEAC per serving size and 775.62 mg AEAC per serving size, respectively. The toal phenolic of the instant bandrek drink and nutmeg syrup consecutively was equivalent with 89.81 mg GAE/L and 140.68 mg GAE/L, respectively. It can be concluded that the food processing did not remove the bioactive compounds that could function as antioxidant
Peningkatan Produksi Tanaman Pangan dengan Bahan Aktif Asam Humat dengan Zeolit sebagai Pembawa
Get PDFSoils in Indonesia are mostly dominated by soils having poor physico-chemical properties such as low pH, low organic matter, and very low nutrients. Consequently, agricultural production of the land are very low. Recently, application of chemical fertilizers that was mostly without organic matter addition has caused a decline of soil organic matter content. Soil physical properties become increasingly hard due to structural damage and less development of most soil microorganisms. In such conditions, soils become less responsive to fertilization and agricultural production is leveling off. Efforts to overcome the barriers of soil properties have been done to increase production of food crops. Some reports showed that an active material of humic acid increase the agricultural production. The humic acid is extracted from organic materials. The result of this study showed that application of 15 L/ha humic acid with zeolit carrier 10 kg/L humic acid increased the production of paddy by 15% and corn by 7%. The increase of crop production is due to development of roots that can stimulate the absorption of more nutrients
Teknik Pangkas Akar untuk Meningkatkan Produksi Bibit Melinjo Bermikoriza
Get PDFMycorrhizal symbiosis is the result of mutualistic interactions between plants and fungi. Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon) naturally associate with ectomycorrhizal Scleroderma sinnamariense and Scleroderma sp. fungi. Artificial inoculation can be applied to young seedlings (1-2 months old), before the roots contain woody material. The purpose of this study was to apply the root pruning techniques to improve gnetum mycorrhizal seedlings production. The study was conducted in a greenhouse using 7 months old seedlings. The treatments consisted of 3 root pruning levels (0, 30, and 50%) and ectomycorrhizal fungi inoculum (control, mycorrhizal seedlings, and soil inoculum). Observations were carried out for 4 months to the seedling growth and root colonization by ectomycorrhizal fungi. Height, diameter, and biomass of melinjo seedlings in all treatments were not significantly different. Thus, root pruning activities do not affect the growth of seedlings. Artificial inoculation produce mycorrhizal seedlings, whereas controls were uninfected. Root pruning increased number of root branching. Root pruning at level 50% increased mycorrhizal seedlings production, but the percentage of root colonization was not significantly difefernt at all pruning levels
Identifikasi Potensi Enzim Lipase dan Selulase pada Sampah Kulit Buah Hasil Fermentasi
Get PDFFermentation is one of bioconversion to produce profitable anaerobic microbes and to produce various enzymes. Lipases and cellulases are widely used enzymes so far. Cellulases play an important role in bioconversion of organic waste cellulosic materials to glucose, single cell proteins, animal feed, and ethanol. Lipases can also degrade fatty ester bond. Therefore, both enzymes are potential to be used in industry as well as in households. Fermentation of fruit peel waste is an attempt to produce cellulase and lipase that can be carried out in a simple way. Cellulase as says was performed using DNS (3.5-dinitrosalicylic acid) and acid-base titration for analysis of lipase using cooking oil as the substrate. The results showed that the highest cellulase activity was obtained from watermelon rind mixed with citrus fruit peel of 0.036 U/mL, and mixed of banana peel and citrus fruit, which was 0.035 U/mL. The optimum lipase activity was at 30 oC, pH 7, and reaction time of 60 minutes. The highest lipase activity (1.36 U/mL) was obtained from mixture of watermelon and orange rind. Thus, the fruit peel waste is potential to produce cellulase and lipase by fermentation
Pengembangan Agrowisata Berbasis Masyarakat pada Usahatani Terpadu guna Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Petani dan Keberlanjutan Sistem Pertanian
Get PDFAgricultural areas in Western Bandung Regency continue to face the threat due to land area reduction. Development of rural community-based agritourism is expected to benefit not only for rural communities but also urban communities to better understand, providing appreciation, as well as being a means of agriculture education. The factors that determine the development of agritourism, integrated farming systems, local institutional patterns, and the existing program would give a formulation of community-based agritourism development model that is oriented to added value and sustainability of agricultural systems. Assessment on sustainability of the communities in Cikahuripan and Cihideung villages in terms of social and spiritual aspects show good values towards sustainability while the ecological aspects requires corrective actions.
Struktur Komunitas Cacing Parasitik pada Ikan Kembung (Rastrelliger Spp.) di Perairan Teluk Banten dan Pelabuhan Ratu
Get PDFThe short mackerel is the most commercially important small pelagic fish in Indonesia. Parasitism plays a central role in fish biology. Parasitism is a ubiquitous phenomenon in the marine environment and it is probable that all marine fishes are infected with parasites. Helminth parasitic of Rastrelliger spp. are Lechitocladium angustonum (Digenea: Hemiuridae), Lecitochirium sp. (Digenea: Hemiuridae), Prodistomum orientalis (Digenea: Lepocreadiidae) and Anisakis typica (Nematodes: Anisakidae), with 90.12% of prevalence. They are not significant different of helminth parasitic abundance from R. kanagurta and R. brachysoma, but significant in helminth species richness. This different of helminth species richness was because of L. angustonum dominances. The different location wasn’t have significant different of helminth parasitic abundance because Indonesian in the tropical zone. Anisakis species in Java sea have a same genetic with Anisakis typical and not zoonotic parasite kategories. The fish digestion was a microhabitat for helminth parasitik because they have much food stuff. The fish growth have significant different in helminth parasitic abundance and intencity. This situation was because the fish immunity development and the food habit of fish