Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
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Genetic Diversity and DNA Barcoding Construction of Tropical Soybean Advanced Lines Based on SSR Markers
Full text linkSoybean cultivation in tropical regions, such as Indonesia, is often constrained by photoperiod sensitivity, resulting in low yield. Using long juvenile traits in short photoperiod tropical areas resulted in lines with late flowering time and high yield. Genetic diversity analysis of soybean lines using molecular markers is a critical step for breeding high-yielding soybean lines. This study aimed to analyze genetic diversity and construct DNA barcodes for 44 tropical soybean superior lines based on 17 SSR markers. Genetic materials used were the high-yielding F5 soybean lines developed for their adaptation to short day-length of low latitude tropical regions. SSR markers used were those that distributed well across the soybean genome and proven their usefulness for soybean genetic diversity analyses. Results showed that the SSR demonstrated distinctive polymorphism among the 44 lines. A total of 377 alleles were detected with an average of 22.8 alleles per SSR locus. Polymorphism information content (PIC) values varied from 0.77 to 0.96 with an average of 0.90. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 44 soybean genotypes were divided into 2 main clusters. Five markers, i.e., satt009, satt646, satt147, satt431, and satt191, with a polymorphism information content value of ≥0.94, were found to be informative and suitable for DNA barcode construction. Each of the 44 lines was assigned with specific barcodes. The barcodes constructed from this study should be useful for DNA fingerprinting as well as protection purposes of the specific superior soybean lines analyzed in this study.
Keywords: DNA fingerprint, molecular markers, photoperiod, plant breeding, soybea
Plankton Abundance in Senggarang Waters as Blue Swimming Crab Catchment Area, Tanjungpinang City, Riau Islands
Full text linkSenggarang waters are a traditional fishing spot for small-scale blue swimming crab (BSC) fishermen in Tanjungpinang City. The fishermen have their own BSC catchment areas to capture this product, which is the primary aim. Plankton, an aquatic microbe that lives floating in the water column and can\u27t move or only move slightly to follow the current, has a high ecological significance as a source of food for fisheries biota. The purpose of this study was to monitor the existence of plankton by determining plankton abundance, diversity index, uniformity index, and plankton dominance index in crab fishermen\u27s traditional fishing grounds in Senggarang seas. This is a quantitative study; planktons were sampled at 10.00−13.00 using the horizontal static method with a plankton net, placed in a sample bottle, and given 10% Lugol, before being identified at the Marine Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Raja Ali Haji Maritime University. Samples were collected for five weeks at five locations designated by purposive sampling in the same location as the BSC fishermen who set their traps (bubu). The results revealed 41 genera of planktons classified as Cyanophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Branchiopoda, Chlorophyceae, Dinophyceae, Sarcodina, Copepods, and Tintinnidae. The largest plankton abundance occurs in the fourth week of Station 5, with 15961 ind.L−1. The plankton diversity index was low, and the uniformity index was inversely proportional to dominance.
Keywords: blue swimming crab catchment areas, plankton abundance, Senggarang Waters, Tanjungpinang Cit
Javanese Culture and The Horticulture Community\u27s Resilience of Farmers in Sawangan, Ngablak, and Magelang Districts
Full text linkMagelang Regency region contains a plateau in the shape of a basin surrounded by mountains. The agroclimatic can generate enough agricultural products in sufficient quantity and quality to meet market demand. Horticultural agricultural activities in this area have the potential to improve food security and household income, considering technical, social, institutional, commercial, financial, and environmental issues. Horticultural growers were usually under pressure due to the drop in vegetable prices. The study examines the fight of independent horticultural farmers against adversity via the lens of community resilience. Community resilience includes community interests, institutional development, defense, and capacity building operations, as well as individual actions. The purpose of this study was to describe how resilient vegetable-growing communities are to food security concerns. Five villages in the Magelang Regency were affected: Klangon Hamlet in Sawangan District, Babadan Hamlet in Srumbung District, Wonolobo Hamlet, Krangean Hamlet, and Lodosewu Hamlet in Ngablak District. The thematic analysis approach was used to identify themes or characteristics related to the psychological and financial elements of vegetable producers. The resilience of the horticultural farming community in this area is built on trust in fellow farmers; there is hope for high prices to return; there is independence in weathering crop failures; and the local values of nrimo and gemi setiti are still practiced. The robustness of adaptive networks in the form of social capital, combined with excellent management of local capacities, increases the resilience of horticultural farming communities in this area.
Keywords: community resilience, falling prices, local wisdom, vegetable farmer
Farming Sustainability in Peatlands Following Restoration Programme in West Kalimantan
Full text linkThe Indonesian government\u27s peat restoration program, which began in 2016, is alleged to have an impact on the sustainability of peatland farming, because rewetting has the potential to cause waterlogging, limiting the crop commodities that can be cultivated. This project will look at the viability of small-scale farming on restored peatlands. To fulfill the study\u27s objectives, we used a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative technique included an analysis of agricultural income to determine the economic sustainability, whereas the qualitative approach explains social sustainability. The environmental sustainability was assessed using the carbon rescue acquired after rewetting. The findings revealed that rewetting had little effect on the income from vegetable and fruit crops. The farming income, which remains relatively high, demonstrates that farming\u27s economic sustainability is viable. Similarly, the social dimension does not detract from the sustainability aspect, because the rewetting of the land did not significantly alter the social structures and institutions that had been built in the farmer\u27s community. Meanwhile, from an environmental standpoint, the impact of rewetting is quite favorable, as every 1 cm increase in water table level has the potential to conserve at least 0.71 tons of CO2 per acre per year, or around IDR 13,888−26,993.
Keywords: carbon rescue, farming, peatland restoration, rewettin
Lactic Acid Bacteria Selection for Inoculum in Producing Sweet Corn Straw Silages
Full text linkSweet corn straw has nutritional value comparable to wheat and has the potential to be used as animal feed; however, its high crude fiber concentration reduces digestion. The purpose of this study was to assess nine lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates from cocoa fermentation (H 0.3, H 0.13, H 0.17, H 0.24, H 0.26, H 1.22, H 2.34, H 3.1, and H 3.3) as inoculants in silage production from corn straw. LAB identification was done using CaCO₃-clear zone tests, morphological examination, and catalase testing. Isolates H 0.13 and H 2.34 performed the best, as evidenced by low pH, significant lactic acid generation, and reduced water-soluble carbohydrates. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, both were identified as Lactiplantibacillus species. Silage showed good qualities, both with and without inoculants: slightly fine to moderately coarse texture, yellowish-green hue, and sour scent. Minor fungal growth was seen in inoculated samples. The nutritional content met the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for cow feed, with low crude fiber (13.11−13.58%) and ash level (2.72−3.36%). Fermentation quality was judged "very good," with a Fleigh value higher than 85. Finally, Lactiplantibacillus isolates H 0.13 and H 2.34 work well as inoculants for sweet corn straw silage, enhancing its nutritional and fermentative quality.
Keywords: corn straw, lactic acid bacteria, silag
Effect of AB Mix and Seed Rates on Unhulled Rice Green Fodder Productivity
Full text linkLand scarcity has become a concern in forage production activities, necessitating the development of an alternate hydroponic green fodder approach. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of AB Mix nutrition and seed density on the growth, productivity, and quality of green fodder derived from rice grain. The study utilized a 2 × 3 factorial Completely Randomized Design with three replications. The factors studied included the use of AB Mix (without and with AB Mix) and seed density (750, 1000, and 1250 g/m2). This study looked at aspects such as growth, productivity, and green fodder quality. Data was evaluated using the ANOVA test for growth and production, as well as the T test for green fodder quality. The results showed that adding AB Mix greatly improved green fodder growth, productivity, and quality. A seed density of 1250 g/m2 produced the highest productivity results.
Keywords: AB Mix, green fodder, land scarcity, seed rate
Agronomic Characteristics of Three Introduced Genotypes of Kailan Plants in Tropical Lowlands
Full text linkKailan has strong selling power, making it an attractive commodity for farmers. Plant introduction in a breeding program is one of the attempts being made to boost commercial kailan yield in Indonesia. The purpose of this introduction was to develop new varieties with high production, good yield quality, resistance to plant pest assaults, and adaptation in a variety of situations. The study sought to assess the agronomic properties of several imported kailan genotypes when grown in tropical lowlands. This experiment was conducted from May to July 2023 in the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture at Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta, South Tangerang City. The study employed a Randomized Complete Block Design with one treatment factor, the kailan genotype, with five levels, including three introduced genotypes (KI001, KI002, and KI003) and two national varieties as comparators (Nita and Nemo). The results revealed that the introduced genotype KI003 had superior total fresh weight and marketable fresh weight features than the other introduced genotypes and all comparator varieties. The introduced genotypes KI001 and KI002 share the same agronomic features as the two comparator varieties. The study found that all introduced varieties could adapt well to lowland tropical climatic conditions, however only the introduced genotype KI003 demonstrated superior adaptation when compared to the comparator types.
Keywords: Brassica oleracea L, genetic variation, plant breeding, plant introductio
Gastropods as Bioindicators of Water Quality in Telindale Beach, Rote Tengah District, Rote Ndao Regency
Full text linkTelindale Beach is part of the Central Rote Sub-district in the Rote Ndao Regency. The beach is also a seaside region with many community activities, including tourism, recreation, and sales. These activities have a significant impact on the health of aquatic ecosystems. The presence of pollutants in water might cause a decline in its quality. Gastropods are among the species that are sensitive to changes in water quality. This study sought to provide information on gastropod diversity as a bioindicator of water quality at Telindale Beach. This study was both descriptive and quantitative, with the location determined through purposive sampling. The line-transect approach was applied at three locations, each with a different substrate. The data were evaluated using diversity, uniformity, and dominance index techniques. The research revealed that the gastropods identified at the beach belonged to 13 families, 15 genera, and 19 species, with 112 individuals across all stations. The diversity index ranged from 0.27 to 2.33 (moderately contaminated), the uniformity index was 0.84-0.91 (high), and the dominance index was 0.12-0.31 (moderate). According to the species diversity index data, the waters near Telindale Beach were the most polluted.
Keywords: bioindicator, gastropods, Telindale Beac
Antioxidant Activity and Phenolics of Kabau (Archidendron bubalinum) Pod Peel Extract from East Lampung on Blood Cell Male Mice Induced by Cadmium
Full text linkCadmium (Cd) increases oxidative stress, which increases the likelihood of health problems. To protect the body from oxidative stress, natural antioxidants obtained from plants are required. The kabau plant (Archidendron bubalinum) is thought to have antioxidant phytochemicals. The purpose of this study was to assess the antioxidant activity and total phenolic component content of kabau pod peels, as well as their effect on the quantity of erythrocytes and leukocytes in male mice exposed to cadmium. This study used a completely randomized design, with 24 mice divided into six groups: three control groups and three treatment groups. The findings of assessing the antioxidant activity of peel extract revealed that the IC50 was 93.6 ppm, which is considered strong. The phenolic content of peel extract was 72.26 mg GAE/g. Giving pod peel extract to mice increased the number of erythrocytes and leukocytes, however the impact was not significant (p = 0.028 and P = 0.239). Mice with 380 mg/kg BW produced better outcomes.
Keywords: antioxidant, Archidendron, blood cell, kabau, phenolic
Quality Index and Land Suitability for Cocoa Plants in Bandar District, Pacitan Regency, East Java
Full text linkCocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is an Indonesian plantation crop that has potential for agricultural development. The goal of this study was to evaluate the relationship between soil quality index (SQI) and land suitability in Bandar District, Pacitan Regency, East Java for cocoa plants, as well as to identify the limiting variables and inputs used to boost cocoa plant production. This study used a descriptive survey and purposive soil sampling methods. Land Map Units (LMUs) were created by overlaying maps of soil type, land use, slope, and rainfall. To generate Principal Component (PC) data, SQI calculations utilized the expert judgement and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) methodologies. PC was utilized to select the Minimum Data Set (MDS); the PC chosen as the MDS had an eigenvalue near to 1 or −1 or a p-value less than 0.05 or 5%, and the SQI value was determined. Land suitability was assessed using the FAO land evaluation framework (1976). The study site SQI ranged from very low (1.76) to low (3.14), with a land suitability class of S3 (marginally suitable). association study revealed a substantial positive association between SQI and land suitability (r = 0.688, p = 0.000). The correlation test\u27s limiting indicator, P, was available. Liming, adding organic materials, and fertilization are all recommended improvements.
Keywords: cocoa, land suitability evaluation, soil quality inde