Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
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Keamanan Mikrobiologis Air Minum Isi Ulang dan Perubahannya Selama Penyimpanan
Get PDFIndonesians use refilled drinking water which can be obtained at depots because of practical and affordable reasons. Low levels of sanitation and hygiene and storage of refilled drinking water for an extended period can lead to the possibility of the growth of indicator and pathogenic microorganisms such as Coliform and Escherichia coli (E. coli). This study aims to evaluate the application of drinking water refilling stations (DWRS) sanitary hygiene, microbiological quality and safety of refilled drinking water and its changes during storage. Samples of refilled drinking water were taken from two DWRSs for each region in five areas of DKI Jakarta including West, East, South, North, and Central Jakarta. The treatments in this study were refilled drinking water storage in gallons of closed and open-closed conditions at room temperature (28 + 2°C) for 0, 7, and 14 days. The results of observations showed that 30% (n=30) of depots complied with hygiene sanitation standards according to Permenkes RI No. 43 of 2014 (>70%). The analysis results showed that refilled drinking water at 0 days of storage, 100% met the TPC (5 Log CFU/mL), 20% met the total Coliform standard (0 Log CFU/mL), and 80% met the E. coli standard (0 Log CFU/mL) according to Permenkes RI No. 492 of 2010. Storage times of 0, 7, and 14 days of refilled drinking water had a significant effect on TPC and total Coliform (P < 0.05), but had no significant effect on E. coli (P > 0.05) in gallons with closed and open-closed conditions.
Keywords: Coliform, DWRS, E. coli, refilled drinking wate
Kepadatan dan Preferensi Habitat Kerang Pokea di Muara Sungai Laeya, Sulawesi Tenggara
Get PDFFreshwater clams or also known as pokes in tribal languange is clams to Sulawesi which posses high market value. However, their density and habitat preferences in Laeya River Estuary is currently unknown. This study aims to determine the density and habitat preferences of pokea clams in the Laeya River, Southeast Sulawesi. This research was conducted for 1 year from March 2016-February 2017. Pokea samples were taken every month in three stations using tangge (traditional fishing gear) with a total sample size of 2908 individuals. The density of pokea clam was analyzed using Mann Whitney test. Habitat preferences were analyzed by correspondence analysis using XLstat. The study showed that the density of pokea clams in 3 stations were similar. The clam density at stations I, II, and III were 85,47±66,44, 97,03± 81,70, and 59,84±82,31, respectively. The highest density was found during April-July 2016 with the peak density in May 2016 with a value of 268,78±29,23. The lowest density occurred during September 2016-February 2017. The lowest density was found in December 2016 with a value of 15,12±7,08. The density of pokea clams in the Laeya River was influenced by TDS. Pokea clams prefer habitats with deeper water and low brightness caused by organic matter and high TOM.
Keywords: clam, Indonesia, pokea, preference, Sulawes
Ciri Agronomi dan Serat Delapan Varian Sorgum sebagai Pakan
Get PDFSorghum is a multifunctional crop as a source of food, feed, and alternative energy. Plant breeding using the radiation mutation technique was applied to improve the characteristics of sorghum according to its purpose. This study evaluated the agronomic and fiber characteristics of selected sorghum mutant lines. Eight sorghum mutant lines were observed in this study (GHP-2, GHP-3, GHP-4, GHP-5, GHP-7, G-5, P-341, and P36.M10). Pahat and Bioguma sorghum varieties were used as control. Compared to eight selected mutant lines, Bioguma variety was the tallest plant. Except for P-341, all selected mutant sorghum lines produced lower plant biomass than Bioguma. The highest sugar content was produced by G-5 and P-36.M10. There are no significant differences in seed production per panicle. The lowest fiber fractions in the leaf and stem were produced by GHP-3 and G-5 mutant lines, respectively. Based on our findings, the P-341 sorghum mutant line can be used as forage sorghum because it produces high biomass and relatively low fiber content. The G-5 mutant line can be projected as an alternative energy source due to its high stem sugar content.
Keywords: agronomy, fiber, mutant, sorghu
Efektivitas Pengapuran dalam Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) sebagai Hijauan Pakan Ternak
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Sorghum is a potential crop as feed forage. The objective of the research was to obtain optimum dose of liming to improve the growth and productivity of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) biomass as feed forage. A completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications were applied for the research. The treatments were doses of dolomite lime addition i.e., 1) SD0 (dolomite lime addition at a dose of 0 ton/ha) as a control, 2) SD1 (dolomite lime addition at a dose of 1 ton/ha), 3) SD2 (dolomite lime addition at a dose of 2 ton/ha), and 4) SD3 (dolomite lime addition at a dose of 3 ton/ha). The result shows that supplementation of dolomite lime at doses of 2‒3 tons ha-1 can increase soil pH after a week of incubation. The dolomite lime addition at a dose of 3 tons ha-1 significantly increases (P<0.05) the plant height (2 weeks after planting) and the number of leaves from a week after planting until the end of the research (10 weeks after planting). In addition, this dose of dolomite addition (3 tons/ha) can increase fresh biomass productivity as well as dry biomass compared to control (SD0). In conclusion, supplementation of dolomite lime at a dose of 3 tons ha-1 was effective to increase the pH value of soil, plant height, leaves number, as well as fresh and dry biomass of sorghum plant. In addition, this dose of dolomite lime produces better green color of sorghum plant leaf compared to without liming.
Keywords: biomass production, dolomite lime, feed forage, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moenc
Aplikasi Penyalut Berbahan Tepung Lidah Buaya untuk Mempertahankan Mutu Bunga Edibel
Get PDFEdible flower is a flower that is safe for consumption both in fresh and processed form. In fresh form, edible flowers are used as garnishes or food decorations and a unique flavor enhancer. Kenikir (Cosmos sulphureus) is one of the edible flowers that are safe for consumption in fresh form. However, in fresh condition, flowers are easily damaged so that their market share is limited. Coating using aloe vera, which can hold moisture while having antimicrobial properties, is a method to maintain flower freshness. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of aloe vera coating application to maintain the quality of kenikir as a fresh edible flower. The experimental design used was a two-factor completely randomized design with the first factor being the concentration of aloe vera flour (0.5% and 1%) and the second factor being spray frequency (1 application and 2 applications). Quality parameters measured during storage were respiration rate, weight loss, moisture content, and color. The results showed that the coating with the L2S2 formulation (1% aloe vera flour concentration with 2 applications) was the best treatment with a weight loss value of 7.3%, water content 82.57%, respiration rate 898.99 ml kg-1 hour-1, and has the highest brightness value. Based on these parameters, the L2S2 treatment could maintain the quality of kenikir as fresh edible flowers for up to 5 days compared to the control, which lasted 2 days at 10°C storage temperature.
Keywords: aloe vera powder, coat spraying, Cosmos sulphureus, edible flower, kenikir flowe
Optimisasi Pemanfaatan Pupuk Vermikompos dalam Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Jagung di Tanah Entisol Pesisir Pantai
Get PDFEntisol has poor physical, chemical, and biological properties that limit the growth and yield of maize. This study aimed to obtain the correct dose of vermicompost to increase the growth and yield of maize on Entisols. The research was arranged using Randomized Block Design, consisted of 7 treatment doses of vermicompost fertilizer (0; 2.5; 5; 7.5; 10; 12.5; and 15 Mg ha-1 and 4 re;plications. The results showed that the dose of vermicompost significantly affected the growth and yield of maize in coastal entisol soils. The dose of 10 Mg ha-1 was the best on plant height, leaf number, fresh weight, plant dry weight, shoot fresh weight, fresh root weight, and shoot and root dry weight. Meanwhile, the dose of 12.5 Mg ha-1 produced the best maize yields for the fresh weight of husked ear per plant, fresh weight of unhusked ear per plant, and dry grain weight per plant, namely, 322.75 g, 286.66 g, and 173.4 g, respectively. The best results of fresh weight of husked ear per plot, fresh weight of unhusked ear per plot, and dry grain weight per plot were achieved by vermicomposting of 15 Mg ha-1, which were 11.28 kg, 9.72 kg, and 5.94 kg, respectively.
Keywords: coastal, Entisol, maize, vermicompost, yiel
Profil Fisiologis Pascapemberian Katuk Depolarisasi untuk Peningkatan Produktivitas Sapi Pedaging
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Katuk (Sauropus androgynus), a traditional herb that has been traditionally consumed by breastfeeding mothers to increase their milk production but still has some side effects, such as bronchiolitis obliterans and inhibition of calcium absorbtion. Removing the polar compounds in katuk leaf (depolarized katuk leaf) can eliminate those side effects without eliminating its side effect in increasing milk production and body growth in several production animals. This study was aimed to analyze the physiological status of beef cows consuming diet supplemented with depolarized katuk leaf as feed additive by measuring their hematology and blood mineral profile. Nine Brahman cross cows in the finisher stage, were grouped based on their diet: complete feed (control), complete feed plus depolarized katuk leaf powder (P1; 100 g per day), and complete feed plus depolarized katuk leaf pellet (P2; 100 g per day). Blood sample was collected after six weeks of consumption for analysis of hematological profiles including total erythrocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, total leukocytes, stress index (neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio); and blood mineral concentration (calcium and phosphorous). Dietary administration of depolarized katuk leaf did not have any statistically significant effect on all hematology parameters and blood mineral profiles. In conclusion, depolarized katuk leaf can be used as a growth promoter in beef cows without any negative effect on their physiological status.
Keywords: Hematologi, katuk depolarisasi, kesehatan, mineral, sapi pedagin
Komunitas Mikrob pada Hasil Fermentasi Nata De Coco Berdasarkan Marka Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA
Get PDFTraditional nata de coco fermentation often results in inconsistent nata thickness. From the producer\u27s perspective, thin nata sheets are detrimental because most fermentation media will be wasted. The main cause of this condition may be that the microbial population in the starter culture is different in each batch. It is necessary to observe the cultured microbial community on various qualities of available thick and thin nata to design a better nata de coco starter culture. This study showed thick nata had more Komagataeibacter intermedius bacteria (pellicle forming) than thin nata. In traditional nata fermentation, K. intermedius always coexists with other microbes from the bacteria and yeast groups. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis indicated that the genetic diversity of bacteria was higher than that of the yeast group.
Keywords: dendrogram of relationship, fermented food, microbial genetic diversity, nata de coc
Eksplorasi, Identifikasi, dan Bioesai Jamur Entomopatogen terhadap Spodoptera frugiperda dari Kabupaten Purbalingga
Get PDFThe goals of this study were to explore and identify entomopathogenic fungi, as well as determine the most effective application techniques to control S. frugiperda from exploration of infected Spodoptera frugiperda larvae in Purbalingga Regency. The research was carried out at the Plant Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University, from January to May 2022. Samples were collected by purposive random method. The study used a Complete Randomized Design, consisting of two factors, namely the type of entomopathogenic fungus and the application technique, with 9 combinations and 3 replications. Observed variables include mortality, feeding activity, growth, and reproduction of larvae. The results showed that (1) the results of exploration of entomopathogenic fungi were from the genus Metarhizium sp. and Penicillium sp. (2) single treatment of Metarhizium sp. is more effective than Penicillium sp. in killing S. frugiperda larvae. Fungi Metarhizium sp. and Penicillium sp. decreased feeding activity, length of three-instar larval period, and number of eggs, respectively 24.99 and 15.99%, 4.71 and 2.46%, 9.18 and 8.04% against controls. (3) single treatment of feed soaking method decreased mortality by 55.18% than other methods. Spraying the larval body decreased mortality by 44.84% compared to other methods. The method of application did not affect the feeding, growth and fecundity activity of larvae. (4) The combined treatment of Metarhizium sp., spraying the larval body, and soaking feed had a mortality percentage of 60%. Interaction treatment of the fungus Metarhizium sp. and the method of application lowered the feed power by 16%. The decrease in the period of three instar larvae to pupae and the largest number of eggs in the combination treatment of Metarhizium sp. and spraying of larval bodies was 6.34% and 11.20% respectively compared to controls.
Keywords: bioassay, entomopathogenic fungi, Spodoptera frugiperda, Purbalingg
Pengaturan Suhu Brooding pada Performa Ayam Broiler Pelanggan PT New Hope Indonesia
Get PDFGenetic improvement through intensive selection in broilers for economically important traits such as body weight, growth rate, feed efficiency, and carcass quality plays a role in increasing the productivity and efficiency of the broiler industry. Good maintenance management is needed by paying attention to the quantity and quality of feed as well as comfortable and controlled environmental conditions. The environmental factor that is often the focus of attention is the temperature of milieu. During the brooding period aged 0‒21 days, the Day Old Chick cannot regulate its body temperature perfectly and still influenced by ambient temperature. Therefore, it is necessary to study the effect of brooding temperature on the performance of broiler at PT New Hope Indonesia\u27s customers, to find the problems in regulating brooding temperatures along with solutions, evaluations, and improvement plans. Observations were made for 21 days in a semi-closed house with a population of 22,000 Cobb strain broiler. The research method used is data recording observation. The primary data were average brooding temperature for 21 days, depletion rate, feed consumption, body weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and production index. There was a deviation in body weight and FCR at the age of 11‒14 days due to the restriction of the heater until the age of 14 days and the wind speed at night which was more than 0.3 ms-1. With the corrective action of wind speed regulation, an effective temperature close to the thermoneutral zone and optimal production performance was obtained until the end of the brooding period.
Keywords: body weight, broiler, brooding, feed conversion ratio, temperatur