Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
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Selection of Lignin Degrading Bacteria from Soil, Kitchen Waste, Leaf Litter, and Cow Dung Based on Lignin Peroxidase and Manganese Peroxidase Activities
Full text linkLignin is a complex chemical heterogeneous polymer that forms a physical barrier to lignocellulose\u27s biological and chemical hydrolysis, making lignocellulosic biomass challenging to degrade. Ligninolytic microorganisms play an essential role in lignin degradation by producing extracellular enzymes. Lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase are enzymes that play a role in lignin degradation. Forty-one bacterial isolates have been isolated from soil, kitchen waste, leaf litter, and cow dung. However, the ligninolytic activity of these isolates has yet to be discovered. This research aimed to determine the ligninolytic ability of bacteria isolated from soil, leaf litter, kitchen waste, and cow dung based on lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase activity. The study was conducted stages: isolate recultured, qualitative and quantitative testing of lignin peroxidase activity based on degradation of methylene blue dye, and qualitative and quantitative testing of manganese peroxidase activity based on degradation of phenol red dye. A total of four bacterial isolates from soil (Tn9, Tn14, Tn16, and Tn17) and two bacterial isolates from cow dung (KS2 and KS5) showed qualitative and quantitative lignin peroxidase activity. Manganese peroxidase activity was also shown by four isolates from soil (Tn2, Tn6, Tn14, and Tn16), one isolate from kitchen waste (SD1), and one isolate from cow dung (KS5) both qualitatively and quantitatively. The nine bacterial isolates that showed lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase activity have potential as lignin-degrading biological agents.
Keywords: bacteria, ligninolytic, peroxidas
Food Safety Study of Petis Crackers in Kendal Regency, Central Java
Full text linkFood safety is a science that deals with preparing, managing, and storing food or beverages to be safe from physical, biological, and chemical contamination. The processing of petis (condiments of fermented fish or shrimp) crackers is one of the categories of SMEs in Kendal Regency, Central Java. The study aimed to evaluate the heavy metals of iron (Fe), lead (Pb), and other chemical features and to survey the processing of petis crackers. This is a descriptive study of an observational nature with a quantitative approach, especially by doing laboratory observations. The study also carried out qualitative observations using questionnaires regarding the manufacturing of petis crackers. Petis is food or items cooked in a thick, clayey, and elastic condiment group. The results showed that Fe levels vary from 48.00 to 82.00 mg/kg and Pb from 40.00 to 50.00 mg/kg. The average chemical properties of the petis crackers are as follows: 2.45% ash, 13.27% moisture, 3.13% protein, 0.15% fat, and 81.0%carbohydrate. The lead content surpasses the maximum limit of the standard set by the BPOM (The Indonesian Food and Drug Supervisory Agency).
Keywords: food safety, heavy metal, Kendal, petis cracker
Vulnerability Level of Small-scale Fishery Enterprises in Central Tapanuli, North Sumatra
Full text linkNumerous operational variables constantly threaten small-scale fishery enterprises, increasing vulnerability and the possibility of economic stagnation. The goal of this study was to investigate the vulnerability of small-scale fishery enterprises in Central Tapanuli Regency. The study looked at six aspects of vulnerability: natural, human, physical, financial, social, and institutional. The methodology employed was participative, using interviews, observations, and Likert scale questionnaires. The study\u27s findings revealed that seasonal and weather circumstances were the most significant weaknesses affecting fishery enterprises. Except for the marketing group, which showed a greater degree of vulnerability was visible in terms of institutional supporting and participation by fishermen\u27s groups. Finally, fishery enterprises can improve their resilience by developing business groups and implementing treatments tailored to each group\u27s individual needs. This study proposes technical methods to increase the resilience and sustainability of the region\u27s fisheries enterprises.
Keywords: Central Tapanuli, fisheries business, resilience, vulnerabilit
Perilaku Konsumen pada Keputusan Pembelian Tanaman Hias di Jakarta Selatan
Full text linkThis research analyzes consumer behavior and its impact on the purchase decisions of ornamental plants at Taman Anggrek Ragunan, South Jakarta. The Taman Anggrek Ragunan is the largest ornamental center in Jakarta. During the COVID-19 pandemic, demand for ornamental plants at Taman Anggrek Ragunan decreased by 50%. This research aims to determine the characteristics of ornamental plant consumers and analyze consumer behavior and its impact on purchase decisions of ornamental plants at Taman Anggrek Ragunan, South Jakarta. Respondents in this research were ornamental plant consumers who made purchases at Taman Anggrek Ragunan and were selected using a non-purposive sampling technique. The data used in this research comprises primary data and secondary data. For qualitative data, we convert it using a Likert scale to be analyzed quantitatively. The data analysis method uses multiple linear regressions. The results of the research show that the factors that have a significant impact on the decision to purchase ornamental plants at Taman Anggrek Ragunan, South Jakarta, are personal factors and psychological factors, while social factors and cultural factors do not have a significant impact. Personal and cultural factors have more influence on purchasing decisions for male respondents than female respondents. The four variables influence respondents with a high school education level more than undergraduates. Meanwhile, based on income level, the influence of the variable is stronger for respondents with an IDR 4 million or less income.
Keywords: consumer behavior, multiple linear regression, ornamental plants, purchasing decision
Histopatologi Hepar Tikus Dengan Induksi Pakan Tinggi Lemak Setelah Pemberian Biji Mahoni
Full text linkHigh accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes can trigger an increase in the production of radical compounds, leading to fatty liver disease. This condition induces histological changes in the liver, especially in hepatocytes, and affects the surrounding structures. Mahogany seeds have the potential to act as a hypolipidemic agent in treating fatty liver. Mahogany seeds are known to contain phytochemical compounds which act as antioxidants. This study aimed to determine liver histopathology of rats by inducing high-fat diet after giving mahogany seeds ethanol extract which was observed through the percentage of steatosis, hepatocyte diameter, and hepatosomatic index. This study involved thirty male Sprague Dawley rats, divided into 6 groups: P0 (given commercial feed), P1 (given high-fat diet), P2 (given high-fat diet and simvastatin at a dose of 8 mg/200 g BW), P3, P4, and P5 (given high-fat diet and mahogany seeds ethanol extract at a dose of 14, 28, and 56 mg/200 g BW). The results showed that the hepatosomatic index among all treatment groups did not differ significantly; however, the percentage of steatosis and hepatocyte diameter in the groups given mahogany seeds ethanol extract significantly differed from the group given only high-fat feed. Based on these results, it can be concluded that mahogany seed ethanol extract can maintain the histological structure of the liver in male Sprague Dawley rats with fatty liver.
Keywords: hepatocyte, hepatosomatic index, high-fat diet, mahogany seeds, steatosi
Karakterisasi Ekson 4 Gen DRD4 pada Ayam Arab Tiara G15 dengan Tingkah Laku Feather Pecking
Full text linkFeather pecking (FP) is a potentially fatal behavioral disorder in chickens. Various factors, including genetics such as DRD4 gene, affected this behavior. The Arab TIARA G15 chicken is a laying hen breed selected based on FP behavior. However, genetic selection linked to this FP as not yet been conducted. This study aimed to characterize the 4th exon of the DRD4 gene in Arab golden red TIARA G15 chickens and confirm its potential as an FP genetic marker. The study used 30 TIARA G15 chickens that were divided into three groups: high feather pecking (HFP) (n = 10), low feather pecking (LFP) (n = 10), and control (n = 10). The DNA extraction kit extracted total genomic DNA from each blood sample. The 4th exon of the DRD4 gene was amplified using primer pairs MU140-141. Amplicons from samples within a group were pooled in a single tube and sequenced using the Sanger method. The sequencing results were analyzed for nucleotide variation using MEGA6 software. Nucleotide sequences obtained from each group were 642 bp, consisting of partial intron 3 (55 bp), full-length exon 4 (202 bp), and partial 3\u27UTR (385 bp). None of the three groups of Arab golden red TIARA G15 chickens were found to have any nucleotide variants in the partial intron 3, full-length exon 4, and 3\u27UTR regions of the DRD4 gene. Consequently, selecting the full-length exon 4 of the DRD4 gene for FP behavior was not feasible.
Keywords: arab chicken, DRD4, feather pecking, golden re
psbA-trnH Intergenic Spacer profile of Wax Apple (Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L.M. Perry) Cultivars
Full text linkThe fruit known as wax apple, scientifically named Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L.M. Perry, is a well-liked agricultural product originating from Demak Regency in the Central Java Province. When it is difficult to distinguish between different forms of an organism, using DNA barcoding to authenticate the identity of species based on their DNA is an important way. The psbA-trnH intergenic spacer is a commonly used molecular approach to analyse the genetic characteristics of plant species. This study investigated the psbA-trnH intergenic spacer profile of wax apple cultivars from Demak regency. The investigation revealed that the psbA-trnH intergenic spacer sequences of the S. samarangense cultivars, namely Madu Thailand and Madu Deli Hijau, had lengths of 535 and 492 base pairs, respectively. Both cultivars demonstrate a greater nucleotide composition of deoxyadenylic acid (A) and deoxythymidylic acid (T) in comparison to deoxycytidilic acid (C) and deoxyguanylic (G). The genetic distance between S. samarangense ‘Madu Thailand’ and ‘Madu Deli Hijau’ indicates a very tight relationship, with a value of 0.000. The psbA-trnH intergenic spacer proved to be insufficient in differentiating the S. samarangense cultivars from Demak regency, mostly because to its low capacity to discern between the wax apple cultivars.
Keywords: Demak, psbA-trnH intergenic spacer, Syzygium samarangense, wax appl
Tingkatan Mutu dan Mitigasi Risiko pada Penanganan Udang Windu di PPI Selili Samarinda ke Pasar Barong Tongkok, Melak
Full text linkEast Kalimantan has a superior commodity: tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Some of these commodities are marketed to several areas in Samarinda City and to areas outside Samarinda City, namely West Kutai Regency (Barong Tongkok Market). The distribution process uses a cold chain (cool box) system for 12 hours of travel. Long distribution times cause product quality to decrease. This study aims to assess tiger shrimp\u27s quality and handling strategies using a cold chain system at PPI Selili Samarinda City. The quality level is determined using organoleptic testing at points 1 (PPI Selili) and 2 (Pasar Barong Tongkok). The formal safety assessment (FSA) method is used to identify risks in each handling activity, risk assessment associated with tiger shrimp deterioration, risk control, and recommendations to minimize quality degradation. Based on organoleptic tests, the quality of tiger shrimp is included in the category of safe for consumption. Product handling activities included unloading products from ships, moving them to terminals, washing, structuring, packaging in cool boxes, transportation by shipping services, shipping to Melak Pasar Barong Tongkok, unloading from shipping services, and product arrangement. The highest potential risk is handling shipments to Melak Pasar Barong Tongkok, which has 22 potential hazards. Risk mitigation can be applied through socialization and evaluation related to suitable fish handling methods (CPIB) and making operational schedules for cleaning in the product loading and unloading area before and after handling activities.
Keywords: formal safety assessment, risk management, handling strategy, transportation, tiger shrim
Pengendalian Hama Terpadu pada Peremajaan Sawit Rakyat di Kecamatan Pangkalan Kuras, Riau
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The rapid development of oil palm replanting areas will lead to ecological problems such as plant disturbing organisms. Pest and disease attacks are obstacles farmers face when developing their farms, especially in smallholder oil palm plantations. This study aims to examine the components of cultivation techniques, environmental factors, and human resources that influence the application of IPM on smallholder oil palm replanting land in Pangkalan Kuras District, Pelalawan Regency, Riau Province. The methods used in this study included the purposive determination of 60 respondents, data collection through interviews with farmers, field surveys, and data analysis. The results showed that socio-economic aspects influenced farmers\u27 actions in implementing IPM. Farmer knowledge about pests and diseases of oil palm plants was 36%. Farmers have applied several pest and disease control techniques in oil palm cultivation on replanting land. However, most farmers (60%) are still unfamiliar with the term IPM, need to learn the role of natural enemies in pest control in the field, and lack regular monitoring.
Keywords: disease, IPM, palm oil, pest, replantin
Inventory of Weeds in Mexican Park, Bogor Botanical Garden
Full text linkThe Bogor Botanical Gardens\u27 Mexican Park presents various dry-climate plants useful for recreation and learning. The presence of weeds in the collection site would have a negative impact because they can inhibit the growth of the collection plants. This study examined the diversity of weeds in the Mexican Park, Bogor Botanical Gardens. This descriptive study took place in the Bogor Botanical Gardens, specifically in the Mexican Park, and weed identification was carried out at the National Research and Innovation Agency. The weed data obtained was then analyzed descriptively through a literature study. The results showed that there were 52 weed species from 28 families. Most species came from the Asteraceae and Araceae families. The block that had the most weeds was Block II.O.IV, with a total of 15 weed species. The species that were often found in each area of the Mexican Garden Collection include Euphorbia graminea Jacq., Euphorbia heterophylla L., Calliandra calothyrsusMeisn, Coleus monostachyus (P. Beauv.) AJ Paton, Cecropia peltate L., and Cissus verticillata subsp. verticillata.
Keywords: Inventory, Weeds, Mexican Park, Bogor Botanical Garde