TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control)
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Dual-band MIMO antenna for wideband THz communication in future 6G applications
Full text linkThis paper presents an industrial and innovation dual-band multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna designed for terahertz (THz) frequencies to enhance future sixth-generation (6G) communication systems. The antenna utilizes a polyimide substrate with a thickness of 12 µm, a dielectric constant of 3.5 and a tangent loss of 0.0027. Both the patch and the ground plane are constructed from copper, ensuring robust performance. The antenna achieves resonance at 5.45 THz with a gain of 14 dB and a bandwidth of 0.7 THz and at 6.34 THz with a gain of 14.44 dB and a bandwidth of 1.77 THz. Additionally, it demonstrates a minor peak at 7.4 THz and a maximum efficiency of 95.87%. The transmission coefficient shows an isolation of -31.01 dB, indicating excellent separation between antenna elements. Key MIMO performance metrics, containing the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), diversity gain (DG), mean effective gain (MEG), total active reflection coefficient (TARC), and channel capacity loss (CCL), were analyzed, displaying optimum performance. An analogous circuit was designed and simulated in advanced design system (ADS) to validate these discoveries, creating comparable reflection coefficients to those attained from computer simulation technology (CST) simulations. These findings approve the antenna’s possible for THz-band 6G wireless communication applications
Graphene-based THz antenna with a wide bandwidth for future 6G short-range communication
Full text linkIn this study, we present the design and investigation of a terahertz (THz) frequency antenna optimized for the 2-10 THz range, featuring both single-element and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) configurations, with a focus on industrial and innovative applications to enhance future 6G communication systems. The antenna, constructed on a polyimide substrate with dimensions of 90×30 µm, achieves a bandwidth from 4.0328 to 10 THz. The MIMO configuration, which includes two ports, demonstrates excellent isolation with a value of -27 dB. The proposed antenna system achieves a gain of 12.38 dB and an efficiency of 89%, making it highly appropriate for THz communication applications. Furthermore, the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of 0.002 and diversity gain (DG) of 9.99 affirm the antenna’s effectiveness in MIMO systems. A resistance inductance capacitance (RLC) circuit model was employed to accurately represent the S11 curve, ensuring precise characterization of the antenna’s performance. These results underscore the probability of the proposed antenna for high-speed, short-range communication systems
Optimization of principal component analysis and k-nearest neighbors in cultivation area classification red onion
Full text linkThis research aims to increase the effectiveness in classifying shallot cultivation areas through the combined application of principal component analysis (PCA) and k-nearest neighbors (KNN) methods. Shallot is an important agricultural commodity, and identification of optimal areas for its cultivation is essential to support food self-sufficiency. Onion cultivation is generally done in the highlands. One of the areas with shallot cultivation in North Sumatra Province is Berastagi, Karo Regency. This research was conducted by determining the spatial extent of upland land. In the use of data there are 2 types of data that will be used: land suitability dataset and land condition dataset for each region. The PCA method is utilized to simplify the data structure by reducing the number of dimensions and removing insignificant attributes, while KNN was used to classify regions based on their suitability for shallot cultivation. This research produces a classification map that can be used to identify the most optimal areas for shallot cultivation. The test results with the regional spatial dataset using precision, recall and fi-score testing accuracy value 0.92%, and macro avg value 0.94%, weighted avg value 0.93%
Improving visual perception through technology: a comparative analysis of real-time visual aid systems
Full text linkVisually impaired individuals continue to face barriers in accessing reading and listening resources. To address these challenges, we present a comparative analysis of cutting-edge technological solutions designed to assist people with visual impairments by providing relevant feedback and effective support. Our study examines various models leveraging InceptionV3 and V4 architectures, long short-term memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) decoders, and datasets such as Microsoft Common Objects in Context (MSCOCO) 2017. Additionally, we explore the integration of optical character recognition (OCR), translation tools, and image detection techniques, including scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT), speeded-up robust features (SURF), oriented FAST and rotated BRIEF (ORB), and binary robust invariant scalable keypoints (BRISK). Through this analysis, we highlight the advancements and potential of assistive technologies. To assess these solutions, we have implemented a rigorous benchmarking framework evaluating accuracy, usability, response time, robustness, and generalizability. Furthermore, we investigate mobile integration strategies for real-time practical applications. As part of this effort, we have developed a mobile application incorporating features such as automatic captioning, OCR based text recognition, translation, and text-to-audio conversion, enhancing the daily experiences of visually impaired users. Our research focuses on system efficiency, user accessibility, and potential improvements, paving the way for future innovations in assistive technology
Prediction of heart disease using random forest algorithm, support vector machine, and neural network
Full text linkThe heart is a vital organ responsible for pumping blood throughout the human body. Machine learning has become an increasingly important tool in medical forecasting, improving diagnostic accuracy and reducing human errors. This study focuses on detecting heart disease using machine learning algorithms. It aims to compare the performance of three key algorithms random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and neural networks (NN), in predicting heart disease. Using a patient dataset with both nominal and numeric attributes, record mining techniques were applied through Orange software. The target classes indicated the absence (0) or presence (1) of heart disorders. The evaluation was based on the prediction accuracy of each algorithm. Results show that SVM achieved the highest accuracy, with a rate of 85%, outperforming RF and NN. The findings suggest that the SVM algorithm is a reliable tool for heart disease prediction, helping reduce diagnostic errors and improve medical decision-making
NAT64 vs SIIT: performance and scalability study for VoIP services
Full text linkThe growing demand for IP addresses, driven by the proliferation of devices, has depleted the internet protocol (IP) version 6 (IPv6) reserves of some regional internet registries (RIRs). It is imperative to migrate to IPv6, offering an extended addressing space. This transition is no longer a choice but a necessity due to the exhaustion of IP version 4 (IPv4) addresses. The internet engineering task force (IETF) has implemented various transition strategies, such as the use of dual stack, IPv6-in-IPv4 tunnels, and address translation, due to the inconsistency between the two versions of the IP (IPv4 and IPv6). IPv4/IPv6 address translation mechanisms are crucial for the coexistence of networks using both protocols, with scalability playing a central role. Although these mechanisms offer advantages such as optimizing addressing space, their ability to scale effectively must be evaluated, especially in demanding scenarios such as voice over IP (VoIP). This article examines the scalability of two mechanisms, network address translation 64 (NAT64) and stateless IP/internet control message protocol (ICMP) translation (SIIT), in terms of VoIP clients in the graphical network simulator 3 (GNS3) environment. The results indicate that the SIIT mechanism is more performant and scalable than NAT64 in all measured parameters
Adaptive diving depth control system for the drifting autonomous underwater vehicle
Full text linkThis article considers the system for controlling the diving depth of a drifting autonomous underwater vehicle (DAUV), which navigates underwater under the influence of sea currents in order to collect scientific information. The paper solves the problem of identifying non-stationary hydrodynamic parameters of the DAUV with the aim of adaptive adjustment of the DAUV control algorithm to increase the accuracy of bringing the DAUV to a given depth and minimizing the consumption of electricity consumed by power actuators. The solution to the problem is based on the use of parametric identification apparatus and adaptive control principles. The high quality of the DAUV diving depth control is achieved through the use of the method of adaptive adjustment of the parameters of the DAUV program model. The use of parametric identification of the hydrodynamic parameters of the DAUV made it possible to quickly adjust the corrective link in the control chain of the executing mechanism of the DAUV. The developed computer models and a set of semi-realistic tests made it possible to choose the most acceptable identification algorithm and configure the software implementation of the DAUV diving depth control law
Visible light communication for rapid monitoring of environmental changes using thin film solar cells
Full text linkThis study investigates the use of visible light communication (VLC) for rapid environmental monitoring by leveraging thin film solar cells as signal receivers. VLC, which employs visible light for data transmission, presents an energy-efficient and eco-friendly approach for real-time monitoring. Thin-film solar cells, recognized for their efficiency and low-light performance, function both as environmental sensors and VLC signal receivers. We conducted experiments to evaluate the system's performance across various environmental conditions, such as light intensity and temperature changes. Our findings indicate that thin-film solar cells can swiftly and accurately detect environmental changes while maintaining a low bit error rate for VLC data. The system also shows high responsiveness to rapid light variations, making it well-suited for dynamic monitoring tasks like air quality, humidity, and forest fire detection. This research highlights VLC technology's significant potential for environmental monitoring applications requiring quick, real-time data transmission, and energy efficiency with thin-film solar cells. The integration of this technology promises to enhance environmental monitoring systems, contributing to climate change mitigation and improved environmental management, and sets the stage for developing advanced, sustainable solutions in wireless communication and ecological monitoring
A compact triband patch antenna design at terahertz frequencies
Full text linkThe rapid evolution of terahertz (THz) technology has fueled an increasing demand for efficient, compact, and adaptable antennas that can function for a number of frequency bands in the THz spectral regime. This research outlines the analyses and design process of a multiband antenna for THz applications. Initially, an antenna with a single frequency band is created without any slot, with its lower resonant mode functions at a singular frequency of 171 GHz. To achieve multiband functionality, various rectangular slots can be added into the microstrip antenna’s radiating element. The suggested structure is constructed on a polyimide substrate, while its radiating elements are crafted from copper, with a compact size of 1.4×1.1×0.14 mm. It can achieve a reflection coefficient of −30.38 dB, −33.37 dB, and −19.33 dB at 123 GHz, 168 GHz, and 182 GHz, respectively. Furthermore, the antenna yields favorable gains at the respective frequencies, measuring 3.97 dB, 4.34 dB, and 5.66 dB for 0.123, 0.168, and 0.182 THz respectively. Additionally, the antenna demonstrates high efficiencies of 81.5%, 85%, and 91.2%, respectively. Hence, the suggested THz antenna will be useful for surveillance radar (123 GHz), medical imaging (168 GHz), and radio astronomy (182 GHz) applications
Substrate thickness variation on the frequency response of microstrip antenna for mm-wave application
Full text linkSubstrate height (Hs) is an important parameter that influences antenna propagation. This research designed a low-profile 28 GHz microstrip antenna on a polyimide substrate with varying Hs using CST Studio software. The simulated results and MINITAB software were used to develop regression model equations, which analyzed the impact of Hs variation on the antenna performance. The proposed models’ equations have indicated an increase in average responses of resonant frequency (Fr), percentage bandwidth (% BW), gain (G), return loss (RL), and efficiency (ƞ) as the Hs decreased. The antenna achieved a BW of 3.87 GHz at Hs 0.525 mm and 5.54 GHz at 0.025 mm, a G of 3.89 dBi at Hs 0.525 mm and 3.91 dBi at Hs 0.025 mm, and an ƞ of 94.19% at Hs 0.525 mm and 98.24% at Hs 0.025 mm. The antenna was fabricated and tested, and the experimental results were validated with the models’ equations. The thinner substrate resulted in an improvement in the antenna performance