National Documentation Centre on Drug Use
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The influence of alcohol on prehospital diagnostics and therapy of injured patients.
No full textBACKGROUND: The prehospital assessment and subsequent therapeutic interventions are crucial for the optimal management of severely injured patients. Many trauma patients are alcohol-intoxicated. Therefore, this study investigated the prehospital assessment of the injury pattern and management of alcohol-intoxicated patients.
METHODS: In a retrospective matched-pair analysis of TraumaRegister DGU® data patients from 2015 to 2018 with a blood alcohol level (BAL+) > 1.0‰ and without a blood alcohol level (BAL-: 0.0‰) were investigated, matched by age, gender, injured region, and mechanism. We evaluated injury assessment, prehospital therapy, and transport modalities.
RESULTS: A total of 6468 patients (3234 BAL-, 3234 BAL+) were included. Head injuries were common (56.9%), but BAL+ patients were significantly less often correctly assessed with regard to head (BAL-: 77.8% vs. BAL+: 74.2%) and facial (BAL-: 75.4% vs. BAL+: 70.0%, p < 0.001) injuries. Head and facial injuries were significantly more often improperly overdiagnosed in alcohol-intoxicated patients (head: BAL-: 13.9% vs. BAL+: 21.4%, p < 0.05; face: BAL-: 19.8% vs. BAL+: 24.3%, p < 0.001), and the diagnosis of actual head injuries was underdiagnosed significantly more often in patients with BAL+. Alcohol-intoxicated patients were sedated (BAL-: 64.9% vs. BAL+: 55.6%, p < 0.001) and intubated (BAL-: 39.0% vs. BAL+: 28.3%, p < 0.001) significantly less often and received significantly less fluid therapy (BAL-: 92.6% vs. BAL+: 90.3%, p < 0.001), catecholamines (BAL-: 12.7% vs. BAL+: 8.5%, p < 0.001), or tranexamic acid (BAL-: 10.3% vs. BAL+: 6.3%, p < 0.001). Admission of alcohol-intoxicated patients to hospital was significantly more frequent at weekends and at night, and more frequent in regional and local trauma centers than in supraregional trauma centers.
CONCLUSIONS: There were significant differences in the prehospital assessment of head injuries between alcohol-intoxicated and nonalcohol-intoxicated patients. Alcohol-intoxicated patients were significantly less often correctly assessed, and alcohol-intoxicated patients received fewer prehospital therapeutic interventions
ACMD report – A review of the evidence on the use and harms of etomidate and related compounds.
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The impact of college students' physical exercise on negative emotion: the chain mediating role of self-efficacy and smartphone addiction.
No full textOBJECTIVE: Against the backdrop of widespread smartphone adoption, rising student stress levels, and the increasing prevalence of negative emotions, this study employs a chain-mediation model to investigate the relationship between physical exercise and negative emotions among university students. It further elucidates the mediating roles of self-efficacy and smartphone addiction in this association.
METHODS: Data from the 2022 China Physical Activity and Health Longitudinal Survey (CPAHLS-CS) were used, involving a sample of 16,355 college students from East China and Central China. Measurements were taken using the Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), the Physical Activity Self-Efficacy Scale (PASS), and the Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale (MPATS). Descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and chain mediation effect testing were performed using SPSS 27.0, Excel, and the PROCESS plugin, controlling for confounding variables such as gender, grade, region, and age.
RESULTS: The study found a significant negative correlation between physical exercise and negative emotions in university students (r = -0.564, p < 0.001). Self-efficacy and smartphone addiction both played significant mediating roles in the relationship between physical exercise and negative emotion. The mediation effects included independent mediation by self-efficacy and smartphone addiction, as well as a chain mediation effect between the two, with effect sizes of 0.005 and -0.017, respectively.
CONCLUSION: This study offers a novel theoretical perspective on the relationship between physical exercise and negative emotions, elucidating the associations among physical exercise, self-efficacy, smartphone addiction, and negative emotions. The findings suggest that physical exercise may regulate negative emotions by enhancing self-efficacy and mitigating smartphone addiction, thereby providing empirical support for mental health intervention practices within the university student population
Dáil Éireann debate. Questions 1007, 1008, 1009, 1010, 1027, 1028, 1029, 1030, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1049, 1050, 1051, 1052, 1066, 1067, 1068, 1069, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1114, 1115, 1122, 1123, 1124, 1125, 1129, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138 – Health strategies [Regions & communities] [7601/26, 7602/26, 7603/26, 7604/26, 7701/26, 7702/26, 7703/26, 7704/26, 7707/26, 7708/26, 7709/26, 7710/26, 7753/26, 7754/26, 7755/26, 7756/26, 7836/26, 7837/26, 7838/26, 7839/26, 8232/26, 8233/26, 823426, 823526, 8236/26, 8257/26, 8258/26, 8259/26, 8260/26, 8316/26, 8357/26, 8358/26, 8359/26, 8360/26].
No full textIncidents with recreational nitrous oxide use before and after legislation: poisonings and police incidents in the Netherlands between 2020 and 2025.
No full textOBJECTIVE: In the Netherlands, a legislative amendment announced on December 9th 2019, banned the production, sale, purchase, and possession of nitrous oxide (N₂O) for recreational use, and became effective January 1st 2023. This study examined the impact of this policy change on the number of nitrous oxide-related health and police incidents.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of nitrous oxide-related incidents between 2020 and 2025 (up to September), including exposures reported to the Dutch Poisons Information Center and incidents recorded by the Netherlands Police. Interrupted time series analyses were conducted.
RESULTS: In total, 431 exposures and 150,623 police incidents were identified. Exposures and incidents were highest in 2020 (N = 144 and N = 41,644) and declined in 2022 (N = 72 and N = 28,972, p < 0.05), and, more pronounced, in 2023 (N = 23 and N = 9363, p < 0.001). In 2024 and 2025 an increase was observed (p < 0.001), although absolute numbers remained below pre-legislation levels (2024: N = 48 and N = 16,929). The median age of exposed patients was 23 years; 59% were male, 66% reported heavy use, and 39% exhibited signs of peripheral neuropathy. Most police incidents involved public disorder (70%), traffic offences (17%), and possession or trade (8%). Following criminalisation of possession or trade in 2023, police cases rose from N = 452 in 2022 to N = 3,798 (2% versus 22% of all NO-related incidents) in 2024.
CONCLUSIONS: Nitrous oxide-related incidents were declining prior to legislation in 2023 and decreased further in 2023. Although numbers rose again in 2024 and 2025, they remained below 2020-2022 levels. Ongoing monitoring is needed to evaluate long-term effects
