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Taking stock and setting directions on timely organizational phenomena:Artificial intelligence, indigeneity, precarious work, and multi-level theorizing
Get PDFThis inaugural critical reviews special issue marks a deliberate step in renewing what Human Relations has always stood for: a broad, rigorous, and human-centered conversation about work and organizing. Our aim with this special issue is therefore twofold: to take stock and to set direction. By curating critical, integrative reviews on select but timely topics, we map the evolution of debates, clarify where concepts and methods need to realign, and chart agendas that advance our understanding of the human side of organizational life. The four articles featured in this inaugural issue exemplify the intellectual breadth and critical depth that define Human Relations. Each engages a core tension of contemporary organizing; how multilevel systems interact in strategic human resource management; how colonial legacies shape Indigenous experiences of work; how precarity redefines the meaning and politics of labor; and how algorithmic technologies transform the inequalities embedded in hiring and organizational life. Read collectively, these contributions illuminate the diversity of themes, methods, and theoretical traditions that animate our journal, while also revealing a shared pursuit: understanding what it means to be human in the evolving relations of work, organization, and society.</p
Dynamic Aggregation Strategy for Distributed Resources Considering Strong Coupling With Residential Behavior
Get PDFThe uncertainty of distributed resource (DR) aggregation responses has become a key bottleneck restricting the reliable scheduling of virtual power plants (VPPs). To mitigate this uncertainty, this paper explores the strong coupling between residential behavior and the adjustable capability of distributed resources, and proposes a dynamic aggregation strategy that accounts for such coupling. First, the concept of Behavior-sensitive Distributed Resources (BDRs) is proposed and defined, where resources whose adjustable capability is significantly influenced by the number of residential users are categorized as BDRs. By applying the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), this study, for the first time, reveals the daily periodic characteristics of BDRs. Subsequently, a segmented confidence interval estimation method is introduced, which, in conjunction with the daily periodicity of BDRs, enables precise characterization of adjustable capability across different time periods, thus improving the accuracy of response capability modeling. An improved two-stage greedy aggregation algorithm is then designed to simultaneously reduce the uncertainty of VPP adjustable capability after aggregation and optimize economic performance. Finally, the strategy is validated using real-world data from a resource set that includes three representative types of BDRs: electric vehicle (EV) charging stations, commercial lighting (CL), and office building heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. The results demonstrate that, compared to existing approaches, the proposed aggregation strategy reduces VPP response uncertainty by over 22.63% and lowers aggregation cost by an average of 8.44%, thereby confirming its advantages in enhancing both grid reliability and economic efficiency.</p
Tunable DNA binding on graphene oxide <i>via</i> polyethyleneimine topology and density:mechanistic insights for nonviral gene delivery
Get PDFGraphene oxide (GO) functionalized with polyethyleneimine (PEI) is a promising platform for nonviral gene delivery, yet the effects of polymer architecture and surface density on DNA binding remain poorly understood. Here, we use extensive all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, including free energy calculations, to elucidate how the topology (linear vs. branched) and grafting density of PEI govern DNA adsorption on GO surfaces. By systematically varying the nitrogen-to-phosphate (N/P) ratio through adjustments in surface amine density, we study the direct impact of this parameter between DNA and GO–PEI interactions. In contrast to common understanding, our potential of mean force (PMF) analysis reveals a non-monotonic relationship between PEI coverage and DNA binding affinity, with intermediate densities yielding the strongest yet reversible interactions. This behavior results from a balance between favorable electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions and opposing steric and electrostatic repulsion, amplified by ionic screening at higher densities. Radial distribution function (RDF) analysis confirms the formation of dense chloride ion shells at high PEI densities, which inhibit DNA approach by neutralizing surface charge. We also show that topology plays a key role: branched PEI engages DNA more effectively through multivalent interactions within the grooves, while linear PEI binds more diffusely along the phosphate backbone. These mechanistic insights highlight the critical role of polymer structure and coverage in modulating DNA binding, offering design principles for optimizing GO-based gene delivery systems.</p
Dynamic Aggregation Strategy for Distributed Resources Considering Strong Coupling With Residential Behavior
Get PDFThe uncertainty of distributed resource (DR) aggregation responses has become a key bottleneck restricting the reliable scheduling of virtual power plants (VPPs). To mitigate this uncertainty, this paper explores the strong coupling between residential behavior and the adjustable capability of distributed resources, and proposes a dynamic aggregation strategy that accounts for such coupling. First, the concept of Behavior-sensitive Distributed Resources (BDRs) is proposed and defined, where resources whose adjustable capability is significantly influenced by the number of residential users are categorized as BDRs. By applying the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), this study, for the first time, reveals the daily periodic characteristics of BDRs. Subsequently, a segmented confidence interval estimation method is introduced, which, in conjunction with the daily periodicity of BDRs, enables precise characterization of adjustable capability across different time periods, thus improving the accuracy of response capability modeling. An improved two-stage greedy aggregation algorithm is then designed to simultaneously reduce the uncertainty of VPP adjustable capability after aggregation and optimize economic performance. Finally, the strategy is validated using real-world data from a resource set that includes three representative types of BDRs: electric vehicle (EV) charging stations, commercial lighting (CL), and office building heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. The results demonstrate that, compared to existing approaches, the proposed aggregation strategy reduces VPP response uncertainty by over 22.63% and lowers aggregation cost by an average of 8.44%, thereby confirming its advantages in enhancing both grid reliability and economic efficiency.</p
Dislocation-enhanced pyroelectricity in barium titanate
Get PDFPyroelectric materials hold significant promise for thermal sensing, imaging, and energy harvesting, with the pyroelectric coefficient serving as the key figure of merit. While intrinsic lattice optimization, particularly through zero-dimensional point defects, has improved pyroelectric properties, extrinsic contributions from mobile ferroelectric domain walls have remained underexplored. Here, a dislocation-based one-dimensional mechanical doping strategy is proposed to enhance the pyroelectric response of classical ferroelectric BaTiO 3 single crystals. By employing high-temperature plastic deformation, anisotropic dislocation networks are produced that introduce localized stress concentrations and thermal expansion/contraction effects, which amplify domain-wall motion. These directional strain fields, combined with phonon–dislocation interactions, lead to an anisotropic coupling of thermal and electrical fields. While the enhanced phonon scattering reduces thermal conductivity, the strong dislocation–domain-wall coupling leads to an increase in the temperature sensitivity of polarization and accelerates domain switching, effectively compensating for the reduced heat transport. As a result, the maximum pyroelectric coefficient exceeds 600 nC cm − 2 K − 1, representing a 38-fold increase compared to the undeformed counterpart. Structural evolution is revealed by synchrotron scanning X-ray diffraction microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, while multiscale phase-field simulations corroborate the underlying mechanism. Our work establishes dislocation engineering as an effective new pathway towards domain-wall-mediated enhancement of pyroelectric functionality.</p
Response to Dr Zittermann
Get PDFThis article relates to - Functional effect of physical exercise on calcium metabolismArmin ZittermannVolume 603Issue 5The Journal of Physiology pages: 1323-1323 First Published online: January 2, 2025The effect of an acute bout of exercise on circulating vitamin D metabolite concentrations: a randomised crossover study in healthy adultsSophie E. Davies, Oliver J. Perkin, James A. Betts, Javier T. Gonzalez, Martin Hewison, Carl Jenkinson, Kerry S. Jones, Sarah R. Meadows, Damon A. Parkington, Albert Koulman, Dylan ThompsonVolume 602Issue 17The Journal of Physiology pages: 4157-4170 First Published online: August 4, 202
Improving National and International Surveillance of Movement Behaviours in Childhood and Adolescence:An International Modified Delphi Study
Get PDFBACKGROUND: The actions required to achieve higher-quality and harmonised global surveillance of child and adolescent movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour including screen time, sleep) are unclear.OBJECTIVE: To identify how to improve surveillance of movement behaviours, from the perspective of experts.METHODS: This Delphi Study involved 62 experts from the SUNRISE International Study of Movement Behaviours in the Early Years and Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance (AHKGA). Two survey rounds were used, with items categorised under: (1) funding, (2) capacity building, (3) methods, and (4) other issues (e.g., policymaker awareness of relevant WHO Guidelines and Strategies). Expert participants ranked 40 items on a five-point Likert scale from 'extremely' to 'not at all' important. Consensus was defined as > 70% rating of 'extremely' or 'very' important.RESULTS: We received 62 responses to round 1 of the survey and 59 to round 2. There was consensus for most items. The two highest rated round 2 items in each category were the following; for funding (1) it was greater funding for surveillance and public funding of surveillance; for capacity building (2) it was increased human capacity for surveillance (e.g. knowledge, skills) and regional or global partnerships to support national surveillance; for methods (3) it was standard protocols for surveillance measures and improved measurement method for screen time; and for other issues (4) it was greater awareness of physical activity guidelines and strategies from WHO and greater awareness of the importance of surveillance for NCD prevention. We generally found no significant differences in priorities between low-middle-income (n = 29) and high-income countries (n = 30) or between SUNRISE (n = 20), AHKGA (n = 26) or both (n = 13) initiatives. There was a lack of agreement on using private funding for surveillance or surveillance research.CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a prioritised and international consensus list of actions required to improve surveillance of movement behaviours in children and adolescents globally.</p
Signaling Quality:How Refund Bonuses Can Overcome Information Asymmetries in Crowdfunding
Get PDFCrowdfunding can suffer from information asymmetry, leaving some investors disappointed with low-quality projects, whereas other high-quality projects remain unfunded. We show that refund bonuses, which provide investors a payment if a fundraising campaign is unsuccessful, can signal project quality and help overcome the market failure in crowdfunding. Because strong projects have a lower risk of bonus payout, entrepreneurs with strong projects are more likely to offer bonuses. This signals high quality to investors, and due to their updated beliefs, this drives investment toward such projects. An experiment provides supporting empirical evidence for the benefits of this signaling solution to the problems of information asymmetry in crowdfunding
Scores for Multivariate Distributions and Level Sets
Get PDFForecasts of multivariate probability distributions are required for a variety of applications. Scoring rules enable the evaluation of forecast accuracy and comparison between forecasting methods. We propose a theoretical framework for scoring rules for multivariate distributions that encompasses the existing quadratic score and multivariate continuous ranked probability score. We demonstrate how this framework can be used to generate new scoring rules. In some multivariate contexts, it is a forecast of a level set that is needed, such as a density level set for anomaly detection or the level set of the cumulative distribution as a measure of risk. This motivates consideration of scoring functions for such level sets. For univariate distributions, it is well established that the continuous ranked probability score can be expressed as the integral over a quantile score. We show that, in a similar way, scoring rules for multivariate distributions can be decomposed to obtain scoring functions for level sets. Using this, we present scoring functions for different types of level sets, including density level sets and level sets for cumulative distributions. To compute the scores, we propose a simple numerical algorithm. We perform a simulation study to support our proposals, and we use real data to illustrate usefulness for forecast combining and conditional value at risk estimation
Optimal Planning of Distribution Systems and Charging Stations Considering PV-Grid-EV Transactions
Get PDFUncertainties associated with large-scale deployment of electric vehicles (EVs) and photovoltaic (PV) pose challenges to distribution network expansion planning (DNEP). This paper proposes an optimal planning method for EV charging stations (EVCS) and distribution systems to accommodate the ever-increasing uncertainties. It is achieved by entailing PV-grid-EV transactions, which enables EVCS and PV prosumers to trade energy to make profits while complying with grid securities. It offers a cost-effective operational alternative to long-term planning, which would otherwise result in PV curtailment or unnecessary DNEP. The transactive market operates on a peer-to-peer (P2P) basis and is cleared via a decentralized algorithm to protect privacy and enable autonomous decision-making. EVCS is incentivized by a designed network charge, quantifying its impact on adhering to security constraints from both long-term and short-term perspectives. Considering EV users&#x2019; charging decisions, we derive optimal EV charging prices to regulate EV charging flow. We employ multiple linearization techniques to ensure the convergence of the non-convex model. Results demonstrate that the proposed method enables the distribution networks to accommodate the large-scale integration of EV and PV more effectively.</p
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