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Carbon capability survey 2024
No full textThis survey dataset analyses the ‘carbon capability’ of a representative sample of the UK population (n = 2001). The focus is on attitudes and behaviours, as well as norms and structural factors which enable and constrain individuals’ ability to lead low-carbon lifestyles. The sample is representative of age, gender, region, education and ethnicity. Participants responded to questions spanning the main components of household-level carbon footprints: energy use, transportation, food and diet, and shopping habits. The survey was designed to enable the calculation of individual-level carbon footprints. Questions on the role of influence and citizenship with respect to climate change are also included
High-Order Mode Harmonic Investigation in Electromagnetic Noise Analysis of Outer-Rotor In-Wheel Motors Using Multiple Basic Slot/Pole Combinations
Get PDFElectromagnetic (EM) noise radiated by the rotor is a key point in the analysis of outer-rotor (OR) in-wheel motors (IWMs). Previous research only focused on the EM forces while lacking enough insight into the harmonic characteristics of mode shapes. This paper highlights the impact of the high-order mode harmonics of OR-IWMs caused by the use of multiple basic slot/pole combinations. Focusing on a 72-slot/80-pole OR-IWM, the coupled-field finite element analysis (FEA), consisting of a 2-dimensional EM model and a 3-dimensional structural model of the rotor assembly, is built to predict the main EM noises. It is found that identifying the primary EM forces causing the noises is challenging because the existing force modulation theory oversimplifies the spatial characteristics of modes. An analytical model is proposed to analyze the mode shapes of OR-IWMs in terms of mode harmonics. The investigation reveals that the unsymmetric OR structure can generate high-order mode harmonics within modes that are traditionally considered to be low-order. Furthermore, the equivalent radiated power levels generated by the high-order mode harmonics are assessed, and the primary contributing force harmonics are determined. The prototype of the studied IWM is manufactured, and sound pressure is measured for validation.</p
New tertiary phosphane appended Ag<sup>Ⅰ</sup> 3-ethoxycyclobutene-4-thiolates:Insights into phosphane denticity effect on electrocatalytic water splitting properties
Get PDFThree new heteroleptic AgⅠ dithiolate complexes [Ag (PPh3)2 mtsq] (Ag–P), [Ag2(dppe)2 (mtsq)2] (Ag-E) and [Ag2(dppf)2(mtsq)2] (Ag–F), (PPh3 = triphenylphosphane, dppe = 1,2-bis-(diphenylphosphino)ethane, dppf = 1,1′-bis-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene, mstq = 3-ethoxycyclobutenedione-4-thiolate) have been synthesized and characterized. The single crystal X-ray diffraction study for Ag–P reveals a trigonal planar geometry around the AgⅠ center satisfied by sulfur of mtsq and phosphorus centers of two PPh3 ligands. Ag–F is a centrosymmetric dimer, wherein the distorted tetrahedral geometry around the two AgⅠ centers is satisfied by two sulfur centers of two mtsq ligands in bridging mode and two phosphorus centers of dppf ligands each. Furthermore, these complexes have been used as electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in 1.0 M KOH and 0.5 M H2SO4, respectively. Amongst all three complexes Ag–P has the best electrocatalytic performance. In the OER, Ag–P exhibits an onset potential of 1.56 V with η10 of 520 mV and a Tafel slope of 108 mV∙dec−1, while in HER it displays an onset potential of −0.56 V with η10 of −660 mV and a Tafel slope of 137 mV∙dec−1. MEP surface analysis shows that all three complexes exhibit superior OER activity than their corresponding HER performance. Density of states and adsorption energy calculations further reveal that the Ag–P possess a narrower band gap and higher adsorption energies for the key intermediates than Ag-E and Ag–F and hence accounting for its relatively enhanced electrocatalytic activity.</p
A direct current droplet-based triboelectric nanogenerator with a suspended probe and an exposed lower electrode
Get PDFDirect current triboelectric nanogenerators (DC-TENGs) are able to facilitate both capacitor charging and operation of power-consuming devices without requiring any external rectification, thereby demonstrating significant practical potential. However, the working mechanism of droplet-based DC-TENGs remains insufficiently understood. In this study, we propose a novel direct current droplet-based triboelectric nanogenerator (DC-D-TENG) that features an air-suspended upper probe electrode. It was found that the duration of the droplet's simultaneous contact with the suspended probe and friction layer was the critical determinant of the type of power that is generated. When the electrode is suspended at a height of 2.5 mm, the device generates a stable DC output, achieving a maximum transferred charge of 32.5 nC per droplet. Remarkably, without the need for a rectifier, a 2.2 μF capacitor can be charged to 23 V within 120 s by operating 24 devices in parallel. This device can stably generate DC power output from various water sources, demonstrating the feasibility of utilizing droplet energy for electrical power generation in diverse outdoor environments and enabling direct sensing, alerting, and monitoring functions without the need for a rectifier.</p
The status of development and development studies:Proceedings of the 50th anniversary symposium of the Centre for Development Studies at the University of Bath.
No full textThe symposium brought together past and present staff and students of development studies at the University of Bath to participate in two panel-led sessions: the first on the current state of international development practice and the second on prospects for development studies. This summary includes edited versions of what each panel members said, and of the discussions these triggered. The event was opened by Phil Taylor, the University of Bath’s Vice Chancellor, who declared a strong interest in international development issues stemming from his early research into appropriate renewable energy systems for remote areas. He noted that CDS at fifty continues to thrive and grow, delivering research funded from prestigious sources including UKRI, the European Research Council, and Leverhulme Trust. Aurelie Charles, Co-director of CDS, elaborated on current activities of CDS. Ongoing research projects cover humanitarian action and the politics of famine, sustainability of food and critical minerals value chains, China’s investment in green development, and business start-ups in South Africa’s townships. Teaching also continues to thrive, with around two thousand students now having graduated from Bath with a degree that includes ‘development’ in its title (see Appendix). She drew particular attention to the value of alumni support for student work placements and doctoral field work through the Bath Research into Development (BRID) Fund
A critical policy analysis through a capability lens of Kenya's Free Day Secondary Education policy and the expansion of girls' freedoms.
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