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TIM3 is a context-dependent coregulator of cytotoxic T cell function
Get PDFTIM3 is a coregulatory receptor that is highly abundant on multiple immune cell types, including T cells in response to prolonged exposure to antigen, and it marks functionally suppressed cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in the tumor microenvironment. TIM3 exhibits inhibitory function in vivo but paradoxically has costimulatory T cell signaling capability in vitro. Here, we found that TIM3 directly inhibited the function of murine and human CTLs in direct interaction with target tumor cell spheroids. TIM3 regulated the ability of suppressed CTLs to polarize their actin cytoskeleton as a required step in cytolysis. Whereas the expression of the proposed TIM3 ligands CEACAM1 and galectin 9 in trans on target tumor cells enhanced TIM3 function, expression of CEACAM1 in cis on CTLs had the opposite effect. TIM3 functioned as an inhibitory receptor on spheroid-suppressed CTLs but not on active CTLs in a two-dimensional tissue culture model. Together, these data suggest that TIM3 enhances T cell function, serving as either a coinhibitory or costimulatory receptor depending on the functional context of the T cell on which it is expressed.</p
Design of a High-Order Mode Corrugated Slow Wave Structure With Large Beam Tunnel for Traveling Wave Tube
Get PDFIn the millimeter wave and terahertz band, the size of vacuum electronic devices becomes small, typically close to the wavelength, which poses a great challenge to manufacturing and assembly. High-order mode operation allows for comparatively larger circuit dimensions at the expense of mode competition. Here, we report on the development of a corrugated slow wave structure (CSWS) that is placed outside the E -plane of the rectangular waveguide. The likely TM11 mode is excited in the CSWS during TE10 -mode excitation, and a high-order hybrid operating mode is achieved. The transmission characteristics of the fundamental mode and high-order hybrid mode in a high-frequency circuit are obtained simultaneously in this Ka-band experiment. As a result of the strong longitudinal electric field component of the hybrid mode in this CSWS, the radius of the beam tunnel can be increased by approximately 60%. Meanwhile, the mode competition can be effectively suppressed with the increase in the size of CSWS. A 1-THz traveling wave tube (TWT) operating near a phase of 505° is designed to compare with the size of the beam tunnel. The diameter of the beam tunnel can reach up to 0.1 mm. The simulation results show that the maximum output power is 1.12 W at 1028 GHz, and the -3-dB bandwidth (BW) is 7 GHz.</p
From Groupthink to Resilience: Channelling Financial Flows for Sustainable Development:Harnessing group dynamics to align financial flows with life, equity, and planetary resilience
Get PDFThis policy report, based on Charles (2025), explores how groupthink and collective biases shape financial flows, leading to inequality, fragility, and ecological risk. It argues for systemic reforms in financial governance to rechannel earnings toward sustainable outcomes, using the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a case study. The central argument is that group behaviour, embedded in individual decisions, drives financial accumulation. These collective biases generate bubbles of resource accumulation, distort financial flows, and undermine the resilience of the entire economic system. To build sustainable earnings that support the green transition, policymakers must adopt a group perspective in financial governance, moving beyond GDP-centric metrics and embrace systemic approaches that rebalance ecological and social entitlements
Deep recurrent-convolutional neural network learning and physics Kalman filtering comparison in dynamic load identification
Get PDFThe dynamic structural load identification capabilities of the gated recurrent unit, long short-term memory, and convolutional neural networks are examined herein. The examination is on realistic small dataset training conditions and on a comparative view to the physics-based residual Kalman filter (RKF). The dynamic load identification suffers from the uncertainty related to obtaining poor predictions when in civil engineering applications only a low number of tests are performed or are available, or when the structural model is unidentifiable. In considering the methods, first, a simulated structure is investigated under a shaker excitation at the top floor. Second, a building in California is investigated under seismic base excitation, which results in loading for all degrees of freedom. Finally, the International Association for Structural Control-American Society of Civil Engineers (IASC-ASCE) structural health monitoring benchmark problem is examined for impact and instant loading conditions. Importantly, the methods are shown to outperform each other on different loading scenarios, while the RKF is shown to outperform the networks in physically parametrized identifiable cases
Institutional and Cultural Determinants of Corporate Deals: Exploring the Role of Board Reforms, Gender Equality, and Disclosure Standards
No full textData sets for "Titanium phosphate glasses: Beyond tetrahedral network structures"
No full textData sets used to prepare Figures 5, 7-11, 13 and S4-S7 in the Journal of Chemical Physics article entitled "Titanium phosphate glasses: Beyond tetrahedral network structures." The data sets describe the structure of glasses in the TiO2-P2O5 system as (i) measured using neutron and high-energy x-ray diffraction, Raman scattering and 31P solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and (ii) simulated using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD). They also give the predictions of an analytical model for the glass structure and a comparison of these predictions with the results obtained from the diffraction and AIMD results
Promoting Sustainable Land Management:An Innovative Approach to Land-Take Decision-Making
Get PDFLand degradation presents significant global challenges, threatening natural resources, biodiversity, and food security. Addressing this issue requires more effective land-take decision-making processes, particularly in data-deficient cities where comprehensive land assessment methods are challenging to implement. This study introduces a streamlined land-take decision-making framework designed to promote sustainable land management practices. The framework consists of two key components: the Sustainable Development Index (SDI) for assessing current land-take decisions and the Decision-Making Rubric (DMR) for proposing mitigated solutions. Applied to a pilot case city in India, the framework demonstrated its practical utility by showing that land-take decisions between 2001 and 2021 resulted in a 69 % reduction of natural land cover. If these trends continue, the assessment of the 2031 master plan using SDI indicates that an additional 56 % of the remaining ecosystem-rich areas, which include regions with high biodiversity and ecological value, could be lost by 2031. However, the framework's application could potentially mitigate these impacts, reducing the projected 56 % loss to 14 %, thereby promoting more sustainable and equitable land management practices. The study's aim is to provide decision-makers with a practical tool to improve land identification methods and enhance the sustainability of land-take decisions. This research contributes to the existing body of knowledge by addressing the gap in practical, easily applicable tools for sustainable land management in data-deficient urban contexts
A spatial agent-based approach to simulating the ride-hailing system and its environmental impacts
Get PDFRide-hailing services could potentially optimize vehicle use and reduce emissions. To investigate the diffusion of ride-hailing services and its impacts at the individual level, we proposed a spatial agent-based model, which integrated the supply-demand dynamics, to simulate the behaviors of the service provider, drivers, and users in Shenzhen, China, from 2023 to 2038 in various future scenarios. The results of the baseline scenario (assuming the market would evolve as before from 2023 to 2038) show a 36 % increase in annual ride-hailing usage, a 24.63 % decrease in the average ride-hailing price, and a 73.16 % increase in drivers' compensation. Carbon emissions reduces by 33.13 % (given that ride-hailing services replace existing combined transportation modes). The what-if scenarios show that price and compensation affect the ride-hailing system in the early stages and further its carbon emission reduction potential. The results would be useful for policy making and optimization of a ride-haling system.<br/
Towards deployment-centric multimodal AI beyond vision and language
Get PDFMultimodal artificial intelligence (AI) integrates diverse types of data via machine learning to improve understanding, prediction and decision-making across disciplines such as healthcare, science and engineering. However, most multimodal AI advances focus on models for vision and language data, and their deployability remains a key challenge. We advocate a deployment-centric workflow that incorporates deployment constraints early on to reduce the likelihood of undeployable solutions, complementing data-centric and model-centric approaches. We also emphasize deeper integration across multiple levels of multimodality through stakeholder engagement and interdisciplinary collaboration to broaden the research scope beyond vision and language. To facilitate this approach, we identify common multimodal-AI-specific challenges shared across disciplines and examine three real-world use cases: pandemic response, self-driving car design and climate change adaptation, drawing expertise from healthcare, social science, engineering, science, sustainability and finance. By fostering interdisciplinary dialogue and open research practices, our community can accelerate deployment-centric development for broad societal impact
Between Silence and Service:An Interpretative Phenomenological Study of the Lived Experiences of Funeral Directors and Cemetery Workers
Get PDFThis study explores how Italian funeral home and cemetery workers construct vocational meaning and navigate identity amid constant exposure to death. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 19 participants (12 funeral directors, 7 cemetery workers), exploring emotional labor, motivation, coping, stigma, and ethics. Six themes emerged: (1) emotional labor and detachment, (2) mortality and transformation, (3) stigma and invisibility, (4) vocational ethics and care, (5) unique challenges for cemetery workers, and (6) institutional barriers for funeral directors. Despite low social prestige, participants expressed a strong sense of calling and deep ethical commitment. Their narratives reveal a complex professional identity shaped by emotional depth, moral responsibility, and silent service. This study contributes to the vocational behavior literature by shedding light on meaningful work and identity formation in stigmatized, death-related professions.</p
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