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Investigation of Non-Inductive Bifilar Pancake SFCL Losses in Electric Aircraft Cryogenic Propulsion
Get PDFSuperconducting powertrain is critical for nextgeneration electric aircraft, allowing for lossless power transmission and significantly increasing efficiency, performance, and range. A superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) is a device on the DC side that uses superconducting materials to control excessive current during faults, thereby protecting the powertrain and enhancing system stability. Among several superconducting fault current limiters (SFCLs), resistive SFCLs (R-SFCLs) have benefits such as compactness, lightweight, high reliability, and a fail-safe nature. When subjected to alternating magnetic fields or currents, superconducting materials exhibit hysteresis, eddy currents, and flux flow effects, which lead to energy dissipation and reduced efficiency. This also applies to RSFCLs operating under normal conditions in the superconducting state, where AC losses occur and require appropriate thermal management to mitigate heat generation and prevent unexpected quenching. DC current ripple and its harmonic contents in an R-SFCL cause additional losses, increasing joule heating and potentially driving the superconductor out of its superconducting state, reducing its efficiency and fault-limiting capability. This research was conducted from two perspectives: theoretical calculations and experiments. The objective is to study the losses in the R-SFCL within the superconducting system, including ripple and harmonic effects, and to determine the design parameters of the R-SFCL cooling system to minimise thermal impacts
Sources of uncertainty and their importance in life cycle assessment and material flow analysis
No full textSocial sustainability in architectural practice:Examining experiences of architectural offices in B-Corp certification in the United Kingdom
Get PDFPurpose: Social sustainability (SS) is one of the key pillars of sustainability along with environmental and economic sustainability. Several impact assessment frameworks (IAF) exist to evaluate sustainability in the built environment, yet SS is often neglected. This paper is the first to investigate the effectiveness of the B-Corp certification scheme as an IAF to promote SS in architectural practice. With almost 3.5 folds increase in the number of B-Corp-certified UK-based architectural offices, in the last two years, and the neglect of the social dimension of sustainability in IAF application; the key question of this research is “What roles does B-Corp play in architectural practice to promote SS in the UK?” Design/methodology/approach: This research is based on qualitative data collection and thematic analysis. Eight semi-structured online interviews were conducted with B-Corp-certified architectural offices in the UK. The interview questions focused on understanding the offices' B-Corp experiences around three categories: motivations, challenges and changes. Through a coding process, the interviews were analysed to find the similarities and differences between the offices' approaches to SS and their experiences as B-Corps. Keywords were identified and themes with an inductive approach, applying the research question as a lens. Findings: Data was analysed to understand how B-Corp and its IAF relate to the architectural offices. The study concluded that B-Corp can make it easier to establish inter-actor relationships and B-Corp’s IAF can provide a holistic approach in which architectural offices can better measure their sustainable values by switching the evaluation scale from “building” to “business” unlike common IFAs in the built environment; with these two roles, it can effectively contribute to social sustainability. Originality/value: It is the first research to introduce the B-Corp certification to the architectural literature. Even though over 90 publications are covering B-Corp in other domains, there has yet to be any research looking at B-Corp-certified architectural offices, its merits as an IAF and limitations. This paper presents novel contributions to the knowledge concerning the assessment of social sustainability in architecture.</p
On the dynamics of intersectional (in)visibility:Women early career researchers negotiating authenticity at work
Get PDFHow do women negotiate and express authenticity in professional contexts where their presence and identities are largely rendered (in)visible? We draw on intersectional invisibility as our conceptual lens to explore how women early career researchers subjectively negotiate authenticity given prevailing conditions of visibility, invisibility and hypervisibility at work. Based on semi-structured interviews with recipients of the Organisation for Women in Science from Developing Countries (OWSD)-Elsevier award, we illuminate how (in)visible conditions shape the subjective negotiation of authenticity, informing the agentic capacity of women researchers to express themselves authentically in professional settings. Our findings reveal the negotiation of authenticity is closely tied to gender performance in a manner that aligns with perceived professionalism. This entails compartmentalising personal values when feeling invisible, experiencing a heightened awareness of context-specific boundaries when visibility increases and enacting adaptive agency when hypervisible. We thus posit authenticity as a continuous process of ongoing identity construction and negotiation rather than a static ideal.</p
Multiplicities of Time in Management and Organizational Research
Get PDFThis paper explores the multiplicity of time in organizational life through the lens of life-history interviews with business elites, conducted as part of a longitudinal Bourdieusian study of power dynamics within French and British business systems. Drawing on Braudel’s concept of the dialectic between the longue durée and l’histoire événementielle, we examine how the professional trajectories of three senior executives - a global asset management CEO, a multinational media CEO, and an energy sector managing director - reveal the interplay between sustained patience and transformative critical incidents. The findings highlight how temporal multiplicity shapes managerial agency and decision-making, demonstrating that organizational lives unfold in rhythms punctuated by pivotal moments requiring reflexive action. In emphasizing the value of patience amid turbulent conditions, we contribute to temporal theorizing in organizational studies by illuminating how historical reflexivity and temporal plurality inform leadership practices and organizational trajectories. This reflection enriches understanding of temporal dynamics that shape contemporary managerial realities
Do Candidates' Policy Positions Matter in Regional Elections?:Evidence from the 2021 Elections to the Welsh Senedd
Get PDFAn oft-cited benefit of candidate-based elections is that voters can hold individual candidates accountable for their issue stances. However, voters may not always be aware of candidates’ policy positions, a concern which becomes especially salient in regional elections. Using mass online survey data and a fixed effects approach, we investigate the extent to which voters were influenced by the policy positions of individual candidates when voting in the 2021 elections to the Welsh Senedd. We find that candidates’ policy positions did matter, but that this effect was small, limited to issues voters deemed to be particularly important, and only emerges among voters with high political interest. That said, our findings also suggest that the influence of candidates’ policy positions on voting behaviour was not substantially smaller when compared to national elections in the UK and elsewhere. We discuss options for improving voter responsiveness to candidates’ issue stances
A data-driven heuristic for the dynamic vehicle routing problem with multiple soft time windows
Get PDFIn the Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problem with Multiple Soft Time Windows (Dynamic VRPMSTW), customer requests arrive in real time and must be scheduled within flexible service intervals. This problem is complicated by operational constraints, such as vehicle capacities, travel durations, and heterogeneous fleets, which make it difficult for classical optimization methods to adapt quickly to changing conditions. Following recent trends in contextual optimization, we propose a Data-Driven Dynamic Heuristic that integrates Artificial Neural Networks for predicting travel times and demands into a Dynamic Hybrid Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search (DD-Dynamic HALNS). Using cluster assignment and genetic crossover operators, the method generates high-quality initial solutions and continuously re-optimizes them as new requests emerge, ensuring adaptability and service reliability. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated on real-world logistics data and benchmark instances. Results from real-world delivery operations demonstrate an average distance reduction of 11.6% compared with the current solution, with further improvements up to 15.5% when a 10-minute time window flexibility is introduced. These findings highlight the practical benefits of integrating predictive analytics with heuristic optimization, leading to improved cost efficiency, reduced operational constraints, and enhanced service reliability.</p
A theory of change approach to enhance the post-2030 sustainable development agenda
Get PDFAs the 2030 deadline for the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) nears and progress remains limited, researchers are proposing measuresto enhance the next, post-2030, agenda to improve implementation (1–3). Withmore proposals expected in future, we argue for a systematic approach to helpresearchers and policy-makers design and assess them. This requires a theory ofchange that explains how and why proposals will improve implementation of thenext agenda, while also considering their political feasibility. We start byconstructing an implicit theory of change underpinning the current 2030 Agenda(4) to revisit how the SDGs were intended to work and identify key successesand failures. We then propose an approach for assessing proposals put forwardto improve the post-2030 agenda on the basis of their impact and feasibility. A better approach is needed to assess potential impact and feasibility of proposals.<p/
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