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The Scythian Campaign of Philip II: A Problem of Reconstruction and Localisation
Get PDFThe article considers the campaign of the Macedonian King Philip II against the Scythians in 339 B.C. The principal objectives of this study were to determine the plans of King Philip II and the balance of the forces of the opposing parties. The study also analysed the course of the military operations and the results of the campaign. The study uses a multifaceted approach to probe the ancient narrative sources. It also makes a content analysis of the data, retrieved from various national scientific schools. The analyses reveal that Philip conducted a military campaign against Ateas with the help of small expeditionary forces that moved from Byzantion to the mouth of the River Istros (Danube). Philip\u27s enemy Ateas was a ruler of a small Scythian kingdom in Dobrudzha. The primary goals of the Macedonian king\u27s campaign were to capture booty and help the local allies. A desire to morally compensate for the unsuccessful completion of the sieges of Perinthos and Byzantion was the central motive of the campaign. The result of the war was determined in a single pitched battle. Despite the defeat of the Scythians in Dobrudzha, Philip could not deliver the captured booty to Macedonia because of the limited forces. The Triballoi captured this booty, and this devalued the success of the whole Scythian campaign
Features of Formation and Development of Azerbaijani Ballet
Get PDFAzerbaijani Ballet does not have a long history of development and formation; however, during the analysed period, that is, in the 40-90s of the 20th century, it has become an essential element of the musical culture, both in Azerbaijan and around the world. An essential feature of this genre of artistic creation is a combination of factors and principles of musical construction and expression of Western-European music and, at the same time, folk music, dance, and mugham intonations. Ballets were devoted to historical events and people as well as modern social processes and their participants. Ballet pieces are being continuously improved. In Azerbaijan, the creation of operas, designed for performance, contributed to the growth of the musical culture of the younger generation, as well as general culture and maturation of people, respecting cultural values and actively using those values in their life benchmarks. Over time, some students who took an active part in the performance of operas have become recognised musicians and were awarded honorary titles such as the honoured artist, People\u27s Artist of the Republic, and these are–Samir Jafarov, Teymur Amrakh, Zaur Amiraslanov, etc
Sarma, Parthjeet (2018) The Radically Changing Nature Of Work, Workers & Workplaces: Using Space As A Starting Point Of Innovation. Mumbai: Become Shakespeare
Get PDFThe Indigenous Small Peoples of the Russian Arctic: Gender Inequality
Get PDFThe article deals with contemporary aspects of gender inequality on the example of indigenous small peoples of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, substantiate its main tendencies and develop directions for achieving gender equality in aboriginal society. Historical analysis of the origins of gender inequality among indigenous small peoples was conducted. In the course of the study, such methods as analysis and synthesis were used to generalise gender inequality; a historical method for understanding its origin; statistical methods for determining modern aspects of inequalities; the logical method was used for making conclusions. The natural and economic circumstances of regions of the Russian Arctic in the context of their influence on gender inequality were provided. The traditional social status and the role of women in the Russian Arctic was studied. The novelty of this study lies in the fact that the topic of gender inequality in the Russian Arctic was practically never discussed before. The survey showed that in indigenous people their mentality and their commitment to traditional nature management play an important role, which, according to the opinion of many aboriginal women, need more support at the state and regional levels, development of folk crafts, the creation of jobs and protection of this territory. The methods of achieving gender equality and improving the status of women of small indigenous peoples of the Russian Arctic were suggested. The conclusions stated what steps need to be taken to overcome gender inequality for women, what should be noted first and what is the key to achieving gender equality
Censorship, or the Wisdom of the Simian Trinity
Get PDFSince early civilisation, mankind has revealed the dual tendency, after acquiring the myriad skills of articulation, to control, repress, edit in subjective and objective terms, that which is naturally expressed by the human mind and body in the varied contexts of myth, history and contemporary, socio-political consciousness. This urge has been simultaneously complemented by that of recording, composing and theorising the paradoxes of censorship through art, literature, philosophy and other pulses of meditation in cultures stretching across the world from the Orient to the Occident, with the implicit hope of counterpointing the gravitational pulls of mutability in mankind’s natural striving to ascend to the infinite beyond
Sanitation and Hygiene of Darjeeling City: A Crisis for Women and Adolescent Girls
Get PDFBy the end of the Millennium Development Goal\u27s target year, 2015, India had been declared as a country, which has made moderate progress in terms of improvement in basic sanitation provision for all. Yet open defecation is still a regular practice of a significant proportion of the population in both urban and rural areas. The Indian government has been trying to address this problem for the last three decades through different programmes. However, though the effort is laudable, in reality, the countrywide situation is not so praiseworthy. Lack of sanitation provisions affects people in different ways with different intensities along the lines of class, gender, age, disability, and marginality. In Darjeeling city, due to lack of proper sanitation facilities, a significant portion of the population uses public toilets, which are less in number compared to the demand. People face a variety of difficulties and hurdles in using public toilets, and as a result, continue to practice open defecation during the night and early morning. Among the users, women and adolescent girls suffer more than the others. Moreover, in this city, a significant portion of the population faces acute water crisis during the dry months. This empirical study tries to explore the different ways through which women and adolescent girls are affected by the lack of safe sanitation facilities within the house premises. The article also argues that lack of sanitation provision should be considered as a matter of violence against women and adolescent girls because the situation makes them vulnerable to the risk of being violated or sexually abused
The Zipf’s Law and Other Ways of Identifying Culture-Specific Linguistics Units
Get PDFEvery language contains a number of linguistic units that serve as a key to understanding the culture of its language speakers. Therefore, they bear specific information that helps to reveal cultural similarities and dissimilarities. Taking into account contemporary studies and focus of the science, this information can be very critical and relevant in intercultural communication. In this paper, we name such linguistic units as cultural keywords. So, we claim that cultural keywords can serve as a tool for intercultural communication. They are indicators for describing and understanding cultures. This can help to study, learn, discuss and describe the cultures of different nations all over the world. In the paper we suggest methodologies to identify cultural keywords. We claim that a methodological basis for the study may consist of three methods: semantic analysis, argumentative analysis and the Zipf\u27s law. However, these are not comprehensive methods for discovering the keywords. Findings of the research can be applied to intercultural and cross-cultural studies as well as other interdisciplinary cultural studies
Structural Shifts and Reform of the Agrarian Sector of the Russian Economy under the Conditions of the Import Substitution Policy
Get PDFThe paper deals with international and Russian structural problems in agriculture. The objective of the paper is the research of structural changes in the agricultural sector of Russia and their change under the effect of the \u27sectoral\u27 sanctions and the food commodity import substitution policy. The theoretical base for this paper has become the works of the scientists dealing with the problems of the structural economic development at the macro level. The nature of the structural shifts in the Russian agrarian sector was discovered, as well as the disproportions in development of different countries, especially those producing the threat to the food supply security and thus the economic safety of the states. The authors have studied the structure of the main commodity groups influencing the solution of the import substitution problem; computed the basic indicators of the corresponding structural shifts; and highlighted the most efficient groups of the agricultural producers. Also, the paper represents the econometric model of the structural shifts and the assessment of the level of self-sufficiency with agricultural production in Russia. The research has been conducted based on the methodology of structural analysis represented in the scientific pursuits of the foreign and national scientists. It also contains the conclusion about the necessity of strengthening the structural policy in the animal husbandry. In particular, import substitution in the sub-branches of the agriculture and food industry should be combined with the export development in the other spheres (based on the methodology of full and efficient use of the available agricultural potential)
Unusual Antonymy: Inter-Part-Of-Speech Interaction in English Fictional Discourse
Get PDFThe article focuses on the phenomenon of inter-part-of-speech antonymy and types of inter-part-of-speech antonymic oppositions typical of the English language and represented in authentic sources, in particular, fiction books of English-speaking writers. The paper analyzes cognitive foundation and linguistic sources of the oppositions in question, describes their range within each part of speech as well as contextual means of intensifying the oppositional contrast. The authors argue that the traditional point of view, according to which only words belonging to one and the same part of speech can form antonymic oppositions, is insufficient and claims that inter-part-of-speech antonymy has a semantical and grammatical nature as it is based on the ability of the language to give different categorial form to the same fragments of reality. The results of the research show that practically all works of fiction include inter-part-of-speech antonymic oppositions, which thus can be treated as a regular language phenomenon. The paper contributes to the theory of parts of speech, giving additional information about their interaction and its cognitive basis. It also enriches the theory of antonymy, proposing a wide approach to antonymic oppositions