Space and Culture, India
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Expansion of Area under Rubber Plantation and its Distribution in Tripura, India
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Rubber plantation was introduced in the state of Tripura in 1963. This state is emerging as an important producer of natural rubber in India, second only to Kerala. This research attempts to assess the role of rubber plantation as a policy intervention by the state to usher in the development of the marginalised population of Tripura. It examines the expansion of the area under rubber plantation and its present distribution pattern in the state. In doing so, it attempts to discuss and analyse the factors responsible for such expansion, distribution and identification of the core areas of concentration of rubber plantation through the use of secondary data, which has been analysed using concentration index.
 
The Influence of Innovative Technologies on the Formation of a New Strategy for the Development of the International Oil and Gas Business
No full textThis article is devoted to the urgent problem of forming a new strategy for the development of the international oil and gas business in the context of the global impact of innovative technologies. The authors have identified a complex and multi-aspect nature of the interconnection between innovation and economic development. It is noted that modern models of economic growth and development of the international oil and gas business, which are aimed at an adequate reflection of reality, must necessarily take into account the phenomenon of innovation and their diffusion, and also consider the innovation factor as both endogenous and exogenous variables. However, at present, separate sub-sectors of the Russian fuel and energy complex operate in the regime of both moral and physical deterioration of their production and resource potential. It was revealed that in order for the oil and gas business to act as a single entity and provide a synergetic effect in achieving energy and economic national security, it had the necessary organizational basis for its sustainable development, it is advisable to form a mechanism for coordinating the interests of the state and business in the development of the oil and gas complex. The coordinator of interests should be a state that is able to develop and implement a single integrated program for the development of the oil and gas industry and to influence on its individual segments to harmonize and stabilize development in the long term. The degree of the state participation, the instruments of its indirect impact on the functioning and development of the oil and gas business are, first of all, called upon to ensure the proper level of energy security of the state, taking into account both endogenous and exogenous factors in the development of the oil and gas complex
Surface Infrastructure Development of Astana Sub-urban Area as Part of the Functions of the Central and Local Authorities
Get PDFInfrastructure development of Astana suburban area remains imperative for the complete provision of comfortable life activities of the population. The principal objective of the research is to analyse the infrastructure development of Astana suburban area as part of the functions of central and local authorities. The authors assessed different groups of the infrastructure factors which finally allow concluding the extent of efficiency of the measures regarding the modernisation of the system of agro-food supply. To accomplish the objectives, necessary calculations are conducted in the research through the weight ratio method for the factors’ assessment. The authors found that the provision of Astana suburban area population in various aspects will be most efficiently performed through the conclusion of the long-term agreement on the cooperation of the state authorities with the rural commodity producers. It was established that among the factors that contributed to the development of engineering and transport ground infrastructure, there was water supply, roads and public transport network. The most significant importance among environmental factors belongs to air pollution, water and soil. The complex assessment of the suburban area infrastructure allows to implement socio-economic zoning of the territory and unite them by the similar features into the assessment zones and sub-regions. The regional authorities implement the state programmes, carry out direct work with the economic entities, and provide the information to the higher-level authority. It was determined that the local authorities in the structure and content dealt with particular aspects of the agro-food market functioning
Evaluation of Influence of Innovation on Enterprise Productivity
Get PDFIn small and medium-sized enterprises of Kazakhstan, not enough attention has been paid to the relationship between innovation and enterprise productivity, as well as the measurement of the existing relationship. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to study the impact of innovations (productive or process, organisational, marketing) on the productivity of small and medium-sized enterprises of Kazakhstan. The data used in the research were obtained from the review conducted by the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the World Bank. Besides, the results of the survey among small and medium-sized enterprises of Kazakhstan conducted in 2012-2014 were considered as well. Based on the survey results, descriptive statistics and correlation and regression analysis were conducted. According to the results of the study and econometric analysis, model creation and evaluation, the positive impact of innovation, investment and R&D on the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises in Kazakhstan was established. In conclusion, it can be stated that in order to increase the level of innovative activity, enterprises must focus their activities on expanding the production of new or improved products, be competitive in the market due to the application of new technologies and improve the quality of products.
 
New Methods for the Implementation of Joint Investment and Innovation Projects in Developed and Developing Countries: Experience of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation
Get PDFThe primary purpose of the research is to develop new scientific approaches to the implementation of joint innovation and investment projects in the framework of cooperation between developing countries on the example of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation. The methodology of the study included the use of a system of methods: the analytical and induction methods, hypothesis and the synthesis method. As part of the analytical and induction methods, the general theory of investment projects implemented by business entities of two or more countries was investigated. When considering the theory of investment and innovation projects, the following aspects were studied: basic fundamental attributes of project implementation; modelling of investment and innovation projects; modelling of the development of cross-country investment and innovation projects with the participation of two or more countries; factors influencing the effectiveness of cross-country investment and innovation projects. The study focused on the impact of investment and innovation projects on the economic growth of developing countries. Based on the results obtained using the analytical method, the general problems of intensification of investment projects were developed. Based on the identified problems, the method of hypothesis formulation was applied, which allowed formulating postulates on the application of several new methods of integration and economic cooperation of the states. The findings of the research allow in developing a new economic policy of cooperation of developing and, in some aspects, developed countries and applying it in practice in the conditions of increasing global competition
Witch-Hunting in Assam: Myth or Reality
Get PDFAssam, like many other parts across the country, often witnesses deaths, injuries, and miseries resulting from witch hunting, an atrocious practice and a socially sanctioned violence. Reiterated incidents of killings in the name of witch-hunting have alarmingly challenged the laws and have led to various anti-witch hunting programs. Often veiled under superstition, the factors that render this social menace unabated is a matter of grave concern for every conscious mind. Official records suggest 196 cases of the terrible violence to occur in the state between 1989-2014, but newspaper reports and other agencies present the actual social reality which echoes manifold of official records. The practice of witch-hunting, however, is not evenly distributed in all the areas of Assam, but have gripping roots in the customary beliefs of many tribal communities residing in the state. This research, therefore, is an attempt to illuminate the genesis of the witch hunt in Assam from the perspective of a crime having cross-community dimensions. Further, gaining insights from primary field survey and secondary data, it is evident that accessibility plays a trump card in this case of witchcraft in Assam along with the superstitious belief of the communities, intermingling with personal motives, illness and devious role of ojhas (village medicine men) which exaggerates the menace
Financial Inclusion Remodeling: Including the Excluded Masses
Get PDFEconomic development is possible only if a significant share of the population develops a culture of savings. This culture is conceivable through financial inclusion, which widens the resource base of the financial system, thus, bringing in the marginalised and low-income sections within the purview of the formal banking sector. The inclusion of the marginalised section of society helps in shielding the financial wealth and various other resources in exigent situations. The study captures the discernible trends and practices present in an emerging country like India.
Moreover, financial inclusions reduce the scope of exploitation of the weaker sections of the society by providing secure and easy access to formal credit. Hence, in this study, we have considered the case of India for understanding the role of financial inclusion in economic development. The Indian government aims at providing easy access to finance for those who have remained from the reaches of banking and financial systems through the policy of Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojna. Under this policy, the government-owned public-sector banks have given many incentives to the marginalised sections so that they do not feel burdened by the rules and regulations of the regular banking system. The primary objective of this article is to critically review the policy as a programme with a focus of financial inclusion of the under-served population
Factors of Developing International Retail Chain Brands in the Regions of the Russian Federation
Get PDFThe development of international and local (federal) retail chains is significant for the development of the country\u27s economy in the modern context. It can be stated that the problems of the retail chain development are reviewed in applied aspects more successfully than in theoretical aspects, which reinforces their urgency. This article is devoted to the factors of international retail chain development in Russia by regions, including Moscow and St. Petersburg. The authors cite the development of outlet centres in the Russian regions and the quality of retail space as factors with a considerably e influence on the international retail chain development. The developers\u27 task is to intensively develop the construction of outlet centres in cities with a million-plus population, ensuring that retail chains, primarily international ones, become anchor tenants. The reason is that anchor tenants become centres of attraction that provide rental of retail space (usually from 5% to 15% of the total area of the outlet centre) and offer a wide range of goods to the outlet centre visitors at attractive prices. The purpose of this article is to study the factors of international retail chain brand development in the regions of the Russian Federation and to establish a connection between the opening of outlet centres and the development of global retail chains. To this end, the statistical data presented in the JLL 2015 Report and official statements of authorised representatives and agencies regarding the development of retail chains were analysed. It is suggested that a close relationship between the opening of outlet centres and the development of international retail chains in the regions of the Russian Federation will be established during the analysis, including the classification of cities for the development of global retail chains due to the effect of various factors
Critical Thinking in the Digital Age: Strategies of Human Resource Management
Get PDFThe research introduces a strategy of utilising critical thinking (CT) as an instrument of developing professional skills set in the digital age. The research aims to evaluate the potential of CT in human resources management (HRM). It has been established that the strategy of CT offers a way of intellectual improvement within the framework of professional communication. Therefore, a systematic fostering of CT allows for successful integration of affective and cognitive aspects of communication in the context of HRM.
Conversely, this research has identified the potential of the offered strategy in change- and risk management. The CT strategy has proved itself to be an effective way of professional decision-making in key cognitive aspects as well as in effective ones (intellectual courage, perseverance, confident reasoning, independent thinking in tandem with overcoming egocentrism and sociocentrism). Based on the results of the empirical research within the modern digital environment, the long-term efficiency of the offered strategy has been substantiated; the researchers have outlined the potential ways of implementing the results of the study, as well as strategy’s growth point
Modern Austrian Novel: Endless Wanderings in the Labyrinths of Kafka\u27s Castle
Get PDFThe purpose of the article is to discuss the perception of Kafka\u27s The Castle (Das Schloss, 1922) in the novels The Peaches Killers (Die Pfirsichtöter, 1972) by Alfred Kolleritsch, Among the Bieresch (Bei den Bieresch, 1979) by Klaus Hoffer and Into the Castle (Ins Schloss, 2004) by Marianne Gruber. The reference to the writers and their works is no coincidence; preference is given to the artists whose creative manner reflects the most fashionable trends in Western European literary process - from avant-garde to postmodernism. The authors of the article deliberately arrange the analysed works in chronological order to follow the stages in the development of German postmodernism which originates from modernist literature. The universal Kafkaesque discourse suggests the existence of direct and inverse connections between the author and the reader, the extra-textual tradition and reality. The article focuses on the narrative strategies of Austrian avant-garde (Kolleritsch), analyses postmodern discourse (Hoffer, Gruber) in the Austrian literature of the second half of the 20th and early 21st centuries, reveals signs of typological similarity between the novels by Kafka, Kolleritsch, Hoffer, and Gruber, which seems productive for understanding the influence of modernist literature on the development of the postmodern paradigm in the German-language literary space. Austrian literature, to a greater extent, is fraught with the search for new forms of self-expression rather than with the artistic “overcoming the past” - the awareness of collective guilt. It brought to the forefront the authors in whose works the age of change was reflected. Literary avant-garde has been replaced by authors who skillfully “play” with the previous culture and establish a dialogue with the present. The comparative methodology is to reveal the perception of "Kafkaesque discourse" in modern Austrian literature and to draw conclusions about the ways authors treat ontological questions