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Left Ventricular Hypertrophy or Not Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Women With Prior Preeclampsia
No full textA multi-scaling approach showing a transient metabolic mismatch in a freshwater fish (Zingel asper) during an acute heat stress
No full textHeat stress events will be more frequent and intense in the future. These events will challenge the capacity of organisms to exhibit sufficient metabolic flexibility to adapt to such variations. To better understand the acclimation processes implemented in response to acute warming, with an integrative approach we examined in vivo metabolic rate and cardiac mitochondrial respiration in the Rhône streber, during and after a heat stress on a precise time line. The temperature was raised from 13°C to 18°C (+1°C per hour) and maintained at 18°C for 5 days, before returning to 13°C at the same rate. We repeatedly measured, during the heat stress and 5 days after the end of the event, in vivo metabolic rate in the same individuals and cardiac mitochondrial respiration from different individuals. At the organismal level, oxygen consumption increased in line with warming, and was followed by a return to pre-acclimated levels just after the end of the heat stress. Conversely, cardiac mitochondrial respiration decreased during the heat stress, especially 24 h in, and recovered at the end of the event. Our results suggest that the heat stress was responsible for a metabolic mismatch in the strebers. Indeed, we observed (i) a strong thermodynamic effect without any acclimation process, suggesting that the range of temperatures chosen was not stressful for the fish, and (ii) the establishment of a transitory energy saving process. Our results underline the need for more integrative studies to understand how organisms will adapt to climate change
Gene expression-based identification of prognostic markers in lung adenocarcinoma
No full textIntroduction Many studies have aimed at identifying additional prognostic tools to guide treatment choices and patient surveillance in lung cancer by assessing the expression of individual proteins through immunohistochemistry (IHC) or, more recently, through gene expression-based signatures. As a proof-of-concept, we used a multi-cohort, gene expression-based discovery and validation strategy to identify genes with prognostic potential in lung adenocarcinoma. The clinical applicability of this strategy was further assessed by evaluating a selection of the markers by IHC. Materials and methods Publicly available gene expression data sets from six microarray-based studies were divided into four discovery and two validation data sets. First, genes associated with overall survival (OS) in all four discovery data sets were identified. The prognostic potential of each identified gene was then assessed in the two validation data sets, and genes associated with OS in both data sets were considered as potential prognostic markers. Finally, IHC for selected potential prognostic markers was performed in two independent and clinically well-characterized lung cancer cohorts. Results and conclusions The gene expression-based strategy identified 19 genes with correlation to OS in all six data sets. Out of these genes, we selected Ki67, MCM4 and TYMS for further assessment with IHC. Although an independent prognostic ability of the selected markers could not be confirmed by IHC, this proof-of-concept study demonstrates that by employing a gene expression-based discovery and validation strategy, potential prognostic markers can be identified and further assessed by a technique universally applicable in the clinical practice. The concept of studying potential prognostic markers through gene expression-based strategies, with a subsequent evaluation of the clinical utility, warrants further exploration
Cloud-scale Gas Properties, Depletion Times, and Star Formation Efficiency per Freefall Time in PHANGS-ALMA
No full textWe compare measurements of star formation efficiency to cloud-scale gas properties across the PHANGS- ALMA sample. Dividing 67 galaxies into 1.5 kpc scale regions, we calculate the molecular gas depletion time τ dep mol = Σ mol / Σ SFR and the star formation efficiency per freefall time ϵ ff mol = τ ff / τ dep mol for each region. Then we test how τ dep mol and ϵ ff mol vary as functions of the regional mass-weighted mean molecular gas properties on cloud scales (60-150 pc): gas surface density, 〈 Σ mol cloud 〉 , velocity dispersion, 〈 σ mol cloud 〉 , virial parameter, 〈 α vir cloud 〉 , and gravitational freefall time, 〈 τ ff cloud 〉 . 〈 τ ff cloud 〉 and τ dep mol correlate positively, consistent with the expectation that gas density plays a key role in setting the rate of star formation. Our fiducial measurements suggest τ dep mol ∝ 〈 τ ff cloud 〉 0.5 and ϵ ff mol ≈ 0.34 % , though the exact numbers depend on the adopted fitting methods. We also observe anticorrelations between τ dep mol and 〈 Σ mol cloud 〉 and between τ dep mol and 〈 σ mol cloud 〉 . All three correlations may reflect the same underlying link between density and star formation efficiency combined with systematic variations in the degree to which self-gravity binds molecular gas in galaxies. We highlight the τ dep mol - 〈 σ mol cloud 〉 relation because of the lower degree of correlation between the axes. Contrary to theoretical expectations, we observe an anticorrelation between τ dep mol and 〈 α vir cloud 〉 and no significant correlation between ϵ ff mol and 〈 α vir cloud 〉 . Our results depend sensitively on the adopted CO-to-H2 conversion factor, with corrections for excitation and emissivity effects in inner galaxies playing an important role. We emphasize that our simple methodology and clean selection allow for easy comparison to numerical simulations and highlight this as a logical next direction
Unraveling the origins of top managers’ intrapersonal diversity decision
No full textIntrapersonal diversity has emerged as an important trait among top managers, significantly improving firm and team performance. However, existing research treats this diversity as static orexogenously given, overlooking its developmental origins. Drawing on imprinting theory, we explore how early-childhood parental diversity and later-life crisis events shape a manager’s decision to acquire this trait. Using multigenerational registry data, we find that diversity in educational backgrounds of parents increases the likelihood that top managers adopt intrapersonal diversity, with the effect being stronger when the number of siblings is lower and after a manager’s divorce
Contributions of injury deaths to changes in life expectancy and disparity : A comparative analysis of G7 countries over two decades
No full textBACKGROUND: Despite the high level of economic development in the Group of Seven (G7) countries, injury deaths remain a public health concern in these countries. This paper examines the contribution of injury deaths to changes in life expectancy (LE) and life disparity (LD) in the G7 countries.METHODS: We used annual data from the WHO mortality database to compute LE and LD during 2001-03 and 2017-19. The contributions of injury deaths to LE and LD changes for each sex were decomposed by age and cause using a continuous-change model.RESULTS: Across the G7 countries combined, LE (LD) increased by 2.12 (0.25) and 2.73 (0.16) years for females and males, respectively. While most injury-related deaths contributed to increases in LE and decreases in LD, these gains were offset by negative contributions of unintentional poisoning, resulting in an overall negligible net contributions of injury deaths to changes in LE/LD across the G7 countries combined. The country-specific patterns revealed notable variations. Positive contributions of injury-related causes to changes in LE were more prominent in France (+ 0.38/+0.64 years for females/males), while negative contributions were most evident in the USA (-0.23/-0.42 years for females/males). Transport accidents emerged as the leading contributors to improvements in both LE and LD among both sexes in all countries, with more pronounced effects in males. In contrast, unintentional poisoning had a substantial negative impact, particularly among younger populations in the USA, UK, and Canada.CONCLUSION: Injury deaths made negligible contributions to overall changes in LE and LD across the G7 countries combined during the study period. However, there were important variations by sex, age, cause and country. Specifically, unfavourable contributions of injury deaths were mainly observed in the USA, UK, and Canada. These findings highlight the need for targeted, country-specific injury prevention strategies to mitigate premature and unequal mortality
Plasma metabolite profiles of meat intake and their association with cardiovascular disease risk : A population-based study in Swedish cohorts
No full textBackground: Higher meat intake has been associated with adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study investigated plasma metabolites associated with meat intake and their relation with cardiometabolic biomarkers, subclinical CVD markers, and incident CVD. Methods: Associations between self-reported meat intake and 1272 plasma metabolites were investigated in the SCAPIS cohort (n = 8,819; ages 50–64). Meat-associated metabolites were further examined for relation with subclinical CVD markers in the POEM cohort (n = 502; age 50) and incident CVD in the EpiHealth cohort (n = 2,278; ages 45–75; 107 incident cases over 9.6 years follow-up). Meat intake was categorized into white, unprocessed red, and processed red meat. Linear regression analyzed associations between meat intake, metabolites and cardiometabolic biomarkers, and subclinical CVD markers, while Cox models evaluated association between meat-associated metabolites and incident CVD. Results: After correction for multiple testing, 458, 368, and 403 metabolites were associated with white, unprocessed red, and processed red meat, respectively. Processed red meat-associated metabolites were associated with higher levels of fasting insulin, hemoglobin A1c, and lipoprotein(a), and were inversely associated with maximal oxygen consumption. Two metabolites, 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-GPE (16:0/18:2) (hazard ratios (HR: 1.32; 95 % CI: 1.08, 1.62)) and glutamine degradant (HR: 1.35; 95 % CI: 1.07, 1.72), that were inversely associated with intake of all meat types, were also associated with a higher risk of incident CVD. Conclusions: This study provides comprehensive analysis of self-reported meat intake and plasma metabolites. The findings may enhance our understanding of the relationship between meat intake and CVD, and provide insights into underlying mechanisms
SWOT mission enables high-precision and wide-coverage lake water levels monitoring on the Tibetan Plateau
No full textStudy region: The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is a high-altitude region characterized by harsh environmental conditions and limited accessibility, making the monitoring of its numerous lakes a significant challenge. This region is crucial for hydrological studies, and its numerous lakes play an important role in regional water dynamics and climate change research. Study focus: This study evaluates the applicability and accuracy of Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite data in monitoring lake water levels across the TP. The study compares SWOT-derived lake levels with data from the Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2), instead of relying on in situ measurements. New hydrological insights for the region: Based on SWOT data, lake water levels for 1919 lakes were successfully extracted, covering approximately 99 % of lakes larger than 0.2 km² and filling observation gaps in around 800 lakes compared to traditional altimetry satellites. Validation against ICESat-2 data demonstrated high consistency, with an average bias of −0.01 ± 0.13 m and a mean absolute error (MAE) of less than 0.1 m. SWOT outperformed other radar altimeters in monitoring lake levels when compared to ICESat-2. Furthermore, by integrating SWOT data with other altimetry-derived lake level products, we created high-frequency time series data for 12 lakes, which showed strong correlations with the DAHITI and Hydroweb datasets. These results highlight SWOT's potential for global lake monitoring, offering new opportunities for water resource management and climate change research
Towards accurate measurement of methanol combustion emissions : Calibration and Insights for flame ionization detectors and Fourier transform infrared analyzers
No full textMethanol is a promising renewable fuel that can be used to reduce the carbon intensity of internal combustion engines. In any combustion strategy with methanol, both unburned methanol and formaldehyde emissions are criteria pollutants that are potential drawbacks, so their accurate measurement is critical. The flame ionization detectors (FIDs) typically used in engine research to measure unburned hydrocarbons show a reduced sensitivity to oxygenated species like methanol and formaldehyde. A correction factor can be applied to the FID, but the value used for methanol combustion varies in the literature. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) detectors can measure speciated organic species, such as methanol and formaldehyde, but commonly used commercial FTIR software may not be calibrated to high enough levels of engine-out methanol to properly compare methanol combustion strategies. The primary focus of this work is to describe a methodology to generate calibration data for the FID and FTIR using a typical single cylinder research engine test stand. This work also aims to emphasize the measurement mechanisms of these devices to avoid their misuse, specifically for methanol combustion and more generally for renewable fuels research. The methanol FID response factor variance in the literature is because methanol, formaldehyde, and other incomplete combustion products from methanol combustion have different FID sensitivities. Using calibration data generated in this work, the FID response factor for pure methanol was determined to be ∼0.75 and an FTIR correction curve for Beer-Lambert's law deviations for methanol up to ∼5000 ppm was generated along with accessible calibration spectra. The aggregate FID sensitivity varies with operating strategy depending on the exhaust speciation. This work demonstrates this explicitly with data containing methanol and formaldehyde in a 10:1 ratio showing a FID response factor of ∼0.68. Thus, further work is motivated to generate comprehensive datasets of different methanol combustion strategies to improve the selection of FID response factor for methanol combustion research
Svensk feministisk utrikespolitik och digital diplomati
No full textSweden's feminist foreign policy (FUP), which was pursued between 2014 and 2022, involved a more strategic anchoring and communication of the country's state feminist tradition and commitment to justice in world politics. The emphasis on gender equality as the basis for foreign policy was largely based on the UN's agenda for women, peace, and security (WPS). Digital diplomacy and social media, which at the time of the launch of FUP had established themselves as key communication channels, played an important role in conveying Sweden's ambition to take on global leadership in issues of structural feminist change. Through digital diplomacy, Sweden's feminist foreign policy became a high-profile “political brand” among like-minded global actors, which was also embraced by others. This article analyzes the relationship between Swedish feminist foreign policy and its close connection to UN Resolution 1325 on women, peace, and security. Particular emphasis is placed on Sweden's strategic use of digital diplomacy to communicate FUP with a focus on leadership, brand policy, and visual communication. The article helps to shed light on Sweden's relationship to the WPS agenda through FUP and deepens the analysis of how a foreign policy commitment to gender equality is influenced by cultural and technological conditions for political influence and global reach