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Between Denmark and Detroit: Ford Motor Company A/S and the transformation of Fordism 1919–1966 : by Lars K. Christensen, Aahus, Aahus Universitetsforlag, 2021, 378 pp., 419,95 DKK (hardback), ISBN 978-87-7184-835-9
No full textSupervisors’ competences from doctoral students’ perspectives–a systematic review
No full textThis systematic review captures research on doctoral students’ perspectives of supervision. The aim was to capture research on aspects of importance to enhance professional development for supervisors in a global perspective, as well as describe the characteristics of the body of research. Five aspects of supervisors’ competences, which have previously been found to be important for successful supervision, were analysed: (1) domain knowledge, (2) research methodology, (3) pedagogical component, (4) relationships, and (5) functional aspects. Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) and Education Research Complete (ERC) were used to identify peer-reviewed articles published between 1998 and 2019. In total 1,193 articles were identified. After a blind review using the Rayyan collaboration and research tool, 96 articles were included in this review. The results show that most research focuses on students’ experiences of their supervisory relationship, while supervisors’ domain and methodological knowledge are rarely studied. Implications for future research are to enhance the focus on supervisors’ domain and methodological knowledge. An implication for practice is that greater professional support be provided for supervisors to work with doctoral students from marginalised groups in relation to the context where the doctoral programme is situated
Stories With Blurred Contours Family Displays of Foster Families and Young Children in Out-of-Home Care
No full textThe aim of the study was to investigate foster parents' displays and narratives about family life as foster parents of toddlers and preschool children and how these influence the welfare and sense of family belonging for younger children in foster care. Based on qualitative interviews with 16 foster parents in 10 foster families of looked-after children aged 1–6, narratives about the children, their needs and roles in the foster family were analysed. Various kinds of narratives of the child and foster family were identified, where the child's differentness and the normative ideas of the foster family often were negotiated in ways that blurred the understanding of the children's needs. Various boundary issues affecting the foster family were also visualized. The results suggested that addressing issues of family boundary ambiguity as a difficult feature of foster care would be beneficial. Not only would this provide opportunities to strengthen the internal life and resilience of the foster family, but it would also help visualize the looked-after children's individual needs and strengthen their position as family members
Nurses' use of an advisory decision support system in ambulance services : A qualitative study
No full textAIM: To illuminate from the perspective of nurses in ambulance services the experiences of using a web-based advisory decision support system to assess care needs and refer patients.DESIGN: Inductive and descriptive approaches.METHOD: Thirteen semi-structured interviews were conducted in the spring of 2020. The data were analysed through the reflexive thematic analysis.RESULTS: The Swedish web-based advisory decision support system (ADSS) was found to strengthen nurses' feelings of security when they assess patients' care needs, promote their competence and professional pride, and help them manage stress. However, the system also generated difficulties for nurses to adjust to the dynamic ambulance team and revealed a discrepancy between their professional roles and responsibilities to refer patients and provide self-care advice. The nurses thought that the support system facilitated their increased participation and helped them understand patients and significant others by offering transparency in assessment and decision making. Thus, the support system provides nurses with an opportunity to strengthen patients' independence through information and education. However, in the care relationship, nurses worked to overcome patients' expectations.CONCLUSION: Nurses using the ADSS increased their security while performing assessments and referrals and found new opportunities to provide information and promote understanding of their decisions. However, nursing care values can be threatened when new support systems are introduced, especially as ambulance services become increasingly protocol-driven.IMPLICATIONS FOR PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE: These findings have implications for nurses' work environments and help them maintain consistency in making medical assessments and in providing equivalent self-care advice when referring patients to the different levels of care. The findings will also impact researchers and policymakers who formulate decision support systems.REPORTING METHOD: Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ).PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: None
Hybridization and gene expression : Beyond differentially expressed genes
Get PDFGene expression has a key role in reproductive isolation, and studies of hybrid gene expression have identified mechanisms causing hybrid sterility. Here, we review the evidence for altered gene expression following hybridization and outline the mechanisms shown to contribute to altered gene expression in hybrids. Transgressive gene expression, transcending that of both parental species, is pervasive in early generation sterile hybrids, but also frequently observed in viable, fertile hybrids. We highlight studies showing that hybridization can result in transgressive gene expression, also in established hybrid lineages or species. Such extreme patterns of gene expression in stabilized hybrid taxa suggest that altered hybrid gene expression may result in hybridization-derived evolutionary novelty. We also conclude that while patterns of misexpression in hybrids are well documented, the understanding of the mechanisms causing misexpression is lagging. We argue that jointly assessing differences in cell composition and cell-specific changes in gene expression in hybrids, in addition to assessing changes in chromatin and methylation, will significantly advance our understanding of the basis of altered gene expression. Moreover, uncovering to what extent evolution of gene expression results in altered expression for individual genes, or entire networks of genes, will advance our understanding of how selection moulds gene expression. Finally, we argue that jointly studying the dual roles of altered hybrid gene expression, serving both as a mechanism for reproductive isolation and as a substrate for hybrid ecological adaptation, will lead to significant advances in our understanding of the evolution of gene expression
The Global South as a theoretical and methodological marker for scientific inquiry : researching and teaching decolonial peace
No full textHow do we know, theorize, and teach the possibilities of peace in the Global South? For most of Eurocentric literature on the topic, peace in the Global South seems like an impossible utopia. Building on Freire’s pedagogy, I argue for a decolonial approach to peace studies centered on the agency of Global South peoples and their power to transform the world. This means that the construction of knowledge around the possibilities for peace are situated in concrete and real struggles of marginalized groups that have been resisting the expansion of violent and oppressive systems, and whose existence and struggles for alternative worlds are an example of “building peace” beyond the neoliberal-Western constraints. The aim of theorizing and learning peace from such perspective is to rescue the liberatory power of the idea of peace away from an imperialist agenda of control and oppression, and towards a liberatory strategy for people and planet
Towards a Deflationary Truthmakers Account of Social Groups
No full textI outline a deflationary truthmakers account of social groups. Potentially, the approach allows us to say, with traditional ontological individualists, that there are only pluralities of individuals out there, ontologically speaking, but that there are nevertheless colloquial and social-scientific truths about social groups. If tenable, this kind of theory has the virtue of being both ontologically parsimonious and compatible with ordinary and social-scientific discourse – a virtue which the stock reductive / ontological dependence accounts of social groups arguably lack
Shaped by boom-and-bust: a history of the Canadian mining industry since 1859
No full textThis article is concerned with the historical evolution of the mining industry in Canada since 1859. The focus is directed on changes that occurred in the industry and allows for the identification of four distinct mining regimes. These regimes are defined using the Regulation Theory, which connects conditions of production, technical progress, financial structures, and social relations. The identification of regimes gives a portrait of continuity and change in the industry. Continuity is present in the active role of the state, the legal framework based on Free Mining Principle and persistent speculation in the industry. Change is illustrated in price cycle, labour share and technological innovation. Interestingly, through time, price cycles have very different outcomes in financial and real economic terms. The most recent upswing in the late 1990s resulted in a punctual increase of financial assets but no significant increase in employment. Through this discussion, it becomes evident that the mechanisms underlying continuity and change have implications on the nature of state intervention and on the distribution of power between the corporate and regional actors like the workers and indigenous communities
A Trust Establishment and Key Management Architecture for Hospital-at-Home
No full textThe landscape of healthcare is experiencing a digitalization shift, transferring many medical activities to the patients’ homes, a phenomenon commonly referred to as Hospital-at-Home. While Internet of Things (IoT) devices facilitate the building of such systems, there is a need for powerful middleware that encapsulates device-to-device communication, and enables the construction of user-friendly, secure, and robust Hospital-at-Home systems. A key challenge for such middleware is to build a trustworthy and lightweight key management system allowing different devices in the system to exchange messages securely. In this paper we present a simple, easily manageable and scalable such architecture which, in addition, supports long term data protection using post-quantum cryptographic primitives. Our proposed solution utilizes a Merkle tree to enable the IoT devices to establish trust between each other automatically, even in the absence of Internet connection. We have implemented the architecture and present performance figures as well as a security analysis of our approach