Lund University Publications
Not a member yet
244244 research outputs found
Sort by
"This Minuscule Orb" : The Material Agency of Opium Poppies in Amitav Ghosh's Sea of Poppies
No full textAccess of medication review for people living with dementia : An analysis of inequality using Swedish register data
No full textINTRODUCTIONThis study examines medication reviews (MRs) among people living with dementia (PWD) in Sweden, focusing on frequency and factors influencing access.METHODSUsing nationwide register data, all diagnosed PWD from 2010 to 2016 were assessed for MR receipt in 2015 and/or 2016. The analysis guided by the Andersen healthcare utilization framework, considered predisposing, enabling, and need-based factors through multiple logistic regression.RESULTSThe MR rate was 16% in 2015, 21% in 2016, and 30% across both years. Increased MR likelihood was linked to higher comorbidity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.45, p = 0.00), polypharmacy (aOR = 1.55, p = 0.00), and residential care (aOR = 3.92, p = 0.00), while being married or cohabiting reduced (aOR = 0.80, p = 0.00) MR receipt.DISCUSSIONDespite national guidelines recommending annual MRs since 2012, rates remain low, especially outside residential care. The findings highlight the need for more equitable MR access for all PWD, particularly those not in residential care.HighlightsOnly 16%–21% of people with dementia received a medication review in 2015–2016 in Sweden.Higher comorbidity, polypharmacy, and residential care increased likelihood of receiving a medication review.Being married or cohabiting lowered the chance of receiving a medication review.Education level and gender did not affect access to medication reviews
Understanding drought related tree responses using deep learning approaches and satellite based proxy
No full textRecent droughts from 2017 to 2020 induced significant stress on woodland canopies across eastern Australia, resulting in widespread tree browning and mortality. However, the trajectory of post-drought recovery remains unclear, with uncertainty about whether canopy conditions are improving or continuing to decline. Identifying the key local environmental and climatic factors influencing drought-induced tree mortality and recovery is therefore critical for understanding these processes. In this study, we employed a data-driven deep learning framework that integrates CNNs and LSTM algorithms techniques that excel at capturing spatial dependencies and long-term temporal dynamics, respectively. We analyzed a seasonal time-series dataset spanning 2010–2022, which combined satellite-derived canopy stress anomalies (z-scores of the Normalized Burn Ratio, NBR) with environmental predictors including rainfall, temperature, and potential evapotranspiration (PET), soil texture (sand and clay fractions), vegetation type, and topographic variables (slope, aspect, and topographic wetness index, TWI). All predictors were at 30 m resolution to ensure spatial consistency. Among the compared models, the hybrid CNN-LSTM model performed the best, underscoring the superiority of hybrid architectures like that synergistically capture spatial patterns and temporal dependencies. Additionally, advanced sequential models, whether utilizing attention mechanisms, such as Selective Attention and TFT, or leveraging state-space formulations, such as TCN-Mamba and RWKV-TS, also outperformed traditional recurrent approaches. Beyond predictive performance, our aim was to interpret the ecological drivers of canopy stress and recovery by linking model sensitivities to physiological processes and landscape variability. Our phase-based analysis (wet, transition, drought, and post-drought conditions) revealed that in dry to mid-humid bioregions, canopy resilience during drought is shaped by the interplay of dynamic climatic stressors (e.g., evapotranspiration, rainfall variability) and static landscape features (soil texture, topography), highlighting how ecosystem vulnerability arises from synergistic abiotic thresholds under climatic extremes. Regions that followed a recovery pathway were primarily driven by rainfall and topographic variables, whereas non-recovery was largely associated with dominant climatic factors. In wet-humid bioregions, climatic variables were the primary triggers of drought impacts; recovery in these areas was influenced by an interaction between climatic and topographic variations, with topographic factors such as sand content and Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) playing a decisive role in non-recovered regions. Insights obtained through explainable algorithms can inform process-based models and facilitate a more robust mechanistic understanding of drought-impacted eucalypt woodlands. Ultimately, this remote sensing based approach holds promise for operational forest management and policy. By identifying key climatic drivers as early-warning indicators and mapping recovery versus non-recovery areas, our framework provides actionable information for prioritizing public awareness by targeting drought-prone habitats and supporting adaptive management strategies under climate change
Development of a leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 15-targeted radio-immunotheranostic approach to deplete pro-tumorigenic mechanisms and immunotherapy resistance
No full textLeucine-rich repeat containing 15 (LRRC15) has emerged as an attractive biomarker and target for cancer therapy. Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) induces the expression of this plasma membrane protein specifically in aggressive and treatment resistant tumor cells derived from mesenchymal stem cells, with minimal expression observed in non-neoplastic tissues. We have developed a humanized monoclonal antibody, DUNP19, that specifically binds with high affinity to a phylogenetically conserved LRRC15 epitope and is rapidly internalized upon LRRC15 binding. In multiple subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor xenograft mouse models, Lutetium-177 labeled DUNP19 ([177Lu]Lu-DUNP19) enabled non-invasive imaging and molecularly precise radiotherapy to LRRC15-expressing cancer cells and murine cancer-associated fibroblasts, effectively halting tumor progression and prolonging survival with minimal toxicity. Transcriptomic analyses of [177Lu]Lu-DUNP19-treated tumors reveal a loss of pro-tumorigenic mechanisms, including a previously reported TGFβ-induced LRRC15+ signature associated with immunotherapy resistance. In a syngeneic tumor model, administration of [177Lu]Lu-DUNP19 significantly potentiated checkpoint-blockade therapy, yielding durable complete responses. Together, these results demonstrate that radio-theranostic targeting of LRRC15 with DUNP19 is a compelling precision medicine platform for image-guided diagnosis, eradication, and reprogramming of LRRC15+ tumor tissue that drives immuno-resistance and disease aggressiveness in a wide range of currently untreatable malignancies
Overview and current status of the IFMIF-DONES accelerator systems
No full textThe IFMIF-DONES facility provides a very high intensity flux of neutrons for research on materials of future fusion reactors and other complementary applications. The generation of those neutrons is driven by stripping reactions between energetic deuteron particles and a liquid lithium jet. The requirements on the deuteron beam are to deliver a 40 MeV beam with a constant current of 125 mA. All the systems involved in the generation, acceleration, transport and shaping of the deuteron beam are grouped in the so-called accelerator systems (AS). The design of this high-power driver has been ongoing for a long time, and many prototypes of the critical technologies have been tested. During the last decade, the design has been consolidated and evolved into an engineering design ready for construction. The overview of the main features of the design and the current status is presented in this article
Associations between air pollution and relative leukocyte telomere length among northern Swedish adults based on findings from the Betula study
No full textAir pollution is increasingly discussed as a risk factor for dementia, but the biological mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Biological markers like telomere length are relevant to study with air pollution, as they are associated with aging and dementia. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between source-specific air pollution exposure and telomere length in a low-level air pollution area, and whether this potential relationship depended on future dementia status. The data originated from the Betula study in Northern Sweden, where 509 participants recruited between 1988 and 1995 were included to investigate the association between annual mean air pollution concentrations at the participants’ residences and relative leukocyte telomere length using a linear regression model. No association was observed between air pollution and telomere length, with regression slope estimates close to zero and p-values > 0.10 (e.g. PM2.5_total: β = 0.01 (-0.011, 0.025) and BC_total: β = 0.03 (95% CI: -0.046, 0.114). There were indications of a positive association between longer telomere length and higher exposure to air pollution among individuals later diagnosed with dementia (N = 74), but these findings were not conclusive (p-values > 0.10) (PM2.5_total: β = 0.03, p-value = 0.12; BC_total: β = 0.11, p-value = 0.17). Although not statistically significant, our findings contribute to the evidence from low-exposure settings, and it is important to report these types of findings for a balanced understanding of potential health effects
Perceived and observed biases within scientific communities : a case study in movement ecology
No full textWho conducts biological research, where they do it and how results are disseminated vary among geographies and identities. Identifying and documenting these forms of bias by research communities is a critical step towards addressing them. We documented perceived and observed biases in movement ecology, a rapidly expanding sub-discipline of biology, which is strongly underpinned by fieldwork and technology use. We surveyed attendees before an international conference to assess a baseline within-discipline perceived bias (uninformed perceived bias). We analysed geographic patterns in Movement Ecology articles, finding discrepancies between the country of the authors' affiliation and study site location, related to national economics. We analysed race-gender identities of USA biology researchers (the closest to our sub-discipline with data available), finding that they differed from national demographics. Finally, we discussed the quantitatively observed bias at the conference, to assess within-discipline perceived bias informed with observational data (informed perceived bias). Although the survey indicated most conference participants as bias-aware, conversations only covered a subset of biases. We discuss potential causes of bias (parachute-science, fieldwork accessibility), solutions and the need to evaluate mitigatory action effectiveness. Undertaking data-driven analysis of bias within sub-disciplines can help identify specific barriers and move towards the inclusion of a greater diversity of participants in the scientific process
Response to: Correspondence on 'Estimated sodium intake and premature ventricular complexes: Data from the population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage study' by Campbell
No full textMeasurement of top-quark pair production in association with charm quarks in proton–proton collisions at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
No full textInclusive cross-sections for top-quark pair production in association with charm quarks are measured with proton–proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 140 fb−1, collected with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC between 2015 and 2018. The measurements are performed by requiring one or two charged leptons (electrons and muons), two b-tagged jets, and at least one additional jet in the final state. A custom flavor-tagging algorithm is employed for the simultaneous identification of b-jets and c-jets. In a fiducial phase space that replicates the acceptance of the ATLAS detector, the cross-sections for tt¯+≥2c and tt¯+1c production are measured to be 1.28−0.24+0.27pb and 6.4−0.9+1.0pb, respectively. The measurements are primarily limited by uncertainties in the modeling of inclusive tt¯ and tt¯+bb¯ production, in the calibration of the flavor-tagging algorithm, and by data statistics. Cross-section predictions from various tt¯ simulations are largely consistent with the measured cross-section values, though all underpredict the observed values by 0.5 to 2.0 standard deviations. In a phase-space volume without requirements on the tt¯ decay products and the jet multiplicity, the cross-section ratios of tt¯+≥2c and tt¯+1c to total tt¯+jets production are determined to be (1.23±0.25)% and (8.8±1.3)%. © 2024 CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS Collaboratio