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Multi-omic profiling of squamous cell lung cancer identifies metabolites and related genes associated with squamous cell carcinoma
No full textSquamous cell lung carcinoma (SqCC) is the second most common histological subtype of lung cancer. Besides tumor-initiating and promoting DNA, RNA, and epigenetic alterations, aberrant cell metabolism is a hallmark of carcinogenesis. This study aimed to identify SqCC-specific key regulators that could eventually be used as new anticancer targets. Transcriptional and metabolomic data were gathered for a cohort of resected lung cancers. SqCC-specific differentially expressed genes were integrated with metabolic data. Findings were validated in cohorts of tumors, normal specimens, and cell lines. In situ protein expression of SLC6A8 was investigated. Differential gene expression analysis identified a subset of SqCC-specific genes with metabolic functions through the Reactome database, and/or correlated to specific metabolites through GEMs models. Metabolic profiling identified seven SqCC-specific metabolites, of which increased creatine levels, in particular, matched to SqCC-specific expression of SLC6A8. Expression of the gene appeared tumor cell-associated. Elevated creatine levels and overexpression of its transporter SLC6A8 appear a distinct metabolic feature of SqCC. Considering ongoing clinical trials in other malignancies, exploring SLC6A8 inhibition in SqCC appears motivated based on a metabolic addiction hypothesis
Wie beunruhigend ist das steigende Alter von Vätern bei der Geburt eines Kindes? : Eine historische Einordnung
No full textIn recent decades the average paternal age at childbirth has risen sharply. Many researchers from various disciplines are alarmed, as the offspring of older fathers have a higher risk of many diseases; however, previous studies lack a historical perspective. A new analysis shows that in many countries the current levels of average paternal age at childbirth were just as high in the past as today
Shadow Area and Degrees of Freedom for Free-Space Communication
No full textThe number of degrees of freedom (NDoF) in a communication channel fundamentally limits the number of independent spatial modes available for transmitting and receiving information. Although the NDoF can be computed numerically for specific configurations using singular value decomposition (SVD) of the channel operator, this approach provides limited physical insight. In this paper, we introduce a simple analytical estimate for the NDoF between arbitrarily shaped transmitter and receiver regions in free space. In the electrically large limit, where the NDoF is high, it is well approximated by the mutual shadow area, measured in units of wavelength squared. This area corresponds to the projected overlap of the regions, integrated over all lines of sight, and captures their effective spatial coupling. The proposed estimate generalizes and unifies several previously established results, including those based on Weyl's law, shadow area, and the paraxial approximation. We analyze several example configurations to illustrate the accuracy of the estimate and validate it through comparisons with numerical SVD computations of the propagation channel. The results provide both practical tools and physical insight for the design and analysis of high-capacity communication and sensing systems
Using Dental Register Information and Questionnaire Data to Assess Periodontitis in Large Cohort Studies
No full textAim: Periodontitis proxy variables enable an expansion of periodontal research. The study aimed to estimate the validity of questionnaire items and registry data in relation to Stage III–IV periodontitis and having 50% bone loss. Methods: Malmö Offspring Dental Study (MODS) participants (995) filled out questionnaires and underwent periodontal and panoramic radiography examinations. The questionnaire items, number of periodontal treatment procedures (PTP) in the Dental Health Register (DHR), and number of teeth with ≥ 6 mm probing depth in the Swedish Quality Register for Caries and Periodontal Disease (SKaPa) were evaluated as proxies for severe periodontitis. Stage III–IV periodontitis was the primary reference standard. Results: For PTP-based severe periodontitis proxy in DHR, positive predictive value (PPV) was 88% and negative predictive value (NPV) 87% for Stage III–IV. The SKaPa-based proxy showed poor positive predictive values (PPVs, 90% for the DHR and SKaPa proxies. Identification of cases with periodontitis by questionnaire combined with the demographic variables age, sex, smoking habits and education yielded good discriminatory ability (AUC > 0.75). Conclusion: Register-based data can effectively identify individuals with severe periodontitis in large cohort studies, thereby advancing periodontal research
Screening Tool Improves Recognition of Movement Disorders by Internists and Paediatricians in Patients With Inherited Metabolic Diseases
No full textMovement disorders are common in inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs) and significantly impact quality of life. Unfortunately, they are often underrecognised by metabolic physicians. This study investigated whether a new screening tool improves recognition of movement disorders in IMD patients by non-neurologists. Internists and paediatricians specialized in IMDs assessed videos of 44 IMD patients who perform four specific neurological tests, to evaluate the presence and phenotype of a movement disorder. Initially, baseline assessments were performed without the tool. Eight months later, the same videos were assessed using an instructional video demonstrating the four neurological tests, and a screening tool including these tests with 14 yes/no questions regarding observed abnormalities. One hundred and forty-nine assessments were conducted by 15 metabolic internists and paediatricians. At baseline, 70% (105/149) of assessments correctly determined the presence of a movement disorder. Sensitivity of the tool was 68%. In the second measurement, when the outcome of the tool was considered decisive (with at least one positive answer indicating a movement disorder), 79% (117/149) of assessments were correct. Sensitivity of the tool increased to 87% (Chi-square = 15.75, p < 0.001). All severe and moderately severe movement disorders were recognized in the second measurement. The tool and instructional video did not enhance recognition of specific movement disorder phenotypes. However, the tool did improve the accuracy of treatment indications (chi-square = 4.000, p < 0.05). The correct use of the screening tool significantly increased the sensitivity and thereby the recognition of movement disorders in IMD patients, though referral to a neurologist remains necessary for phenotype identification
Between Two Grammatical Gender Systems : Exploring the Impact of Grammatical Gender on Memory Recall in Ukrainian−Russian Simultaneous Bilinguals
No full textThis study examines the impact of grammatical gender on memory recall among simultaneous bilinguals with two three-gendered languages (Ukrainian and Russian). Ukrainian-Russian bilinguals and English monolingual controls were tested on their ability to remember names assigned to objects with either matching or mismatching grammatical genders across their two languages. Results showed that bilinguals recalled names more accurately when the biological sex of the names was congruent with the grammatical gender of objects in both languages (e.g., recalling a male name assigned to a noun with masculine grammatical gender in both L1s, rather than a female name). English monolinguals, in contrast, showed no difference in recall. However, when grammatical gender mismatched across Ukrainian and Russian, the expected influence of the more proficient language on recall accuracy was not observed. These findings suggest that converging grammatical information from two L1s creates stronger memory associations, enhancing recall accuracy of simultaneous bilinguals. Conversely, mismatching grammatical genders appear to negate this effect. Taken together, these findings highlight the interconnected nature of bilingual conceptual representation
Foreword [to the book "Navigating the FRAM: mastering the functional resonance analysis method for modelling complex socio-technical systems / ed. by Riccardo Patriarca. - CRC Press, 2025"]
No full textDistal Radius Fractures in the Elderly
No full textThis thesis combines quantitative, qualitative, and experimental approaches to address different aspects of distal radius fractures (DRFs) in the elderly.Study I was a registry-based cohort study of 5,536 DRF patients, of whom 259 (5%) sustained a concomitant distal metaphyseal ulna fracture. These patients, with a mean age of 73 years (SD 15), had nearly twice the odds of reporting severe symptoms (DASH > 35) 1 year after injury compared with those with isolated DRFs (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.40–2.75, P < 0.001).Study II evaluated the mortality among 240 DRF patients aged 80 years or older. 1-year mortality was markedly lower than expected (SMR 0.44, 95% CI 0.18–0.69, P < 0.01), while at 5 years mortality approximated that of the general population (SMR 0.96, 95% CI 0.78–1.14). Living situation was the strongest predictor of survival, with residents of nursing homes having the worst prognosis.Study III employed mixed methods, including qualitative interviews with 10 surgically treated patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, to explore experiences of video-based follow-up. Despite the inclusion of both elderly patients and patients with low levels of digital literacy, video consultations were described as simple and accessible. Many expressed a preference for digital follow-up after surgery.Study IV used an osteoporotic rat model to evaluate the combination of locally applied calcium sulphate/hydroxyapatite (CaS/HA) biomaterial around a metallic screw followed by systemically administered zoledronic acid. The treatment significantly enhanced peri-implant bone formation compared with animals not receiving the CaS/HA material. The method was translated to a small cohort of hip fracture patients, suggesting potential to improve screw fixation in osteoporotic bone and in future wrist fracture surgery.Taken together, these studies support tailoring DRF treatment to functional status rather than chronological age. They further emphasise the importance of prognostic awareness, the potential of digital follow-up, and opportunities to enhance surgical fixation in osteoporotic bone