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Metabolome fingerprinting elucidates chemodiversity in Ornithogalum, Loncomelos, and Melomphis (Asparagaceae)
No full textThis research employed GC-MS metabolomics profiling on bulbs of three genera i.e., Ornithogalum, Loncomelos, and Melomphis (Asparagaceae), to elucidate their taxonomic relationships. The analysis of 30 specimens across 8 species (Ornithogalum comprising 3 species: O. cuspidatum, O. neurostegium, O. orthophyllum; Loncomelos including 4 species: L. arcuatum, L. brachystachys, L. bungei, L. kurdicum; and Melomphis persica) from Iran revealed 147 detected metabolites, classified in several main superclasses e.g., organic oxygen compounds (40 %), organic acids (23 %), and lipids (18 %). Additionally, the metabolites were grouped into classes, with carbohydrates comprising the majority (42 %), followed by carboxylic acids (17 %) and fatty acids (14 %). Multivariate statistics including the variable importance in projection, and hierarchical clustering heat map discerned metabolites differentiating the genera. Projections to latent structures discriminant analysis revealed that Ornithogalum exhibited significant metabolic divergence from the closely related taxa Loncomelos and Melomphis, aligning with their established phylogenetic divisions. Overall, this work significantly expands knowledge of the chemodiversity of these taxa. The findings provide a phylogenetic framework to guide further ethno-pharmacological, phytochemical, and evolutionary research on these geophyte taxa
Robust constrained weighted least squares for in vivo human cardiac diffusion kurtosis imaging
No full textPurpose: Cardiac diffusion tensor imaging (cDTI) can investigate the microstructure of heart tissue. At sufficiently high b-values, additional information on microstructure can be observed, but the data require a representation such as diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI). cDTI is prone to image corruption, which is usually treated with shot rejection but which can be handled more generally with robust estimation. Unconstrained fitting allows DKI parameters to violate necessary constraints on signal behavior, causing errors in diffusion and kurtosis measures. Methods: We developed robust constrained weighted least squares (RCWLS) specifically for DKI. Using in vivo cardiac DKI data from 11 healthy volunteers collected with a Connectom scanner up to b-value (Formula presented.), we compared fitting techniques with/without robustness and with/without constraints. Results: Constraints, but not robustness, made a significant difference on all measures. Robust fitting corrected large errors for some subjects. RCWLS was the only technique that showed radial kurtosis to be larger than axial kurtosis for all subjects, which is expected in myocardium due to increased restrictions to diffusion perpendicular to the primary myocyte direction. For (Formula presented.), RCWLS gave the following measures across subjects: mean diffusivity (MD) (Formula presented.), fractional anisotropy (FA) (Formula presented.), mean kurtosis (MK) (Formula presented.), axial kurtosis (AK) (Formula presented.), radial kurtosis (RK) (Formula presented.), and RK/AK (Formula presented.). Conclusion: Fitting techniques utilizing both robust estimation and convexity constraints, such as RCWLS, are essential to obtain robust and feasible diffusion and kurtosis measures from in vivo cardiac DKI
Active labour management and multiprofessional teamwork are cornerstones in preventing postpartum paemorrhage : EBCOG commentary on "The new world health Organization's (WHO) postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) guideline 2025"
No full textBIM-based framework for estimating service life duration of wood construction elements under environmental exposure
No full textAs the construction industry adopts more data-driven and sustainable practices, Building Information Modelling (BIM) is increasingly used for energy analysis, lifecycle management, and maintenance planning. However, its integration with service life performance analysis especially for wood, a material susceptible to environmental degradation remains limited. This study presents a BIM-based framework that incorporates wood-specific parameters such as environmental exposure, material properties, and design detailing to estimate the service life of wood construction elements. The framework is structured using ISO 15,686–4 principles and implemented through custom Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) property sets. A Revit plugin developed in C# integrates the model into the BIM environment. A case study of a wooden playhouse is used as a proof-of-concept to demonstrates the framework's ability to evaluate the impact of design, material, and environmental factors on service life. The results confirm that the framework supports service life prediction and enhances decision-making for wood-based construction. Twenty-one-month observations align with predicted results. However, long-term (2–9 year) predictions remain unvalidated, requiring extended monitoring. By integration of the service life prediction for fungal decay into BIM it offers a practical and scalable tool to support service life–informed design and planning for wood structures
Experimentation practice in indie game startups
No full textSmall independent (indie) game startups face fierce competition when developing games with limited time, budget, and resources. Continuously testing and experimenting with new ideas, features, and content is essential to validate and guide development toward a viable and successful game. Such continuous experimentation (CE) requires access to users and user data, which is often very limited in the early stages of development, both in general and in particular for indie game companies. We provide insights and recommendations on how to perform experimentation and game testing in pre-release stages of indie game development based on an exploratory interview survey with 10 independent game developers from different companies. We provide a framework for CE that highlights key parts to consider when planning and implementing an experiment. Current practices for experimentation within indie game development are also described for the early development stages of ideation, preproduction, feature production, and content production. Our empirical findings offer insights and recommendations into how to conduct experiments during pre-release stages of game development, specifically for indie game companies. Other software startups, particularly those with a value proposition centred around interactive and satisfying user experiences, can also benefit from our research
Beyond linear progress : Towards a material-temporal understanding of infrastructural unmaking
No full textThe implementation of low-carbon futures requires both the assembling of new technologies, and practices, as well as the ‘unmaking’ of extant high-carbon infrastructures. Here, we bring together geographical, STS, anthropological, and sociological thinking on time to re-conceptualise such processes of unmaking. We argue that a focus on temporalities is especially pertinent to the unmaking of material energy infrastructure, as the emergence of fossil fuel societies has also enabled a particular temporality of the future to take hold; one that is linear, future-oriented, and full of promise. The unmaking of energy infrastructures will likely rub up against this temporal form of thinking that dominates modern life. By drawing on three temporal concepts – ruination, suspension, and lingering – we explore how we can conceptualise the temporal dimensions of unmaking material infrastructures more explicitly, and differently. Through foregrounding the multifaceted interactions between the legacies of the past, the realities of the present, and the possibilities of the future we put forward an understanding of infrastructural unmaking and low-carbon futures that seeks to go beyond the confines of linear progress
Changing discourses on gender and land : The example of Chiweshe, Zimbabwe, since the 1920s
No full textBuoyancy effects on combustion products from high-pressure hydrogen jet flames
No full textDue to the lower radiative fraction and typically higher storage pressures, gas temperatures can often result in longer safety distances compared to radiative heat transfer for hydrogen jet flames. The high temperatures, however, also lead to a low density causing the flow to rise at a certain distance from the release. Unfortunately, a model to determine this distance, similar to what is available for unignited releases, is currently not available which this paper aim to provide. An experimental study was conducted investigating the buoyancy effect on ignited horizontal hydrogen jet releases with different release diameters. The invisible hydrogen plume was visualized using a Background Oriented Schlieren technique (BOS). The transition of the initial momentum-driven jet into a fully buoyancy-driven jet was estimated by following the gradient of the centerline of the plume. A model based on the Froude number of the release similar to the model for unignited releases was developed and the distance showed a very similar dependence on the Froude number, but giving consistently approximately 39% shorter distances