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Clinical translation of fluid, imaging, and digital biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease
No full textAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, affecting millions worldwide. The clinical presentation of AD is heterogenous and often complicated by the presence of multiple co-pathologies, which can overlap with features of other neurodegenerative disorders, underscoring the need for tools to aid accurate and timely diagnosis. Biomarkers for AD span multiple modalities and are being increasingly used in clinical settings to aid diagnosis, monitor disease progression, and assess eligibility and response to disease-modifying therapies. Here, we provide an overview of current clinical applications of fluid, imaging, and digital biomarkers for AD. We also discuss biomarkers under development and challenges associated with the implementation of these modalities in clinical settings
Barnet och den obetalda hyran : Introduktion till barnkonventionen som avtal och lag
No full textAv de barn som blir hemlösa utgör 90% barn till föräldrar som blivit vräkta på grund av en hyresskuld. I kapitlet beskrivs hyreslagens regler inklusive rättspraxis samt det stöd föräldrarna kan få genom socialtjänstlagen. Rättsläget analyseras i förhållande till de krav FN:s barnkonvention samt den svenska införlivandelagen uppställer
Challenging the paradigms of site documentation: high-definition or multi-resolution approaches?
No full textBildkunnighet och beredskap : Vilken kunskap behövs för att möta desinformation genom bild?
No full textI en tid när bilder och videor dominerar sociala medieflöden har visuellt material blivit ett av de mest kraftfulla verktygen för att sprida desinformation. Rapporten Bildkunnighet och beredskap visar hur detta skifte förändrar både informationsmiljön och demokratiska förutsättningar. Med generativ AI blir det allt enklare att skapa verklighetstrogna, men helt fabricerade, bilder och filmer vilket ökar risken för vilseledning och undergräver tilliten till medier och samhällsinstitutioner.Rapporten kombinerar forskning om otillbörlig informationspåverkan med kunskap från bildpedagogik, konst och film. Den visar att bildkunnighet, det vill säga förmågan att tolka, analysera och själv skapa visuellt material, är en central kompetens för att stärka samhällets motståndskraft. I dag ligger fokus ofta på tekniska lösningar och regleringar, men rapporten betonar att människor behöver bättre verktyg för att förstå hur bilder påverkar oss, hur de manipuleras och hur de kan användas för att vilseleda.Barn och unga, som i hög grad får sina nyheter via videobaserade plattformar, är särskilt utsatta. Därför lyfter rapporten behovet av att stärka bildämnet i skolan, integrera bildkunnighet i fler ämnen och ta tillvara den omfattande kompetens som finns inom bildkonst- och filmområdet. Rapporten presenterar också en kartläggning av befintliga strukturer och rekommenderar konkreta insatser för myndigheter, skola och kultursektor. Slutsatsen är tydlig: för att möta dagens visuella desinformation krävs inte bara teknik, utan en bred satsning på bildkunnighet som en demokratisk nyckelkompetens
La financiación internacional para los refugiados: el Mecanismo Global de Financiamiento Concesional en Jordania
No full textEn los últimos años, los estados receptores de grandes poblaciones de refugiados han adoptado políticas estratégicas, entendidas como comportamientos de "búsqueda de incentivos sobre la población refugiada" (refugee rent-seeking behaviours) para aprovechar su posición y obtener concesiones financieras y políticas de la comunidad internacional (Tsourapas 2019). En concreto, Jordania y Líbano son dos de los países que han implementado con mayor repercusión estas políticas después de haber recibido una gran parte de la población refugiada siria. Tomando como caso de estudio el Mecanismo Global de Financiación Concesional del Banco Mundial (GCFF, por sus siglas en inglés) en Jordania, este artículo analiza la esfera financiera de las políticas exteriores en Oriente Medio. Más concretamente, se argumenta que el GCFF y otros mecanismos de la financiación para personas refugiadas están generando una serie de cambios estructurales en la protección internacional de la población refugiada en Oriente Medio; entre ellos, el mayor protagonismo de las organizaciones con mandato en desarrollo (como la banca multilateral), los cambios en la institución del refugio internacional y la población refugiada como objeto de financialización
Design of stiff elasto-plastic structures
No full textThis study investigates “stiffness” optimization of path-dependent elasto-plastic structures by comparing the traditional secant stiffness formulation with a novel tangent stiffness formulation. Design updates are generated using the gradient-based Method of Moving Asymptotes (MMA), and the material behavior is modeled and limited to small-strain elasto-plasticity and isotropic hardening. Numerical examples compare and analyze the two stiffness definitions, revealing that they produce different designs and structural responses. Cross validation and comparison reveals that the secant stiffness optimized designs may have very low end tangent stiffness, and that the end tangent stiffness optimized designs may have very low secant stiffness, showing that the two formulations can contradict each other for elasto-plastic structures
Lire le langage inclusif : Études expérimentales sur les représentations mentales de genre et sur le traitement en lecture
No full textThis thesis is a collection of four experimental studies, three of which were preregistered, concerning the effects of French gender-fair forms on mental representations of gender and on processing in reading among adult L1 speakers of French. In study I (n = 1,018), the participants were presented with role nouns (such as actors) and asked to estimate the gender ratios in each group. Participants read the nouns either in the masculine form (acteurs) or in one of four gender-fair forms (complete [actrices et acteurs or acteurs et actrices] or contracted [acteur·rices] double forms, or gender-neutral forms [stars de cinema]). All gender-fair forms led to significantly higher proportions of women compared to the masculine form, but no differences were found between the different gender-fair forms. In study II (n = 153), we used a sentence-evaluation paradigm to examine the resolution of gendered anaphoric expressions (hommes ‘men’ or femmes ‘women’) with gender-fair or masculine forms as antecedents. According to the results, the masculine form impeded inclusion of women in the introduced group, but all three gender-fair forms resolved this male bias, although to different degrees.Study III (n = 58) used eye tracking to examine the processing of two different gender-fair forms (actrices et acteurs and acteur·rices) in reading as compared to the masculine form. Controlling for NP structure and length, we found that the complete double forms yielded similar processing costs as the masculine form. In contrast, the contracted double forms increased processing costs in intermediate and late stages of processing. In study IV (n = 55), we compared the processing of contracted double forms to that of novel spellings (éléfant, téière instead of éléphant, théière) with an identical experimental setup as in study III. The analyses indicated that novel spellings increase processing costs in all stages of processing, and to a greater extent compared to the contracted double forms.Taken together, this thesis has shown that French gender-fair forms are effective in increasing representation of women while having either no or a rather moderate effect on processing cost in reading. It also suggests that these forms evoke different types of mental representations and that the contracted double forms are interpreted and processed differently compared to the complete double forms. This indicates that the contracted forms might function rather as neologisms than sole abbreviations of the complete forms. In sum, these results are likely to have important implications for future policymakers
GGS-groups acting on trees of growing degrees
No full textWe consider analogues of Grigorchuk-Gupta-Sidki (GGS-)groups acting on trees of growing degree; the so-called growing GGS-groups. These groups are not just infinite and do not possess the congruence subgroup property, but many of them are branch and have the p-congruence subgroup property, for a prime p. Among them, we find groups with maximal subgroups only of finite index, and with infinitely many such maximal subgroups. These give the first examples of finitely generated branch groups with infinitely many finite-index maximal subgroups. Additionally, we prove that congruence quotients of growing GGS-groups associated to a defining vector of zero sum give rise to Beauville groups
Blood culture diagnostics - a comparative and experimental study on the impact of delayed incubation
No full textObjectivesThis study investigates the impact of transitioning from restricted to 24/7 access to blood culture cabinets on blood culture processing.MethodA post-hoc retrospective study and a prospective laboratory simulation to evaluate the effects of delayed incubation were conducted. Data analysis evaluated clinical data comparing incubation-to-detection (ITD) and Collection-to-detection (CTD) including Collection-to-incubation (CTI) comparing pre- and post-implementing the new protocol (Cut-point). ITD values were obtained using BD Synapsys™ software, with delays factored into CTD. Of 14,673 blood cultures collected from October 2019 to September 2023 at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, 3,323 met inclusion criteria. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pneumoniae were selected as indicator organisms. In the simulation, cultures with 0-, 6-, and 18-hour incubation delays were assessed for growth and detection time.ResultsMedian ITD increased significantly post-cut-point: for E. coli from 7.8(IQR: 2.28–13.55) to 11.4(IQR: 9.8–14.7) hours, S. aureus from 9.9(IQR: 4.1–15.6) to 14.3 h(IQR: 11.5–19.5), P. aeruginosa from 14.0(IQR 5.3-19.95) to 16.3 h(IQR 11.75–26.1), and S. pneumoniae from 3.3(IQR: 1.55–9.9) to 11.7 h(IQR: 9–12.6) (all p < 0.01). CTD decreased post-cut-point: by 3h03m for E. coli (p < 0.0001), 3h51m for S. aureus (p = 0.0016), and 4h24m for S. pneumoniae (p < 0.0001). The reduction for P. aeruginosa (1h48m) was not statistically significant.In the simulation-study, delayed incubation increased CTD for all species in aerobic bottles: E. coli (p = 0.0036), S. aureus (p = 0.0036), P. aeruginosa (p = 0.0036), and S. pneumoniae (p = 0.0429); and in anaerobic bottles: E. coli (p = 0.0036), S. aureus (p = 0.0036), and S. pneumoniae (p = 0.0071). No anaerobic growth of P. aeruginosa was observed. An 18-hour delay notably reduced recovery of S. pneumoniae, with growth detected in only one bottle.ConclusionMinimizing incubation delays significantly reduces CTD and improves detection of fragile bacteria. These findings potentially have significant implications for clinical practice, emphasizing the importance of protocols that limit pre-analytical delays to optimize blood culture diagnostics
