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Sociology about art: an introduction to how sociologists study the arts : by Sara Malou Strandvad, Quirijn Lennert Van Den Hoogen and Manuel Reyes, Oxon, Routledge, 2025, 230pp, €139.00 (Hardback), ISBN 9781032632018, €34.39 (Paperback), (eBook) ISBN 9781032632025.
No full textThe 7Be(d, α)5Li(p α) and 7Be(d, p)8Be*(p 7Li) reactions at 5 MeV/u
No full textThe 7Be(d, α)5Li and 7Be(d, p)8Be*(p 7Li) reactions are studied at 5 MeV/u in the context of the cosmological lithium problem. This work aims to probe the contribution of 7Be destruction mechanisms, particularly through channels that populate intermediate unbound states of 5Li and 8Be. The contribution of 7Be(d, α)5Li(p α) reaction is separated from the 7Be(d, p)8Be*(2α) reaction. The 7Be(d, p)8Be*(p1 7Li*) channel is also identified and is useful for an indirect study of the 7Be(n, p1)7Li* reaction
Arabidopsis phospholipid modifications mediate cellulase-induced resistance to a fungal peptide antibiotic by imposing cell polarity
No full textPlant-symbiotic Trichoderma fungi attack microorganisms by secreting antibiotic membrane-permeabilising peptaibols such as alamethicin. These peptaibols also permeabilise plant root epidermis plasma membranes (PMs), but mild pretreatment with Trichoderma cellulase activates a unique cellulase-induced resistance to alamethicin (CIRA), via an unknown mechanism. We identify two Arabidopsis genes that are essential for the CIRA process: CIRA12 encodes a phosphatidylserine (PS) decarboxylase and CIRA13, a phospholipase Dζ, implying that specific changes in anionic membrane lipids mediate alamethicin resistance. Fluorescent sensors revealed that cellulase induced a laterally asymmetric decrease in PS and surface charge to outer periclinal root epidermal PMs. Consistently, the CIRA response was reversed by addition of lysoPS. CIRA13 is essential for vesicle trafficking, which in turn is crucial for CIRA induction. Overall, cellulase induces a cellular polarity with respect to phospholipids, not previously observed in plants, that is leading to increased lipid packing and preventing peptaibol permeabilization of the outer periclinal membrane
Peritoneal recurrence following nephrectomy for localized renal cancer : A multicenter European real-world analysis of incidence, pattern and treatment (PEMET study–UroCCR 124)
No full textBackground: Peritoneal recurrence (PREC) following nephrectomy for localized renal cancer (RCC) is rare. Our objective was to report a multicenter analysis of PREC to analyze incidence, treatment, survival and risk factors. Methods: Between 1987 and 2023, patients with PREC following radical or partial nephrectomy (PN) for localized RCC across ten European institutions (UroCCR, NKI, IRCCS, Foch and Gustave Roussy centers) were included. PREC patterns were defined as isolated PREC (iPREC) and PREC associated with other metastatic sites (mPREC). The main objective was to evaluate PREC incidence (n PREC / n RCC surgeries). Secondary objectives were to assess PREC treatments, patients survival and risk factors associated with iPREC as compared to mPREC. Results: We included 117 patients with PREC, including 35 iPREC (30%) and 82 mPREC (70%). PREC incidence was 0.88%. Compared to mPREC, iPREC was significantly associated with PN (OR 4.1, 95% CI [1.7–9.5], P = 0.001), minimally invasive surgery (MIS) (OR 3.3, 95% CI [1.3–8.2], P = 0.007), and lower Leibovich risk scores (OR 4.6, 95% CI [1.9–11.0], P = 0.001). In multivariable analysis, Leibovich score remained significant (OR 3.3, 95% CI [1.2–8.8], P = 0.016). Treatment was mainly systemic (66.7%). Surgical treatment was performed in 11 iPREC cases, with 10 patients remaining progression-free at a median follow-up of 54 months. Overall survival was significantly better in iPREC group (P = 0.007). Conclusions: PREC incidence was below 1%. Our results suggest 2 distinct mechanisms. One involves local spread, potentially favored by MIS and PN, while the other corresponds to a metastatic dissemination driven by tumor aggressiveness. iPREC appears to have better prognosis as compared to mPREC and be effectively treated with surgery
No evidence for a link between mental health symptoms and pain thresholds
No full textBackground and Objectives: Previous studies have suggested associations between pain perception and psychological factors such as mood, distress, fatigue, and quality of life. However, these factors and their relationship to pain sensitivity have typically been investigated in isolation and with insufficient sample sizes. To address these limitations, we examine the interplay between distinct psychological factors and thermal pain sensitivity in a large adult sample. Methods: We implemented a multivariate latent variable modeling approach in a sizable sample of adult participants (n = 257), to examine the interplay between distinct psychological factors and thermal pain sensitivity. Using exploratory factor analysis of 10 mental health questionnaires, we identified three psychological factors related to distress, fatigue and bodily symptoms. Additionally, we established a measure of laboratory pain sensitivity by applying principal component analysis to three thermal pain thresholds (cold, heat, and combined cold and heat). Results: Regression analyses revealed no significant relationships between psychological factors and laboratory measures of thermal pain across individuals ranging from asymptomatic to those with subclinical and clinical mental health manifestations. Conclusion: Our findings provide no evidence supporting an association between psychological factors, either individually or collectively, and thermal pain sensitivity
A High Rate of Acute Injuries in Para Alpine Skiing—A Combined Prospective Study of Injuries Reported at the Sochi 2014, PyeongChang 2018, and Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games
No full textPara Alpine skiing is one of the largest sports at the Paralympic Winter Games. Recent studies report high injury rates in this sport. However, limited evidence exists regarding sport-specific injury characteristics, which is essential for targeted prevention. The aim of this study was to describe the overall incidence proportion and incidence of injuries reported by athletes participating in Alpine skiing at the Sochi 2014, PyeongChang 2018, and Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games, and to describe injuries by sex, age, impairment, competition period, onset (chronicity), anatomical area, and estimated injury burden. Prospective epidemiological data regarding injuries at the three Paralympic Games (including 486 athletes and 6002 athlete days) were reported by medical staff through the validated web-based injury and illness surveillance system (WEB-IISS) and Paralympic polyclinics. Data were coded and analyzed according to the IOC Para consensus statement using descriptive and analytical statistics (incidence, incidence proportion with 95% CIs, and generalized linear Poisson's regression modeling). The overall injury incidence was 29.4 (95% CI 24.9–34.6) injuries per 1000 athlete days, with an incidence proportion of 28.4%. Injury incidence was significantly higher in the pre-competition period (54.4; 95% CI 42.5–69.7) compared with the competition period (21.2; 95% CI 17.2–26.1). Acute injuries predominated, with 24% of athletes sustaining at least one acute injury during the Games. The head/face/neck (24%) and knee (20%) were most affected. Common mechanisms included collisions and loss of control. Ten percent of injuries resulted in > 28 days of expected time loss, and the overall injury burden was 70.6 days lost per 1000 days. No difference in injury incidence was found with regards to sex and age. Athletes with limb deficiency reported the highest injury proportions, followed by those with spinal cord injury. Across three Paralympic Games, nearly one-third of Para Alpine skiers sustained an injury. These findings highlight a need for enhanced prevention strategies, particularly those targeting the high-risk pre-competition period and focusing on mechanisms to protect the head/face/neck and knee
Four ways to understand what’s going on with the US, Denmark and Greenland
No full textFeel overwhelmed but realise the need to understand what's going on? Academic analytical frameworks can help.European countries, and Denmark in particular, are scrambling to respond to threats from US officials over the future of Greenland.Having successfully taken out the leadership of Venezuela in a raid on January 3, an emboldened US government is talking about simply taking Greenland for itself.But the latest developments demonstrate that Trump’s US can no longer be trusted as a long-term ally – to Greenland and Denmark, the EU and Europe.This is a crisis engulfing many countries and triggered by many drivers.In order to understand this complex situation, we can use four different analytical approaches from academic thinking. These can help us contextualise not just the Greenland case, but also the emerging multipolar world of “might makes right”.4. The planetary approachThe final – and most important – view is found in the planetary politics approach. This approach is based on the simple observation that so many planetary crises, such as global heating, mass extinctions of wildlife, climate refugees, rising autocracy and the return of international conflict are deeply interrelated and so can only be understood when considered together.From this perspective it is Greenland’s sustainability and Greenlanders’ lives that must shape the understanding of Denmark’s and other European responses to Trump’s claims. It is through acknowledging the deep relationship that indigenous people have to their ecology that solutions can be found.And Greenlanders have already expressed their vision for the future. Living on the frontline of the climate crisis, they want an economy built on resilience – not on ego-driven political drama.While it’s quick and easy to to judge the events in Venezuela or Greenland in terms of the daily news cycle, the four perspectives set out here force people to think for themselves how best to understand complex international crises.There is, however, a final observation to emphasise. Only one of these perspectives is likely to bring any way of thinking ourselves out of our planetary political crisis
An automated platform for accelerating and focusing adaptive laboratory evolution
No full textThe rate of change in adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE), in which a population of microorganisms is continuously cultivated under a specific selective pressure, is controlled by the cellular mutagenesis rate and the randomness of where in the genetic material mutations are introduced. The constant selection pressure makes it a crucial, yet slow, method in developing microorganisms with novel phenotypes for which a rational engineering pathway is either too complex or unknown. A variety of targeted genome editing methods to accelerate evolution and facilitate the engineering of complex novel traits are available. However, these protocols require (nearly) as many successive transformation steps as loci they target, leaving the actual engineering process quite labor-intense, cumbersome, and at odds with the continuous nature of ALE. Here, we provide a fully integrated microfluidic platform that automates and accelerates bacterial transformation by electroporation to the mere push of a button. We demonstrate the functionality and effect by using oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis in an ALE experiment to accelerate the engineering of riboflavin prototrophy into Escherichia coli
