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Rethinking Israeli Development towards Palestinians of ’48: Economic Policies and Colonial Structures
No full textOnline, spatiotemporally resolved characterization of aluminum atom puffing during the ignition of micron-sized aluminum wire
No full textThis paper presents the first online, in-situ experimental evidence of the puffing behavior of aluminium (Al) atoms during the ignition of a micron-sized Al wire. As the protective alumina (Al2O3) layer ruptures, spatially resolved laser absorption measurements reveal the outward puffing of Al atoms from the molten Al wire core. These Al atoms then react with the surrounding oxidizers, leading to the formation of the visible Al2O3 particle condensation layer. Moreover, these Al atoms exhibit an expanding velocity that surpasses that of the impinging bulk gases, allowing them to distribute beyond the Al2O3 particle condensation layer under fuel rich conditions
‘Aisha’s hijab isn’t a whisper’: agency, visibility, and transformative otherwise in Muslim women’s picture books
No full textThis chapter examines recent picture books by Muslim women authors as creative interventions in a literary field shaped by secularist norms, racialised market conventions, and the marginalisation of devotional themes. It begins by identifying the conceptual problems that structure scholarship on “religious children’s literature,” particularly the reliance on a rigid religious/secular binary. Such distinctions fail to capture the hybrid, ambiguous, and transformative creativity that characterises contemporary Muslim women’s authorship.Through an analysis of acclaimed picture books that thematise the hijab, the chapter shows how recent literature negotiates visibility, agency, and gender by engaging with Islamically coded symbols, practices, and aesthetics without reducing the stories to denominational didacticism. The chapter illuminates how recent literature depicts everyday Muslim girlhood through motifs of social care, embodied agency, and publicly visible piety, challenging genre boundaries and forging innovative engagements with devotional tradition.Far from merely addressing gaps in representation, these authors and artists hence expand the imaginative and affective repertoires of the field, constituting a transformative literary otherwise: a creative reimagining of childhood that contests minoritising frameworks by mobilising complex social experience, devotional virtues and aesthetics, and the joys and anxieties of Muslim selfhood as literary-cum-social resources for everyday life. The chapter concludes by reflecting on the possibilities—and limits—of such interventions within a publishing landscape still governed by secularist and minoritising market conventions
Exploring Lignin Conformation in Organic and Deep Eutectic Solvents Using Small-Angle Neutron Scattering
No full textLignin, a structurally intricate and heterogeneous phenolic biopolymer, holds considerable promise as a sustainable alternative to petrochemical-derived materials across diverse applications in the energy and materials sectors. However, precise lignin molecular weight and structure determination remains challenging due to its intrinsic tendency to aggregate in solution and the absence of chemically analogous polymer standards for chromatographic techniques. By employing small-angle neutron scattering, this study aims at precise measurement of lignin’s polymeric conformation, aggregation behavior, and radius of gyration in organic gel permeation chromatography/NMR solvent, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and in an emerging class of solvent systems known as deep eutectic solvents (DES). These “designer” solvents, formed from tailored hydrogen bond donors and acceptors, are gaining importance for lignin extraction from biomass and analytical characterization. However, their influence on lignin conformation in solutions remains unexplored. Our study reveals that both organosolv and Indulin AT kraft lignin in THF exhibit loosely associated polymeric conformations. Upon D2O addition, Indulin AT undergoes moderate swelling, suggestive of partial dissolution, while organosolv lignin undergoes substantial elongation with directional ordering, resulting in flexible rod-like structures. Lignin oil from a reductive catalytic fractionation process (RCF), in contrast, remains well-dispersed in THF and shows minimal structural change with solvent polarity modulation via D2O addition. Indulin AT and organosolv lignin solvated in the choline chloride/oxalic acid/ethylene glycol DES adopt dense, cylindrical morphologies. These structures show moderate temperature sensitivity and notable resistance to D2O-induced structural perturbation, highlighting strong lignin–DES interactions. Additionally, lignin extracted from cocoa bean shells using a diol-based DES and subsequently dissolved in the same solvent demonstrates a fractal-like morphology, which evolves with D2O content and temperature, revealing a complex solvation landscape. These results offer molecular-level insight into lignin’s solvent-dependent structural transitions, enabling more accurate molecular weight estimation and supporting optimization of lignin processing for high-performance biobased formulations and advanced materials
Angular-dependent interatomic potential for large-scale simulation of bcc and hcp multi-component refractory alloys
No full textThis work is devoted to the development and comprehensive validation of a new interatomic potential for bcc and hcp refractory alloys based on the Wsingle bondMosingle bondNbsingle bondTasingle bondZrsingle bondTi system. The presented model allows the simulation of various structural transformations, as well as the behavior of crystal defects in several of the phases observed in this system. The classical form of the potential enables simulations of atomic systems comprising up to atoms for durations longer than a million time steps using a routine computational setting. The wide applicability of the developed model is demonstrated by the example of studying phase transformations in Tisingle bondNb alloys and the properties of defects in Laves phases
Steel decarbonisation in the early 21st century : Innovation, clean power and modern industrial policy
No full textThe global steel industry is a complex socio-technical system of strategicimportance, producing close to 10 percent of global emissions. Decarbonizing thissystem will significantly impact energy use, supply chain configurations, andinternational competitiveness, with geopolitical implications. Governments acrossthe world are therefore turning towards industrial policy to accelerate atransformation and boost competitiveness of domestic industries.This thesis investigates the role of green industrial policy for the decarbonisation ofsteelmaking at three different levels of analysis: the firm, domestic policy and globalmarket level. First, by exploring the first radical decarbonising innovation projectHYBRIT in Northern Sweden through the lens of the innovative enterprise.Favourable internal strategic, organisational and financial conditions enabled theproject, with spillover effects on the rest of the steel industry. Second, by combiningtheoretical insights from the literature on energy systems and industrial policy onthe factors affecting the reconfiguration of global steel supply chains. Energy costsare pivotal for the decarbonisation of energy-intensive industry, and one of multiplefactors shaping international competitiveness. Third, by exploring the potential ofpolicies for deliberate decline in breaking the carbon lock-in associated with steelovercapacity. Although supportive policies have enabled early progress in lowcarbonsteelmaking, accelerating sector-wide decarbonization will require greateremphasis on deliberate decline and reducing overcapacity.By applying theoretical insights from the literatures on innovation, energy systems,and green industrial policy, this thesis argues that ambitious policy initiatives arecritical enablers of the emergent transformation of steelmaking. These initiativeshave not only been motivated by sustainability targets, but also by geopoliticalcompetition. Policy achievements are however constrained by politicalfragmentation and discontinuity in the EU and the US
Manipulating Thermoacoustic Streaming : Measuring the Synergy of Laser-induced Temperature Gradients and Ultrasonic Pressure Fields in Acoustofluidic Microchannels
No full textIn Acoustofluidics, sound pressure waves can cause a force field on the liquid in a microfluidic channel. The forces depend on density and compressibility of the medium as well as the pressure and velocity amplitude of the sound. The forces lead to a steady flow in the bulk of the fluid, namely acoustic streaming. If a localized change in temperature introduces a gradient in compressibility and density, the force landscape changes accordingly. As a consequence, thermoacoustic streaming arises and replaces the acoustic streaming in velocity and shape. In the experiments for this thesis, a laser beam with a diameter of a third of the microchannel's width creates a localized temperature hot spot through absorption of the light, resulting in a temperature gradient.In the first study, the thermoacoustic streaming effects of such a gradient are classified in 3D. Firstly, the setup, that was built specifically for the experiments in this thesis, is introduced. The shape of the temperature gradient is varied through the amount of absorbed light across the channel height z and the position of the laser spot in x and y. A simulation is shown to support our understanding of the effect.In the second study, the time scales for the build-up and decay of the thermoacoustic streaming are investigated through imaging at a high frame rate and the temperature gradient is measured using a temperature sensitive fluorophore. A video is included, to demonstrate how toggling of the ultrasound with pre-established temperature gradient can deflect single particles from their original position in the channel, demonstrating the effects potential for sorting applications.For the third study, we introduce a substance called DMSO to the channel.Its compressibility changes with increasing temperatures such that a reversal of the thermoacoustic streaming takes place in the temperature range of 20-50°C. By controlling those quantities, compressibility and density, through the background temperature of the whole channel, the acoustic force landscape and the resulting thermoacoustic flow is manipulated. The temperature gradient originating from the laser remains the same and we show through varying concentrations of the substance and by changing the background temperature, that the acoustic body force landscape can be manipulated in a way that the direction of the streaming reverses. A video shows how the streaming slows down, changes direction and speeds up again, during a gradually increasing background temperature for unchanged laser- and ultrasound actuation. The aims of this thesis work are: to classify the newly found thermoacoustic streaming for a localized, laser-induced temperature gradient, to show how rapid the response of an acoustofluidic system is, to demonstrate how the phenomenon can be shaped and manipulated and to present an outlook on application possibilities for future studies
