Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pertanian Indonesia
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Karakteristik Emulsifier Mono-Diasil Gliserol (MDAG) dari Crude Palm Oil (CPO) yang berasal dari Fat Pit pada Berbagai Konsentrasi Katalis NaOH
Get PDFMono - Diasilgliserol (MDAG) merupakan merupakan emulsifier yang paling banyak digunakan dalam industri makanan. Emulsifier merupakan salah satu produk oleokimia yang bernilai ekonomis tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik MDAG yang dihasilkan dari etanolisis crude palm oil (CPO) yang berasal dari Fat Pit dengan menggunakan katalis NaOH. Reaksi etanolisis dilakukan pada suhu 50C selama 30 menit. Konsentrasi katalis NaOH yang digunakan adalah 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% dan 5% dari berat minyak. Proses pemisahan dilakukan dengan menggunakan sentifus. Karakteristik MDAG yang diamati adalah kadar air, asam lemak bebas (alb) dan kemampuannya sebagai emulsifier berupa kemampuan produk menurunkan tegangan permukaan, dan menstabilkan emulsi minyak air. Kadar air MDAG yang dihasilkan antara 0,027% - 0,14%, alb antara 1,27% - 0,14%, tegangan permukaan antara 26,76 dyne/cm 34,86 dyne/cm dan kestabilan emulsi yang terbentuk antara 135 detik 181,2 detik
Pengukuran Viskositas beberapa Produk Minyak Goreng Kelapa Sawit setelah Pemanasan
Get PDFMeasurement of palm oil viscosity after heat treatment has been done. The sample is palm oil packaging and bulk ones Falling body method is used as an instrument to determine the coefficient of viscosity which had previously been calibrated using water and REFPROP. The measurement results showed that the coefficient of viscosity of palm cooking oil that has been used 10 times for 30 minuted will rise by 76% for oil packs A and about 45% for a sample of bulk, respectively. For palm oil used once but its has been using for one hour, the viscosity will be comparable to 6 times the use of the cooking oil used for 30 minutes. Thus based on the masurement of viscosity value, the palm oil will have a viscosity values are relatively small when used often, but in a short time than is used only once, but in a relatively longer
Produksi Asam Laktat oleh Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus dengan Sumber Karbon Tetes Tebu
Get PDFSenyawa asam laktat sangat dibutuhkan di dunia industri. Namun produksi dengan menggunakan mikrob masih menggunakan bahan pangan sebagai substratnya. Alternatif substrat untuk produksi asam laktat sebagai pengganti penggunaan bahan pangan sangat diperlukan industri. Tetes tebu merupakan salah satu substrat yang kaya akan sumber karbon yang dapat digunakan sebagai komponen media pertumbuhan bakteri. Ketersediaannya melimpah dan harganya murah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah tetes tebu dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif sumber karbon bakteri Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus untuk menghasilkan asam laktat. Langkah penelitian ini meliputi hidrolisis dan detoksifikasi tetes tebu, uji kualitatif gula pereduksi tetes tebu, analisis gula total dengan metode fenol sulfat, penentuan kurva pertumbuhan bakteri, produksi dan ekstraksi asam laktat, serta analisis kualitatif asam laktat dengan menggunakan kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tetes tebu dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif sumber karbon. Hal ini terbukti bakteri dapat tumbuh dengan baik ketika media diberi 0.5% tetes tebu. Konsentrasi gula total tetes tebu adalah 1090 g/L. Uji gula pereduksi menunjukkan hasil yang positif untuk uji Selliwanof, uji Benedict, dan uji Barfoed. Pertumbuhan optimum L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus terjadi pada suhu 42C dengan agitasi 150 rpm. Produksi asam laktat dilakukan selama 24 jam. Kadar asam laktat yang dihasilkan sebesar 2.80% dengan biomassa sel kering sebesar 0.002 g/L dan pH media fermentasi sebesar 4.0. Hasil analisis kualitatif kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi juga menunjukkan bahwa produk dari hasil fermentasi adalah asam laktat.Abstract.Lactic acid is needed as an industrial feed. However, by using a microbial production still uses food material as a substrate. Alternative substrates for the production of lactic acid is needed in industry. Molasses are potential substrates due to the richness in carbon. Molasses also widely available and low-cost material. The objective of the research is molasses can be used as a carbon source needed by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus to produce lactic acid. This study consisted of hydrolysis and detoxification of molasses, analysis qualitative test of reducing sugar from molasses, analysis of total sugar by phenol sulfuric acid, determination of bacterial growth, production and extraction of lactic acid, and analysis of lactic acid using high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that molasses can be used as an alternative carbon source as indicated by growth of bacteria when the media were given 0.5% molasses. Concentration of total sugar molasses was 1090 g/L. The reducing sugar test showed positive results for the Selliwanoff, Benedict, and Barfoed tests. The optimum of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus growth was at temperature of 42 C and 150 rpm of agitation. Production of lactic acid was conducted in 24 hours. The result of lactic acid from the production was 2.80%. The dry cell biomass was 0.002 g/ L at pH of fermentation media was 4.0. Analysis HPLC also showed that lactic acid was the product of fermentation
Kajian Prospek Agroindustri Fillet Ikan Patin di Kabupaten Mesuji, Provinsi Lampung
Get PDFThis study aimed to identify the type of catfish commodity based-Agroindustry that are potential to be developed in Mesuji Regency and to know the value added potential commodity processing into agro-industry products. The methods used in this research were survey and interview method. Data analysis at the research stage consists of determining the types of processed products using Analytical Hierarchy Process devices and determination of added value using Hayami method. The results showed that catfish was a potential fishery commodity to be developed in Mesuji District with an alternative processing in the form of fillets. Processing of catfish into fillet gives added value of Rp. 12,355 and profit of Rp. 10.242 per kg of raw material
Kualitas Bokasi dari Kotoran Berbagai Jenis Hewan
Get PDFCow manure, different to other manures, has been frequently used as raw material of bokasi along with other organic waste materials such as sawdust, rice husk ash, and bran. This study aimed to utilize various livestock manures as one of the organic material in the production of bokasi. A completely randomized design with 2 replications was used in this study, which consisted of two factors: type of livestock manure (J) and proportion of livestock manure (P) of the total bokasi raw material. Factor J consisted of 3 levels: J1 (cow manure), J2 (goats manure), and J3 (chicken manure), while factor P consisted of 4 levels: P1 (35%), P2 (45%), P3 (55%), and P4 (65%). Analysis of the bokasi quality included: total microorganisms, moisture content, pH, temperature, C element, N element N, C/N ratio, organoleptic (texture, smell and color), and the plants growth (height) test. The results showed that the type of livestock manure (J) effected very significant on total microorganisms, C, N and C/N ratio of bokasi, as well as significant on plant height. Based on the results of the C, N and C/N ratio it was known that the best bokasi resulted by chicken manure. It met the standard of INS (Indonesian National Standard). The proportion of manure affected very significant on water content as well as significant on N and plant height
Pengaruh Kadar Air dan Persamaan Model Bet untuk Prediksi Masa Simpan Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.)
Get PDFEffect of moisture content and BET equation to the shelf life of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) has been conducted. Increasing the quality of cocoa beans is with proper post-harvest handling, including how the harvest, the level of ripeness, curing, fermenting, drying up storage. The purpose of this study was to determine the water content and the appropriate levels of critical in determining the shelf life of cocoa. The benefits of this research are as information for farmers in determining the shelf life of cocoa in order to design a storage area corresponding to the respiratory system owned by cocoa. The results showed that the effect of fermentation facilitator (Staphilococcus cerevisiae) and drying temperature on water content showed that the fermentation facilitator (Staphilococcus cerevisiae) highly significant effect on water content. The drying temperature is also highly significant effect on water content. BET equation obtained was Y = 2,912x + 1.238 (R2 = 0.965), Y = 2,897x + 1.353 (R2 = 0.968) and Y = 2,806x + 1.89 (R2 = 0.954)
Penghambatan Peningkatan Kadar Asam Lemak Bebas (Free Fatty Acid) pada Buah Kelapa Sawit dengan Menggunakan Asap Cair
Get PDFAbstract One cause of the increase in free fatty acids (FFA) in Crude Palm Oil (CPO) is the activity of lipase-producing microorganisms in the oil palm fruit. Lipase is a biocatalisator which accelerate oil-hydrolysis reaction. High Free Fatty Acid Levels (FFA) will caused rancidity, change the taste and color of the oil. To solve this problem, post-harvest palm fruits should treat with some special treatment, e.g. addition of anti-microbial material, such as liquid smoke The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of liquid smoke on oil palm fruit, the inhibition of elevated levels of free fatty acids (FFA) on CPO. The factors reviewed in this study is the concentration of liquid smoke used; 5, 15, and 25% and the standing time; 12, 16 and 20 hours. The parameters observed in this study are free fatty acids (FFA), water, and impurities. The results showed that the higher the concentration of liquid smoke added, the higher inhibition of oil hydrolysis. CPO levels of FFA decreased at approximately 0,03 to 0,37% after the addition of liquid smoke. Highest inhibition on ALB increase was obtained in the treatment of the sample with the addition of 25% liquid smoke and 12 hours of standing time, which is 2,46%.Keywords: Crude Palm Oil (CPO), Free Fatty Acid (FFA), Water, Impurities, Liquid Smoke.Abstrak Salah satu penyebab peningkatan asam lemak bebas (ALB) di dalam Crude Palm Oil (CPO) adalah, karena adanya aktivitas mikroorganisme penghasil lipase di dalam buah kelapa sawit. Lipase merupakan biokatalisator yang mempercepat reaksi hidrolisis minyak. Kadar Asam Lemak Bebas (ALB) yang tinggi menyebabkan ketengikan, perubahan rasa dan warna pada minyak. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, buah kelapa sawit perlu diberi perlakuan khusus, yaitu penambahan bahan anti mikroba pada buah kelapa sawit pasca panen, salah satunya adalah asap cair. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan asap cair pada buah kelapa sawit, terhadap penghambatan peningkatan kadar asam lemak bebas (ALB) pada CPO. Adapun faktor yang ditinjau dalam penelitian ini adalah konsentrasi asap cair yang digunakan, yaitu 5, 15, dan 25% dan waktu pendiaman, yaitu 12, 16, dan 20 jam. Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini antara lain, asam lemak bebas (ALB), air, dan kotoran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi asap cair yang ditambahkan, maka penghambatan hidrolisis minyak semakin tinggi. Kadar ALB pada CPO yang dihasilkan menurun sekitar 0,62 2,55% setelah penambahan asap cair. Penghambatan peningkatan ALB tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan sampel dengan penambahan 25% asap cair dan waktu pendiaman 12 jam, yaitu 2.46%.Kata kunci : Crude Palm Oil (CPO), Asam Lemak Bebas (ALB), Air, Kotoran (Impuritis), Asap cair (Liquid Smoke
Pengaruh Jenis Bunga Dan Waktu Pemetikan Terhadap Sifat Fisikokimia dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Minyak Atsiri Bunga Kenanga (Cananga odorata)
Get PDFEssential oil is oil produced from plant extracts which is volatile at room temperature and has a unique fragrant smell as such its plant source. Cananga flower produces essential oil. This oil has antibacterial properties since it contains karyophyllene. This kind of oil was extracted by using steam and water method. Antibacterial test was conducted against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by using disc diffusion method with 200 uL concentration. The research design used a randomized block design (RBD) with factorial pattern containing two factors. The first factor was type of flower (Cananga) (J) with three levels, namely J1 = big flower, J2 = small flower, J3 = combination of big and small flowers. The second factor was picking time (W) with two levels; W1 = in the morning, and W2 = in the evening. Combination treatment in this study was 2 3 = 6 (six) treatments with three (3) repetitions, thus obtained 18 experimental units. The results showed that the type of flower and picking time had no correlation to the yield, density, refractive index, but they revealed interaction or significant effect on the antibacterial test
Analisis Kepuasan Konsumen Terhadap Kue Baytat Bengkulu
Get PDFThe aim of research was to identify the attributes that baytat consumers want, determine the customer satisfaction of baytat cake and get a map attributes of baytat cake. Locations were selected intentionally (purposive). Variables and attributes used are: 1) quality of product (color of cake, aroma of cake, texture of cake, taste of cake, and the shelf life of product), 2) packaging products (appeal illustration, color packaging, capabilities of packaging to protect the product, practicality packaging) and 3) price of product. Identify the attributes that consumers want analyzed by validity and reliability test; used 22 respondents. Level of customer satisfaction was analyzed by CSI (Customer Satisfaction Index) and map attributes were analyzed using Importance Performance Analysis (IPA); total respondents are 100 consumers with convenience sampling technique. The results showed that the attributes that consumers want baytat is an attraction illustration, color packaging, packaging capabilities protect products, practical packaging, the color of the cake, cake aroma, the texture of the cake, cake flavor, shelf life of products and product prices. CSI analysis results indicate the level of customer satisfaction with cake baytat of 80.41%. Map quadrant of the following attributes: quadrant 1 (the color of the cake and the price of the product), Quadrant II (cake flavor, aroma of cookies and texture of the cake), Quadrant III (packaging capabilities, appeal of the packaging and packaging color) and Quadrant IV (the shelf life of product and practicality packaging)
Lipid Oxidation In Oil-In-Water Emulsions: A Mini Review
Get PDFEmulsion technology has been emerged into food industries widely. Researches in emulsion and its application have been done intensively particularly to understand emulsion behavior in relation to its stability. Stability of emulsion indicates stability of food products therefore attempt to identify the causes of instability increases. This mini review underlines lipid oxidation in oil in water emulsion including emulsion definition, factors involved in determining the rate of lipid oxidation, common cause of oxidative instability and some case examples of lipid oxidation in emulsion