Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika dan IPA
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CHITOSAN INHIBITION TEST AGAINST E. coli AND DIGESTIBILITY OF THE RATION IN THE IN-VITRO METHOD
Full text linkDiarrhea and vomiting are often caused by E coli bacteria. E coli bacteria has a strain of Shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC), producing Shiga poisons or poisons such as Shiga (verotoxin) which are harmful and pollute nature. This strain of the E coli bacterium has a detrimental effect because it excludes one or both types of Shiga Like Toxin -1 (Stx -1) and Shiga Like Toxin-2 (Stx-2) toxins. This bacterial infection has the potential as a zoonotic agent because it has been found in feces and sheep meat, feces and beef meat, chicken feces and human feces. If this bacterial colony inceases in the digestive tract of poultry it will disturb the productivity of the livestock. Therefore it must be watched out and studied more deeply. The objectives of the study are 1) to see the inhibitory power of chitosan on the growth and development of E coli bacteria in vitro 2) the test of digestibility of dry matter (BK) and crude protein (PK) ration in vitro. The treatments given in this test are: R0 = control (without chitosan), R1 = 0.5% chitosan, R2 = 1% chitosan, R3 = 1.5% chitosan, R4 = 2% chitosan, R5 = 2.5% chitosan. The parameters measured were 1) inhibition of chitosan against E. coli growth based on clear zone diameter 2) digestibility of dry matter (BK) and crude protein (PK) ration in vitro. The results showed that the higher level of chitosan administration showed greater inhibition, which was indicated by the greater diameter of the clear zone caused. The provision of 2.5% chitosan shows medium inhibition that is has a range of 10-14 mm. The addition of a dose of 1.5% chitosan in the ration was able to increase the digestibility of dry matter by 7.86% and the digestibility of crude protein 11.20% higher than the control treatment (without chitosan). The conclusion of this study is that chitosan can inhibit the growth of E coli and improve the digestibility of dry matter (BK) and crude protein (PK) for the better.AbstrakPenyakit diare dan muntah-muntah sering disebabkan oleh bakteri E coli. Bakteri E coli memiliki strain Shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC), menghasilkan racun Shiga atau racun seperti Shiga (verotoxin) yang berbahaya dan mencemari alam. Strain dari bakteri E coli ini mempunyai efek merugikan karena mengeluarkan salah satu atau kedua jenis toxin Shiga Like Toxin -1 (Stx -1) maupun Shiga Like Toxin-2 (Stx-2). Infeksi bakteri ini berpotensi sebagai agen zoonosis karena sudah pernah ditemukan pada feses dan daging domba, feses dan daging sapi serta feses ayam dan feses manusia. Jika koloni bakteri ini tinggi dalam saluran pencernaan unggas akan mengganggu produktivitas ternak tersebut. Oleh sebab itu harus diwaspadai dan dikaji lebih mendalam. Tujuan penelitian adalah 1) melihat daya hambat kitosan terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bakteri E coli secara in vitro 2) menguji kecernaan bahan kering (BK) dan protein kasar (PK) ransum secara in vitro. Perlakuan yang diberikan dalam pengujian ini adalah: R0 = kontrol (tanpa kitosan), R1 = 0,5% kitosan, R2 = 1 % kitosan, R3 = 1,5% kitosan, R4 = 2% kitosan, R5 = 2,5% kitosan. Parameter yang diukur adalah 1) daya hambat kitosan terhadap pertumbuhan E. coli berdasarkan diameter zona bening (in vitro) 2) kecernaan bahan kering (BK) dan protein kasar (PK) ransum secara in vitro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi level pemberian kitosan menunjukkan daya hambat yang semakin besar yang ditandai oleh semakin besarnya diameter zona bening yang ditimbulkan. Pemberian 2,5% kitosan menunjukkan daya hambat sedang yaitu memiliki range 10 - 14 mm. Penambahan dosis 1,5% kitosan dalam ransum, mampu meningkatkan kecernaan bahan kering 7,86% dan kecernaan protein kasar 11,20% lebih tinggi dari perlakuan kontrol (tanpa kitosan). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah bahwa kitosan mampu menghambat pertumbuhan E coli dan meningkatkan kecernaan bahan kering (BK) serta protein kasar (PK) menjadi lebih baik.Kata kunci: Kitosan, daya hambat, E. coli, kecernaan ransum, in vitr
COLLABORATION OF THE ETHNOBOTANY MATERIALS WITH THE ENVIRONMENTAL CARE ATTITUDE OF STUDENTS
Full text linkOne of the traditional utilization forms using diverse plants was a self-care ritual, which was anciently previously found in the tradition performed by women in the Qadriyah Palace of Pontianak Sultanate. The self-care ritual was aimed to treat either health-related problems or common diseases. Therefore, this ethnobotany study of the women self-care ritual was purposely implemented through a folding poster media in the tenth-grade sub-material of Senior High Schools, regarding the utilization of biodiversity in the field of cosmetics and medicines. The learning activity was collaboratively carried out with the teachers, so that students can recognize and preserve the varieties of beneficial plants in their environmental surroundings. The class selected as the subject of this study was class of X IPA 2. The collaborative learning process took place in two meetings; beginning with plan 1, performance 1, reflection 1; and plan 2, performance 2, and reflection 2 simultaneously in each meeting, with a duration of 90 minutes. The first cycle successfully implemented the ethnobotanic self-care-based folding poster media, previously performed by women in the Qadriyah Palace of Pontianak Sultanate’s environment, which had previously been validated by lecturers and teachers and was declared fit for use. Meanwhile, in the cycle 2, the media used was a flipbook. The results showed that collaborative learning using ethnobotany-based media can promote an environmental caring attitude amongst the tenth-grade students of SMAN 10 Pontianak
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR ALJABAR LINEAR ELEMENTER BERDASARKAN KEMAMPUAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS
Full text linkThe purpose of this study is to develop: 1. elementary linear algebra teaching materials based on mathematical connection skills; 2. syllabus and lecture plan; 3. test mathematical connection skills. This type of research is a research and development approach whose research design consists of four stages, namely defining, planning, developing, and dissiminating. Data analysis techniques in this study describe narratively the steps in developing teaching materials. Based on the results of the analysis of the data obtained that: 1) the stages of developing teaching materials starting from the stages of defining, designing, until the first stage of development, namely expert validation. From this stage of development a revised elementary linear algebra teaching material has been produced based on input from three validators. Teaching materials compiled consist of four materials, namely systems of linear equations, matrices, inverses, and matrix determinants; 2) based on the opinions of three experts, elementary linear algebra teaching materials that have been compiled are classified as valid and good in terms of accuracy of contents, digestibility, use of language, so that they can be used to develop mathematical connection skills.AbstrakTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan: 1. bahan ajar aljabar linier dasar berdasarkan keterampilan koneksi matematika; 2. silabus dan rencana kuliah; 3. menguji keterampilan koneksi matematika. Jenis penelitian ini adalah pendekatan penelitian dan pengembangan yang desain penelitiannya terdiri dari empat tahap, yaitu mendefinisikan, merencanakan, mengembangkan, dan menyebarluaskan. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggambarkan secara naratif langkah-langkah dalam mengembangkan bahan ajar. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data diperoleh bahwa: 1) tahap pengembangan bahan ajar mulai dari tahap pendefinisian, perancangan, hingga tahap pertama pengembangan, yaitu validasi ahli. Dari tahap pengembangan ini bahan ajar aljabar linier revisi telah dihasilkan berdasarkan masukan dari tiga validator. Bahan ajar yang disusun terdiri dari empat bahan, yaitu sistem persamaan linear, matriks, invers, dan determinan matriks; 2) berdasarkan pendapat tiga ahli, bahan ajar aljabar linier dasar yang telah disusun diklasifikasikan sebagai valid dan baik dalam hal keakuratan isi, kecernaan, penggunaan bahasa, sehingga dapat digunakan untuk mengembangkan keterampilan koneksi matematis.Kata Kunci: bahan ajar, kemampuan koneksi matemati
PENERAPAN METODE INQUIRY SEBAGAI USAHA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA PADA MATERI PENGGOLONGAN HEWAN DI KELAS IV SD SELUMA
No full textThis study aims to determine the increase in learning outcomes of students in 4th grade Seluma 28th Public Elementary School on natural science subjects classifying animals by using the inquiry method. The research subjects 18 students, consisting of 10 male students and 8 female students. This type of research is classroom action research. This research consists of three stages, namely 1). Planning, 2). Actions, 3). Observation, and 4) Reflection. This research was conducted in three cycles, namely Pre-Cycle, Cycle I, and Cycle II. The data collection technique was carried out by observing what was done by the teacher and the supervisor 2. From the results of the research conducted, it was seen an increase in student learning outcomes from each cycle. In the pre-cycle implementation, the average value of student learning outcomes is 64.44 with 50% completeness. In cycle I the average value of student learning outcomes is 76.11 with 72% completeness. In cycle II the average value of student learning outcomes is 88.89 with 100% completeness. From the results of this learning improvement study, it can be seen that the application of the inquiry method to the subjects of Natural Sciences classifying Animals can improve the learning outcomes of Grade IV students at SD Negeri 28 Seluma.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar siswa kelas IV SD Negeri 28 Seluma pada mata pelajaran IPA pokok bahasan Menggolongkan Hewan dengan menggunakan metode inquiry. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa-siswi kelas IV SD Negeri 28 Seluma yang berjumlah 18 orang yang terdiri atas 10 siswa laki-laki dan 8 siswi perempuan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Penelitian ini terdiri dari tiga tahapan yaitu 1) Perencanaan, 2) Tindakan, 3) Observasi, dan 4) Refleksi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam tiga siklus, yaitu Pra Siklus, Siklus I, dan Siklus II. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara melakukan observasi yang dilakukan oleh guru dan supervisor 2. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan terlihat adanya peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dari setiap siklus. Pada pelaksanaan pra siklus, nilai rata-rata hasil belajar siswa 64,44 dengan ketuntasan 50%. Pada siklus I nilai rata-rata hasil belajar siswa 76,11 dengan ketuntasan 72%. Pada siklus II nilai rata-rata hasil belajar siswa 88,89 dengan ketuntasan 100%. Dari hasil penelitian perbaikan pembelajaran ini terlihat bahwa penerapan metode inquiry pada mata pelajaran IPA pokok bahasan Menggolongkan Hewan dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas IV SD Negeri 28 Seluma.Kata Kunci: Metode Inquiry: IPA; Hasil belajar; Penggolongan Hewan
ANALYSIS OF PROSPECTIVE BIOLOGY TEACHER CAPABILITIES IN ACQUIRING THE LEARNING CONCEPTS AND BIOLOGY SCIENCE MATERIALS IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS
Full text linkThis study was aimed to analyse the ability of prospective Biology teachers to master the learning concepts and Biology Science materials in Junior High Schools. The used method in this study was a descriptive analysis, involving some prospective teachers (the students who were taking micro-teaching courses (PPL-1) in even semester of 2017/2018 academic year) in the Biology Education Study Programme FKIP Untan, as the research subjects. A total of 30 university students with GPA ≥ 3.00 were randomly selected. The instrument in this study was an ability assessment of learning concepts and materials of Biology Science in junior high schools. The data analysis was done in descriptively qualitative and quantitative methods; including data collection, data reduction, data presentation, data analysis using means and percentages, and conclusions eventually. The results showed that the prospective Biology teachers in mastering the concept of learning obtained an average value of 76.89 with A, B, and C grades respectively, 46.67%, 40.00%, and 13.33%. For mastering the biology science concept, it was obtained an average value of 75.73 with grade A, B, and C respectively, 33.33%, 46.67%, and 20.00%. It was certainly concluded that the ability of prospective biology teachers in mastering the concepts of learning and the materials of Biology Science was classified into the good category
PENERAPAN MODEL TSTS DAN NHT PADA MATERI PERSAMAAN FUNGSI EKSPONEN
Full text linkThe aim of the research was to find out wich one that gives mathematics achievement between Two Stay Two Stray (TSTS), Numbered Heads Together (NHT) or conventional learning models in exponential function. The sampel on this research was 108 students consisted of 36 students in the first experimental group, 36 students in the second experimental group and 36 students in the control group. The instruments used were mathematics achievement test. The sampling teqnique is cluster random sampling. The analyze prerequisite Lilliefors metod for nourmality test and used Bartlett metod for homogeny tast. The data was analyzed using balanced one-way analysis of variance and to be assumed to Scheffe’ metod. The conclusions of the research were as follows. (1) TSTS learning model gives better mathematics achievement than NHT and conventional learning model, and NHT learning model gives better mathematics achievement than direct learning model.AbstrakTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui model manakah yang memberikan prestasi matematika antara model Two Stay Two Stray (TSTS), model Numbered Heads Together (NHT) atau model pembelajaran konvensional pada materi fungsi eksponensial. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 108 siswa yang terdiri dari 36 siswa pada kelompok eksperimen pertama, 36 siswa pada kelompok eksperimen kedua dan 36 siswa pada kelompok kontrol. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes hasil belajar matematika. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah cluster random sampling. Metode analisis Lilliefors prasyarat untuk uji normalitas dan menggunakan metoda Bartlett untuk uji homogen. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis varians satu satu jalan dengan sel sama dan dilanjutkan uji Scheffe. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut. (1) model pembelajaran TSTS memberikan prestasi matematika yang lebih baik daripada NHT dan model pembelajaran konvensional, dan model pembelajaran NHT memberikan prestasi matematika yang lebih baik daripada model pembelajaran langsung.Kata kunci: TSTS, NHT, konvensional, prestasi matematika
THE EFFECT OF PREDICT OBSERVE EXPLAIN LEARNING MODEL AGAINST SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Full text linkThis study was aimed to determine the effect of POE learning model on science process skills of high school students in the material of Newton’s Law motion. The study might benefit to a provide different learning experience that makes students become more active in learning and to improve students' science process skills towards the material being taught. The populations in this study were all students of class IPA X of SMA 5 Bandar Lampung in the even semester of the Academic Year 2018/2019, consisting of 6 classes with a total of 203 students, with samples of class X IPA 1 as the experimental class and X IPA 2 as the control class. Research method of the study was quasi-experimental. The research used a pretest-posttest control group design. The result of the study revealed that the control class using the conventional learning model had an average N-gain of 0.42, while the experimental class using the POE learning model had an average N-gain of 0.72. The effect size in this study, which was 0.71, indicated that the POE learning model has a high effect in this study. Based on the hypothesis test, it can be concluded that there was an effect of applying the POE learning model to students' science process skills in the material of Newton's Law. The magnitude of the influence of the POE learning model was classified into the high category with the Cohen’s d value of 3.40 and the effect size r of 0.71
IMPROVEMENT OF MATHEMATICS LEARNING OUTCOMES OF MEASUREMENT MATERIAL THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF DISCOVERY LEARNING MODELS
Full text linkThis study aims to improve the learning outcomes of mathematics through the Discovery Learning model. The 32 students of the fifth grade Papandayan State Elementary School became the subjects under study. The result showed that the learning implementation score in the first cycle was 72.2 and in the second cycle is 85.4. There are behavioral changes in students discipline, cooperation, confidence and enthusiasm in the first cycle with the acquisition of scores was 69.4, and in the second cycle increases to 81.13; meanwhile the average scores of students learning outcomes in the first cycle was 67.54 with the learning completion of 59.37%, and an average value in the second cycle is 80.86 with the learning completion 87.5%. The results of all aspects have increased: the implementation of learning increases to 13.2%, changes in student behavior with 11.73%, and completeness of mathematics learning outcomes increases to 28.13%. It can be concluded that the application of the Discovery Learning model improves the students students activities in each cycle.AbstrakMatematika merupakan mata pelajaran yang sering dikatakan sebagai mata pelajaran yang sulit. Kenyataan ini didukung dengan rendahnya tingkat keberhasilan belajar yang didapat peserta didik. Oleh sebab itu penelitian dilakukan untuk mencari model yang tepat dalam peningkatan hasil belajar. Mengacu pada permasalahan tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika melalui model Discovery Learning. 32 siswa dari kelas lima Sekolah Dasar Negeri Papandayan menjadi mata pelajaran yang diteliti. Penelitian tindakan kelas diberikan pada kelas dengan nilai rendah. Penelitian dilakukan menerapkan model pembelajaran dengan dua siklus. Hal ini bertujuan guna mendapatkan hasil yang sesuai dengan indikator. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa skor implementasi pembelajaran pada siklus pertama adalah 72,2 dan pada siklus kedua adalah 85,4. Ada perubahan perilaku dalam disiplin siswa, kerja sama, kepercayaan diri dan antusiasme pada siklus pertama dengan perolehan skor adalah 69,4, dan pada siklus kedua meningkat menjadi 81,13; Sementara itu skor rata-rata hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I adalah 67,54 dengan ketuntasan belajar 59,37%, dan nilai rata-rata pada siklus II adalah 80,86 dengan ketuntasan belajar 87,5%. Hasil semua aspek telah meningkat: pelaksanaan pembelajaran meningkat menjadi 13,2%, perubahan perilaku siswa dengan 11,73%, dan kelengkapan hasil belajar matematika meningkat menjadi 28,13%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model Discovery Learning meningkatkan aktivitas siswa siswa dalam setiap siklus.Kata kunci: Hasil belajar, Matematika, Discovery Learnin
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN TUAK TERHADAP GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI HATI MENCIT (Mus musculus) ICR JANTAN
Full text linkLiver damage or liver disease is caused by many factors, one of which is by consuming drinks that contain alcohol. Tuak is one of the drinks that contain alcohol. This study aims to determine the effect of palm wine administration on the histopathological picture of male ICR mice (Mus musculus) liver. This study used 20 mice consisting of 4 treatments namely P0 = 0 mL / day / head; P1 = 0.1 mL / day / head; P2 = 0.2 mL / day / head and P3 = 0.3 mL / day / head. The parameters observed were body weight of mice, liver weight and liver histopathology of mice. The results showed that administration of palm wine to male ICR mice at different doses gave an influence on the histopathological picture of male ICR mice (Mus musculus).AbstrakKerusakan hati atau penyakit liver disebabkan oleh banyak faktor, salah satunya adalah dengan mengkonsumsi minuman yang mengandung alkohol. Tuak merupakan salah satu minuman yang mengandung alkohol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian tuak terhadap gambaran histopatologi hati mencit (Mus musculus) ICR jantan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 20 ekor mencit yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan yaitu P0 = 0 mL/hari/ekor; P1 = 0,1 mL/hari/ekor; P2 = 0,2 mL/hari/ekor dan P3 = 0,3 mL/hari/ekor. Parameter yang diamati adalah berat badan mencit, berat hati dan histopatologi hati mencit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian tuak pada mencit ICR jantan dengan dosis yang berbeda memberikan pengaruh terhadap gambaran histopatologi hati mencit (Mus musculus) ICR jantan.Kata Kunci: Hati, Histopatologi, Mencit, Tua
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL BERBASIS DISCOVERY LEARNING PADA MATERI JARINGAN TUMBUHAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN LITERASI SAINS SISWA KELAS XI IPA SMA
Full text linkThis study aims to develop a module based on discovery learning in improving scientific literacy skills in the 11th grade of science class in senior high school. This study refers to the modified Borg and Gall model into 7 steps, (1) preliminary study; (2) planning; (3) preparation of modules; (4) expert judgment; (5) revisions; (6) limited trials; (7) revision II. The research samples are in XI MIPA 2 and XI MIPA class at 3 SMAN 1 Bringin. The technique of collecting data using written tests, questionnaires, and observations. Hypothesis testing to measure the increase in cognitive learning outcomes of students using an independent t-test on n-gain students. Assessments from material experts, subject matter teachers, colleagues, and high school students show that the modules that have been developing suitable for use in the learning process with an achievement level of 86%, 95%, 88%, and 90% respectively. The results of the t-test showed an increase in students' literacy skills (p <0.05) of 0.71 (high category). It can be concluded, the modules that have been developing become worthy to use in the learning process and effective in enhancing the scientific literacy skills of senior high school students in XI class.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan modul berdasarkan discovery learning dalam meningkatkan keterampilan literasi sains di kelas XI MIPA di Sekolah Menengah Atas. Studi ini mengacu pada model Borg dan Gall yang dimodifikasi menjadi 7 langkah, (1) studi pendahuluan; (2) perencanaan; (3) persiapan modul; (4) penilaian ahli; (5) revisi; (6) uji coba terbatas; (7) revisi II. Sampel penelitian adalah kelas XI MIPA 2 dan XI MIPA di 3 SMAN 1 Bringin. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes tertulis, angket, dan observasi. Pengujian hipotesis untuk mengukur peningkatan hasil belajar kognitif siswa menggunakan uji-t independen pada siswa n-gain. Penilaian dari ahli materi, guru materi pelajaran, kolega, dan siswa sekolah menengah menunjukkan bahwa modul yang telah dikembangkan cocok untuk digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran dengan tingkat pencapaian masing-masing 86%, 95%, 88%, dan 90%. Hasil uji-t menunjukkan peningkatan keterampilan baca tulis siswa (p <0,05) dari 0,71 (kategori tinggi). Dapat disimpulkan, modul yang telah dikembangkan menjadi layak untuk digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran dan efektif dalam meningkatkan keterampilan literasi ilmiah siswa SMA di kelas XI.Kata Kunci: discovery learning, modul, uji jaringan tumbuha