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Rasio Fraksi Debu-Liat Sebagai Indikator Perkembangan dan Kesuburan Tanah
Get PDFSoil horizon development is a determinant of soil type and characteristics. The morphology reflects the stages of soil formation by observing the genetic horizon. The genetic horizon is a soil layer distinguished by symbols (O, A, E, B, C, and R). Soil formation can also be obtained from the silt-clay fraction as part of the soil texture observation. The silt-clay ratio can reflect the soil morphology and genesis. This study aimed to determine the silt-clay ratio as an indicator of soil development and fertility. This study was conducted in 2020 in Manismata Sub-District West Kalimantan Province with soil parent material derived from sedimentary rocks with the topography of 0-3%, 3-8%, and 8-15%. The observations were carried out on five soil profiles in terms of morphology, texture, organic matter, nitrogen, CEC, and Ca. Based on the results, entisol (regosol) had A-C genetic horizon and silt-clay ratio >2.73. Meanwhile, inceptisol (kambisol) had an A-B-C genetic horizon and a silt-clay ratio of 1.44 – 2.24. The silt-clay ratio in entisol had a significant influence on organic matter, CEC, and Ca of 75.79%, 86.98%, and 85.14%, respectively. Silt-clay ratio in inceptisol had a significant influence on organic matter, CEC, and Nitrogen. 3-8% inceptisol had a negative relationship of 67.25%, 52.33% and 84.59%, respectively. Meanwhile, 8-15% of Kambisol had a positive relationship with R2 of 69.08%, 54.49%, and 66.61%, respectively. The difference in the relationship (negative, positive) on inceptisol was due to 3-8% inceptisols having lithologic discontinuities. Thus, it can be concluded that the silt-clay ratio can be an indicator of soil development and fertility.Key words : Fertility, Morphogenesis, Silt/Clay, Soil Weatherin
Kombinasi Aplikasi Biochar dan Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula Terhadap Jagung Manis Pada Entisol
Get PDFEntisols are sandy soils with P and K in form still fresh and cannot be absorbed by plants, thereby affecting plant growth and production. Therefore, it is necessary to add rice husk biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to help provide nutrients to support the growth of sweet corn plants. The research was carried out from August to October 2020 in Beringin Raya Village, Bengkulu City with coordinates S03°45,434' E102°15,687'. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors. The first factor was the dose of rice husk biochar: 0, 5, and 10 tons ha-1 ; and the second factor was the AMF dose of 0, 5, and 10 g of propagule. The total 27 units was obtained from nine treatment combinations that was repeated three times. Each experimental unit consisted of 2 sample plants so that there were 54 polybags. Soil parameters observations were soil pH, CEC, organic C, nutrient levels of N, P, K and P uptake. Phosphor uptake was calculated based on the total dry weight of plants x nutrient content of P. The variables observed in plants were plant height, root length, plant dry weight (roots and stems), ear length, cob diameter, cob weight. The result was no interaction between rice husk biochar and AMF on growth, P uptake, and yield of sweet corn. Application 10 tons ha-1 of rice husk biochar of biochar and inoculation of 10 g of plant propagule-1 gave the best results on growth, P uptake, and yield of sweet corn.Keywords: Biochar: Entisols, Mycorrhiza
SOIL NUTRIENT LOSS THROUGH EROSION CAUSES ECONOMIC LOSS IN THE DELI WATERSHED UPSTREAM
Get PDFSoil erosion generally occurs in areas with steep slopes, especially in mountainous regions, such as the upstream of Deli Watershed located in the administrative area of Karo Regency and Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Apart from the biophysical form of the land, this area also tends to have a higher rainfall level than other lower sites. In addition, the condition of the land surface that lacks green vegetation, such as forests, may lead to erosion. The loss of soil particles, in turn, has the potential to eliminate soil nutrients that act as inputs for agricultural production. Therefore, this study aimed to calculate the average erosion upstream of the Deli watershed and estimate the value of the economic loss of soil nutrient loss due to erosion. The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) Method and the Replacement Cost Method were used. The analysis results showed that the average erosion of the Deli Watershed upstream was 583.02 tonnes/ha/year, which is classified as very heavy erosion. At the same time, the economic loss value for replacing soil nutrients was Rp 2,072,636,100 per ha. Hence, it shows the application of Soil and Water Conservation (KTA) is needed to reduce economic losses due to environmental degradation.Key words : erosion, nutrient loss, replacement cost, USL
Pola Frekuensi Kebutuhan Air Irigasi pada beberapa Penggunaan Lahan dengan Teknologi Otomatisasi Monitoring Pengendalian Kelembaban Tanah berbasis Sensor Dielektrik
Get PDFIndonesia is an agrarian country and requires the development of improvements in soil productivity. The decline in soil productivity for agriculture is currently caused by several factors, namely land conversion to a decrease in the quantity of ground water. The actual frequency pattern of irrigation water needs with the application of dielectric sensor technology is carried out in cultivation in order to create efficiency in the provision of irrigation water. This research was conducted using a single factor experimental method with repeated measurements on three types of land use, namely land without vegetation, soil with grass vegetation, and soil with tomato cultivation. Measurements were carried out using an automated application of soil moisture monitoring based on dielectric technology with two measuring periods. Each measuring period consists of two weeks or fourteen days. Soil sample analysis was carried out at the Bengkulu University soil laboratory. The results of the observations were analyzed using variance (ANOVA) on the 5% F test table, the BNT test was carried out at the 5% level on data that had a significant effect. The results showed that the frequency of giving irrigation water on the 1st day to the 14th day in the 2 observation periods on the Bera land was the most common compared to the use of grass vegetated land and the use of tomato cultivation land, which was 5 times in the 1st and 4th periods. times in the 2nd period with 14 days each. Provision of irrigation water will stop automatically when the dielectrometer shows the field capacity so that it can show the frequency of giving different water to each field.Key words : Dielectric; Frequency; Irrigation wate
PERANAN PUPUK CAIR ASAL INOKULAN Trichoderma sp PADA BUDIDAYA TANAMAN KENTANG MERAH SEMI ORGANIK
Get PDFThe demand for red potatoes is quite high, especially for supermarkets and culinary businesses that require potatoes as the basic ingredient. To achieve optimal potato production, it is necessary to provide sufficient fertilizer, while the price of artificial fertilizers is getting more expensive, therefore it is necessary to look for alternative low-cost fertilizers. The purpose of the study was to find out the benefits of Trichoderma sp. fungi as liquid organic fertilizer (POC), in an effort to diminish the use of artificial fertilizers towards organic potato cultivation. The experiment was carried out from June - September 2021 at Danau Kembar. This experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD), with 2 treatment factors and 3 replications. The first factor was the administration of POC Derma (fermented inoculant Trichoderma sp) doses consisting of 5 levels, namely: 0 ml L-1 (D0), 25 ml L-1 (D1), 50 ml L-1 (D2), 75 ml L-1 (D3), 100 ml L-1 (D4). The second factor the intensity of the application consists of two levels: (I1) 1 time a week and (I2) once every 2 weeks. Observational data were analyzed by means of variance using the F-test with a significant level of 5% and if the treatment had a significant effect, it was continued with the Least Significant Difference (BNT) test with a level of 5%. From the results of experiments that have been carried out, it is found that giving POC Derma (fermented inoculant Trichoderma sp) 75 ml L-1 inevery 2 weeks gave the highest production reaching 27.56 t ha-1 in semi-organic red potato cultivation.Key words: Derma liquid organic fertilizer, Trichoderma sp, red potato, semi organi
KAJIAN BEBERAPA KARAKTERISTIK TANAH GAMBUT PADA LAHAN TERBAKAR DAN TIDAK TERBAKAR DI PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT
Get PDFThe excessive drainage system on peat causes the peat to dry out, especially during the dry season. This condition triggers the occurrence of extensive and intensive land fires, which causes changes in the characteristics of peat soils. This study aimed to study the characteristics of peat soil consisting of several physical and chemical properties of peat on burned and unburned land in oil palm plantations in Pematang Raman Village, Kumpeh District, Muaro Jambi Regency. The research was carried out using a survey method. Observation block area was determined by purposive sampling based on adjacent land conditions (burned and unburned). Observation points were set on a grid that was perpendicular to the canal with a horizontal distance of 200 m from 1000 m block length and a vertical distance of 50 m from 300 m block width with an area of each block + 30 ha. The time interval between the fire incident and sampling was 17 months. Soil samples were taken at a depth of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm. The results showed that the physical and chemical properties of burnt and unburned peat showed differences in the level of maturity, physical and chemical properties of the soil. Burnt peat soil had a faster weathering rate as indicated by the dominance of the sapric maturity level in the top layer (0-20 cm) and below the surface (20-40 cm). The bulk density, ash content, and pH of the burned peat soil were higher, while the C-organic content, total N, C/N, and water content were lower.Keywords: burned; chemical and physical properties; peat soil
PENGARUH JENIS DAN CARA APLIKASI BAHAN ORGANIK TERHADAP HASIL PADI (ORYZA SATIVA L.) DI MEDIA TANAM GAMBUT
Get PDFThis study aims to determine the types and ways of application of organic matter and the combination of both of the rice yields in peat growing media. This research has been carried out in the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agric ulture, Riau University, Campus Bina Widya Km 12.5, Simpang Baru Panam Sub-District, Tampan District, Pekanbaru, Riau. This research was carried out for 4 months, starting from May to August 2018. The research was conducted experimentally arranged according to a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial pattern consisting of 2 factors. Factor I: organic matter of plant waste (O), namely: O1 (125 g rice straw), O2 (125 g soybean litter), O3 (oil palm empty fruit bunches 125 g) and Fact II: how to apply organic material (C), namely: C1 (mixed) and C2 (spread). The results obtained were analyzed using variance analysis and continued with the double range duncan's new multiple range test (DNMRT) at 5% level. However, the type of organic rice paddy yields results in the weight of the milled dry grain which is 106.94 g-138.23 g, the weight of 1,000 grains that is 26.40 g-26.95 g and soybean litter on the percentage of rice grain grain 86.24 g-88.00 g. Giving application method in the distribution gives results on the weight of dry milled unhulled rice that is 125.21 g-126.02 g, the weight of 1,000 grains that is 26.65 g-26.79 g and the percentage of unhulled grain that is 86.76 g-87 , 74 g and the combination of the type of organic rice paddy and the application method in the distribution gives the results of the weight of the milled dry rice which is 102.94 g - 140.87 g, the weight of 1,000 items, which is between 26.29 g - 27.27 g and soybean litter organic material types and application method are mixed namely 84.94 g - 88.50 g.Key words : application method, rice plant, rice straw, soybean litter, TKKS.This study aims to determine the types and ways of application of organic matter and the combination of both of the rice yields in peat growing media. This research has been carried out in the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agric ulture, Riau University, Campus Bina Widya Km 12.5, Simpang Baru Panam Sub-District, Tampan District, Pekanbaru, Riau. This research was carried out for 4 months, starting from May to August 2018. The research was conducted experimentally arranged according to a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial pattern consisting of 2 factors. Factor I: organic matter of plant waste (O), namely: O1 (125 g rice straw), O2 (125 g soybean litter), O3 (oil palm empty fruit bunches 125 g) and Fact II: how to apply organic material (C), namely: C1 (mixed) and C2 (spread). The results obtained were analyzed using variance analysis and continued with the double range duncan's new multiple range test (DNMRT) at 5% level. However, the type of organic rice paddy yields results in the weight of the milled dry grain which is 106.94 g-138.23 g, the weight of 1,000 grains that is 26.40 g-26.95 g and soybean litter on the percentage of rice grain grain 86.24 g-88.00 g. Giving application method in the distribution gives results on the weight of dry milled unhulled rice that is 125.21 g-126.02 g, the weight of 1,000 grains that is 26.65 g-26.79 g and the percentage of unhulled grain that is 86.76 g-87 , 74 g and the combination of the type of organic rice paddy and the application method in the distribution gives the results of the weight of the milled dry rice which is 102.94 g - 140.87 g, the weight of 1,000 items, which is between 26.29 g - 27.27 g and soybean litter organic material types and application method are mixed namely 84.94 g - 88.50 g.Key words : application method, rice plant, rice straw, soybean litter, TKK
PENGARUH APLIKASI BIOCHAR DAN PUPUK FOSFAT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL KEDELAI (Glycine max (L.) Merril) DI TANAH ULTISOL
Get PDFRice waste has the potential to be used as a biochar raw material which can be used to overcome constraints on Ultisol soils. This study aims to determine the effect of the application of biochar from rice straw and phosphate fertilizers which give growth and yield of soybeans in Ultisols soil. The experimental design used was a randomized block design with a factorial pattern consisting of 2 factors and 3 replications, the first factor was the input of biochar (B) at a dose of 15 tonnes ha-1consisting of: b0 = no biochar, b1 = rice husk biochar 15 ton ha-1, b2 = rice straw biochar 15 ton ha-1, b3 = husk and rice straw biochar 15 ton ha-1. The second factor is the dosage of phosphate fertilizer (P) consisting of: p0 = without phosphate fertilizer, p1 = 60 kg ha-1 TSP (50% of recommendation), p2 = 120 kg ha-1 TSP (100% of recommendation). The results showed that there was no interaction between biochar and phosphate fertilizer applications on plant height, number of flowers per plant, number of productive branches per plant, percentage of fruit set per plant and crop index of soybean. However, the application of phosphate fertilizers significantly increased the number of flowers. There is an interaction between the application of biochar and phosphate fertilizers on leaf area, number of pods per plant, number of pods contained per plant, dry weight of biomass per plant, dry weight of seeds per plant, yield per hectare, net assimilation rate and uptake of plant phosphorus. Application of rice straw biochar with a dose of 15 tonnes ha-1 and a dose of phosphate fertilizer 60 kg ha-1 increased leaf area 36.74%, number of pods per plant 39.96%, number of filled pods per plant 47.61%, dry weight of biomass per plant 46.82%, seed dry weight per plant 52.65%, yield per hectare 54.68%, net assimilation rate 182.38% and plant phosphorus uptake 72.32%.Key words: biochar, P-fertilizer, rice husk, straw, soya, Ultisol
SIFAT FISIKOKIMIA LAHAN PERTANIAN MONOKULTUR PADA BEBERAPA KELAS LERENG DI DAERAH UTARA KAKI GUNUNG TALANG
Get PDFThe area at the foot of Mount Talang is one of the areas that excellent in agriculture, especially the cultivation of horticultural crops. In the northern area with steep slope conditions, the local community applies an intensive monoculture cropping system, this will accelerate land degradation in the long term. This study aims to examine the physicochemical properties of monoculture agricultural land in the northern foothills of Mount Talang on several slopes. This research was conducted with a survey method, soil sampling was carried out by means of purposive random sampling, on monoculture agricultural land on slopes > 45%, 25-45%, 15-25%, and 8-15% and forest as control, at a depth of 0 -20cm and 20-40cm. The results showed that the soil texture that dominates at the forest and monoculture agricultural land are dusty loam. Soil water content increases with increasing soil layer depth, soil water content in monocultures 25-45% (73.72%) is the highest. Soil volume weight ranging from 0.4-0.6 g / cm3 has the same tendency at both soil depths. The total pore space of forest land and monoculture agricultural land is a large average of 75% with high criteria. The highest soil organic C content was found in monoculture agricultural land with a slope of >45%. The pH value of H2O for all land uses was 5.15-5.29 and the pH for KCl was 4.5-5.2 for acid criteria. The cation exchange capacity was above 40 me/100g (very high criteria), the total N content was 0.8-1.6% with very high criteria, too. Based on the researchs data, the physicochemical properties of monoculture agricultural land on several slope classes matched the physiochemical conditions of the forest. The potential for land degradation is still minimal even though it is on the upper slopes of the foot of Mount Talang. However, monoculture farming while maintaining soil organic matter content must remain a priority for agricultural land management in this area.Key words: monoculture land, forest, slope, North area of foot Mount Talan
HUBUNGAN PERBEDAAN TINGGI MUKA AIR TERHADAP KADAR Cu DAN Zn DAUN SERTA PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) DI LAHAN GAMBUT
Get PDFPeatland is an important natural resource for human life because it can be used as growth of oil palm plantation. The growth of oil palm plantations in peatlands is strongly influenced by peat water management. This study aims to study the relationship of different water levels to the content of leaf Cu and Zn nutrients and the growth of oil palm plants (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in the peatlands. This research has been carried out on peatland areas in oil palm plantations of PT. Jatimjaya Perkasa Sei Bangko, Kubu District, Rokan Hilir Regency, Riau Province. Analysis of soil samples and plants samples has been carried out at the Soil Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru. The research was conducted in December 2017 to January 2018. This research was conducted using a survey method, the determination of the location of the study using a purposive sampling method, determination of sampling location is determined by stratified sampling method, where the strata in this study are grouped according to different peat water levels namely water level < 40 cm , 40 - 60 cm, and > 60 cm with oil palm plants at the same age which is six years and the piezometer has been installed properly. The parameters that observed in this study were soil pH, availability of Cu and Zn nutrient, total soil-K, content of Cu, Zn and K leaves and growth of oil palm plants which included plant height, midrib length and leaflet. The observed data were analyzed for variance and tested further by DNMRT at the level of 5%, analyzed by regression to see the relationship between water level and parameters. The results showed that peatland with water level of 40 - 60 cm had a soil pH, K-total soil, Cu leaves, Zn leaves, midrib length and the highest oil palm plantations compared to peat land with a groundwater level < 40 cm and > 60 cm, and has a different length of leaflets.Key words : Cu and Zn nutrient, Oil palm plantation, Peatlands, Water Level