University of Kaiserslautern
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Organisationskultur als Einflussfaktor auf die Implementierung von Maßnahmen des regenerativen Wirtschaftens in Organisationen. Am Beispiel von Agroforstwirtschaftssystemen in mittelfränkischen landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben.
Get PDFDiese Masterarbeit analysiert den Einfluss der Organisationskultur auf die Einführung von Agroforstwirtschaftssystemen, als Maßnahme des regenerativen Wirtschaftens, in mittelfränkischen landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben. Trotz vorhandener langfristiger ökolo- gischer und sozialer Perspektiven dominieren kurzfristige ökonomische Gewinne in der Umsetzung. Allerdings wird deutlich, dass Organisationskulturelle Aspekte wie die Grundannahmen über das Wirtschaften, die Natur, den Klimawandel, die Zeit, das Ver- antwortungsgefühl und Selbstverständnis einen wesentlichen Einfluss auf den Hand- lungsdruck zur Implementierung der Agroforstwirtschaftssysteme haben. Hindernisse wie mangelnde Rechtssicherheit, fehlende Honorierung und Skepsis stehen der Imple- mentierung im Weg. Die Arbeit identifiziert verschiedene Ansatzpunkte zur Förderung der Implementierung. Zentral sind dabei die bäuerlichen Werte und Verhaltensweisen, welche in der Organisationskultur der Betriebe verankert sind. Die Ergebnisse haben nicht nur praktische Auswirkungen auf die Landwirtschaft, sondern bieten auch wichtige Erkenntnisse für Organisationen, die regeneratives Wirtschaften etablieren möchten. Die Organisationskultur als zentraler Einflussfaktor, wird dabei eng mit gesellschaftlichen und politischen Denk- und Handlungsweisen verknüpft
Studies on remote work: challenges and implications for hybrid work arrangements
Get PDFHybrid work, a flexible work model that combines on-site and remote work, has become the “new normal.” Despite the many well-known advantages of hybrid work, employees who work remotely face various challenges due to their physical separation from colleagues and supervisors. First, the physical separation reduces remote workers’ accessibility. Thus, re-mote workers rely on information and communication technologies (ICT) to communicate and collaborate with their colleagues and supervisors who work at other locations. Com-municating via ICT presupposes the remote worker to be available. Therefore, a key chal-lenge remote workers face is the need to continuously manage their ICT-based availability in order to balance the manifold beneficial and detrimental work-related and private conse-quences of being available.
Second, due to being physically absent from the workplace, remote workers’ effort is less transparent to their colleagues and supervisors. Stereotypes persist depicting remote workers as less dedicated, engaging in non-work activities such as leisure, childcare or household duties, instead of doing their job. To counteract such (potential) bias, remote workers might feel pressured to prove their effort, thereby engaging in proving availability and communica-tion behavior to signal their engagement to colleagues and supervisors. This felt pressure and concomitant proving behavior might have detrimental effects on remote workers’ well-being and performance.
Therefore, this dissertation aims to shed light on the three phenomena of (1) remote workers’ ICT-based availability, (2) remote workers’ proving availability and communication behav-ior, and (3) remote workers’ felt pressure to prove their effort. To provide insights into these phenomena, a systematic literature review and two empirical studies are conducted.
First, a qualitative study with 21 remote workers and a systematic literature review are con-ducted to better understand how remote workers manage their ICT-based availability. Re-sults show that remote workers’ ICT-based availability is a complex phenomenon with mani-fold antecedents, that can be classified into seven categories. Merging the findings from the qualitative study with a systematic literature review reveals that research on remote workers’ ICT-based availability is fragmented, offering several avenues for future research.
Second, based on the qualitative study, the construct of remote workers’ proving availability and communication behavior is introduced and elaborated. Relying on the interview data, four behavioral patterns remote workers use to signal their engagement are identified. More-over, a five-stage model is developed explaining why remote workers engage in such behav-iors and the detrimental outcomes.
Third, to examine remote workers’ felt pressure to prove their effort, a two-wave quantitative study with 407 remote workers is conducted. Results of structural equation modeling show that team factors, i.e., team norms regarding remote work and felt trust by colleagues, predict presumed bias against remote work, which in turn is positively related to remote workers’ felt pressure to prove their effort. Moreover, felt pressure negatively affects remote workers’ well-being as indicated by increased stress and decreased psychological detachment, which both hinder job performance.
In sum, this dissertation contributes to a comprehensive and empirical understanding of the three phenomena of (1) remote workers’ ICT-based availability, (2) remote workers’ proving availability and communication behavior, and (3) remote workers’ felt pressure to prove their effort. Findings suggest that all three may impair remote workers’ well-being and per-formance. This dissertation suggests valuable implications for future research and practice in order to maintain the positive outcomes of remote work in hybrid work settings
The capacity of broad-scale aquatic typology systems to capture differences in composition and chemical sensitivity of biological assemblages
Get PDFPervasive human impacts rapidly change freshwater biodiversity. Frequently recorded exceedances of regulatory acceptable thresholds by pesticide concentrations suggest that pesticide pollution is a relevant contributor to broad-scale trends in freshwater biodiversity. A more precise pre-release Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) might increase its protectiveness, consequently reducing the likelihood of unacceptable effects on the environment. European ERA currently neglects possible differences in sensitivity between exposed ecosystems. If the taxonomic composition of assemblages would differ systematically among certain types of ecosystems, so might their sensitivity toward pesticides. In that case, a single regulatory threshold would be over- or underprotective.
In this thesis, we evaluate (1) whether the assemblage composition of macroinvertebrates, diatoms, fishes, and aquatic macrophytes differs systematically between the types of a European river typology system, and (2) whether these taxonomical differences engender differences in sensitivity toward pesticides. While a selection of ecoregions is available for Europe, only a single typology system that classifies individual river segments is available at this spatial scale - the Broad River Types (BRT).
In the first two papers of this thesis, we compiled and prepared large databases of macroinvertebrate (paper one), diatom, fish, and aquatic macrophyte (paper two) occurrences throughout Europe to evaluate whether assemblages are more similar within than among BRT types. Additionally, we compared its performance to that of different ecoregion systems. We employed multiple tests to evaluate the performances, two of which were also designed in the studies. All typology systems failed to reach common quality thresholds for the evaluated metrics for most taxa. Nonetheless, performance differed markedly between typology systems and taxa, with the BRT often performing worst. We showed that currently available, European freshwater typology systems are not well suited to capture differences in biotic communities and suggest several possible amelioration.
In the third study, we evaluated whether ecologically meaningful differences in sensitivity exist between BRT types. To this end, we predicted the sensitivity of macroinvertebrate assemblages across Europe toward Atrazine, copper, and Imidacloprid using a hierarchical species sensitivity distribution model. The predicted assemblage sensitives differed only marginally between BRT types. The largest difference between
median river type sensitivities was a factor of 2.6, which is far below the assessment factor suggested for such models (6), as well as the factor of variation commonly observed between toxicity tests of the same species-compound pair (7.5 for copper). Our results don’t support the notion that a type-specific ERA might improve the accuracy of thresholds. However, in addition to the taxonomic composition the bioavailability of chemicals, the interaction with other stressors, and the sensitivity of a given species might differ between river types
Amtliche Bekanntmachung der RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau 2024.01
Get PDFAmtliche Bekanntmachung der RPTU Nr. 01/15.01.202
Beitrag zur Verankerung von Stahlbauteilen mittels Betondübeln in wandartigen Bauteilen
Get PDFMit dem Ziel eine ressourcenschonende Fachwerkstruktur zu entwickeln und die Wirtschaftlichkeit und Effizienz eines Hybridturms für Windenergieanlagen zu optimieren, wurde an der TH Mittelhessen eine neuartige Turmkonstruktion untersucht. Für den sogenannten Hybrid²-Turm wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit die Verankerung von Stahlbauteilen mittels Betondübeln in wandartigen Bauteilen vorgestellt.
Die Fachwerkstruktur des Hybrid²-Turms besteht aus herkömmlichen Stahlwalzprofilen, welche mit Hilfe von Verbunddübeln in Betonelementen kraftschlüssig verankert werden. Dabei kommen in die Stahlprofile geschnittene klothoidenförmige Ausnehmungen als Betondübel zum Einsatz. Herkömmliche Befestigungen mit Ankerplatten aus Kopfbolzen bieten durch den Schweißvorgang erhebliche Nachteile, insbesondere in ermüdungsbeanspruchten Bauteilen. Bei der Betonage der Betondübel werden die Ausnehmungen mit Beton gefüllt, bilden eine leistungsfähige Verdübelung und sichern den Verbund zwischen Stahlträger und Beton. Durch die Umschnürung des Betons in den Ausnehmungen und der daraus entstehenden Querdehnungsbehinderung kann der Beton hohe Tragfähigkeiten aufweisen. Entgegen aktuellen Forschungsarbeiten, Betondübel als kontinuierliches Verbundmittel in z.B. Brückenbauwerken oder Verbunddecken einzusetzen, wird in dieser Arbeit der Betondübel als punktuelle Verankerung untersucht. Das duktile Tragverhalten dieser Verankerung wird dabei über die Bewehrungsführung sichergestellt.
Der untersuchte Knotenpunkt in Kombination mit einer geringen Wandstärke ist nicht Gegenstand europäischer Normen oder bauaufsichtlich zugelassen. Zur Untersuchung der Verankerung von Stahlbauteilen mittels Betondübeln werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit zunächst Push-Out-Versuche durchgeführt. Um das Tragverhalten am Turm besser abzubilden, wurden eigene Pull-Out-Versuche und Push-Out-Versuche an dünnwandigen Bauteilen entwickelt. In den durchgeführten experimentellen Untersuchungen und numerische Berechnungen stellt sich ein kegelförmiger Betonausbruch als maßgebendes Traglastkriterium heraus. Eine auf Basis der Experimente und der validierten numerischen Berechnungen entwickelte empirische Formel ermöglicht es das Traglastniveau beim Betonausbruch zu bestimmen. Darauf aufbauend wird ein Vorschlag zur Berücksichtigung der Bewehrung im Ausbruchkegel und eine mögliche Traglaststeigerung der Verankerung vorgestellt. Die hergeleiteten Ingenieurmodelle ermöglichen es die Tragfähigkeit und die erforderliche Bewehrung bei einer unter Zug belasteten Verankerung mit klothoidenförmigen Betondübeln an dünnwandigen Bauteilen zu bestimmen
GIS and BIM Integration Model Workflow Towards Digital Twin to Assess Flood Impacts on Buildings
Get PDFFloods are a highly destructive natural hazard that results in severe social and economic impacts.
Traditional hazard-based approaches to flood management necessitate urgent improvements. A
paradigm shift has been observed toward adopting a flood risk management (FRM) framework. This
framework entails a multi-tier risk analysis approach to identify and mitigate flood-related hazards in
an integrated manner. By reducing the hazard levels and potential damages, FRM treats these risks at
various levels. In FRM, the development of flood-resilient buildings and infrastructures constitutes a
crucial measure. However, current building resilience strategies lack the incorporation of distinctive
building characteristics and their unique behaviours in risk evaluation.
The need for new approaches and technological tools is imperative for the accurate evaluation of flood
risk and the development of resilient buildings and infrastructures. The fast-paced changes in today's
world require the incorporation of innovative technologies in the FRM domain to achieve flood-
resilient buildings. However, the integration of new technologies, especially big data, presents new
challenges for FRM. To overcome these challenges, the potential of emerging technologies in the FRM
domain was investigated, revealing that their integration could enhance FRM. The integration of
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Building Information Modelling (BIM) has been identified
as a promising approach to improve FRM by merging hydrodynamic flood and building information
into a single geospatial environment. This study investigates how the integration of GIS and BIM can
improve flood risk management by creating a 3D digital twin for flood-resilient buildings, and to assess
its potential for supporting flood impact assessment on buildings.
In this multidisciplinary study, a novel, multiphase model workflow has been developed to create a 3D
digital twin environment in order to enhance FRM for flood-resilient buildings. The digital twin enables
an automatic 3D assessment and calculation of flood-induced impacts on a building and its individual
components. To validate the functionality of the developed model workflow, a prototype case was
implemented to assess the feasibility of its different phases. The prototype case highlighted limitations
in the developed model workflow, and the lessons learned from this exercise were used to improve
the methodology. The revised methodology was then tested with real-world data in a subsequent case
study, resulting in improved accuracy and effectiveness. Leveraging the 3D digital twin framework,
numerous geospatial analyses were partially automated within the digital twin environment to
evaluate the impact of flooding on diverse building components. The developed system enables
thorough evaluation, computation, and identification of flooded building components, as well as the
partially automated calculation of flood-induced actions, pressures, and forces on both structural and
non-structural building components. The computed pressures and forces from various flood actions
can be transferred to various material and structural analysis software for further analysis of building
and component stability.
Furthermore, the developed 3D digital twin enables more comprehensive data visualization,
enhancing users' ability to perceive the interrelationships between building and flooding information.
This facilitates the identification of potential risks and enables more effective communication with
stakeholders involved in building design and flood management. By leveraging the same information
system, better communication, effective planning, and improved outcomes can be achieved
Amtliche Bekanntmachung der RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau 2024.05
Get PDFAmtliche Bekanntmachung der RPTU Nr. 05/27.06.202
The Virtual Experience - Examining Visual, Auditory and Haptic Capabilities and Aspects of Spatial Cognition and User Experience in Virtual Reality
Get PDFThe dissertation investigates different modal aspects in Virtual Reality and how they affect spatial cognition and UX in VR. VR makes it possible to examine things that would not be possible in the real world or would need a massive amount of effort to be examined in the real world. The first part of the dissertation takes a closer look on the visual aspects of orientation in buildings by varying different factors of the visual experience like landmarks and textures. The second part examines how auditory and vibrotactile feedback can affect performance in the search of invisible objects. The third part takes a closer look on designing a useable VR app with data gloves, used for learning and teaching in manual medicine, a haptic heavy environment. The dissertation ends with a general discussion of the different results in light of the current research and offers directions on what should be the goal to create meaningful, multimodal VR user experiences
Fluid dynamic modeling and simulation of supersonic flows and associated aerosol impaction processes in the mesosphere
Get PDFUp to hundreds of tons of cosmic material enter the Earth’s atmosphere every day, where incoming interplanetary solids of suitable size and speed ablate at altitudes above 80 km. Subsequent recombination and polymerization of the vaporized material and further agglomeration is thought to form nanometer-sized aerosols, which are denoted as meteoric smoke particles (MSP). At the appropriate altitude between 82 and 85 km, mesospheric ice clouds, so-called noctilucent clouds (NLC), occur. Till now, the nature of condensation nuclei for the formation of NLC elements has not been conclusively explained. However, existing studies suppose that MSP can serve as possible ice condensation nuclei, but experimental evidence is lacking heretofore. To gain further insights into high atmosphere processes, in-situ measurements to collect cloud elements (as impactions on substrates, with subsequent physico-chemical analyses) are required. However, measurements at such altitudes are complex and cost-intensive and are only possible by means of sounding rockets, which is why only a sparse measurement database is available. The aim of this study is the mathematical and numerical modeling of the impaction processes coupled to the fluid dynamics to support the development of an inertia-based probe collector mounted on a sounding rocket. Compressible Navier-Stokes equations are numerically solved to analyze the supersonic flow field with Mach numbers of 1.31 and 1.75 at 85 km altitude around the instrument module of the sounding rocket under various flight attitudes. Flow patterns are investigated for the arrangement, orientation, and aerodynamic design of the collectors. Simulations of particle trajectories based on Newton’s second law under the consideration of the Stoke’s drag and Brownian force in the near-field of the collectors under consideration of different flight attitudes and particle number concentrations in a supersonic flow confirm the effectivity of the particle collection by the developed design of the collectors. Simulation results show that impactions on the designated collector surfaces are highly probable. Subsequent physico-chemical analyses of the collected particulate material may provide observational evidence for the presumed presence of MSP as well as information on the morphology and chemical composition. Consequently, their presence in the sample can confirm the hypothesis of the role of MSP as condensation nuclei for mesospheric ice particles
LinTim: An integrated environment for mathematical public transport optimization
Get PDFLinTim is a scientific algorithm and dataset library that has been under development since 2007 and offers the possibility to carry out the various planning steps in public transportation. Although the name originally derives from "Line planning and Timetabling", the available functions have grown far beyond this scope. This is the documentation for version 2024.08. For more information, see https://www.lintim.net