Celt: A Journal of Culture, English Language Teaching & Literature
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ACCESS RITUAL IN EASTERN SUMBA, INDONESIA
Get PDFAs a particular type of tradition, rituals have been of interest to folklorists and anthropologists. Understood as repeated, patterned, and contextualized performances, rituals could be in "low contexts" meaning that they are less formally, unplanned in advance, and. do not demand for complicated performances, or in "high contexts" that they are realized in a highly stylized and formalized occasions, and set as public events. This article attempts to describe an access ritual, called paariyangu (ritual of being a guest and a host), conducted by the people of (eastern) Sumba living in the east part of Indonesia. Visiting somebody's house is an act of entering somebody else's private domain. It is therefore necessary for the both parties (i.e. the guest and the host) to abide to certain manners so as to maintain a desirable social encounter. Key words: access ritual, Sumba, traditions, low contexts, high context
THE INFLUENCE OF READING HABIT ON THE STUDENTS ACHIEVEMENT IN LITERARY RELATED SUBJECTS : A RESEARCH REPORT
No full textThis article is a research report about the influence of English reading habit on the students achievement in literary related subjects: Prose 1, Prose 2, Drama 1, Drama 2, and Poetry Analysis. There are two variables in this research: the English reading habit as independent variable and students achievement as dependent variable. The data are obtained through questionnaire, documentation and interview. Furthermore, it is analyzed using Product-Moment Correlation. The result of Product-Moment Correlation shows that there is a correlation between English reading habit and students achievement on those subjects. The result shows that the score of correlation Product-Moment is higher than score of r-table, that is 0,401455>0.339. It is found that determinant coefficient is 0.161167, which means the influence of English reading habit on the students achievement is 16.12%. It indicates that English reading habit is not the most dominant factor which influences students achievement in those subjects. In other words, the increase of students achievement is not only determined by their reading habit, but also influenced by other factors, such as intelligence, aptitude, motivation, school and family environment, teachers, and facilities including books and libraries
THE GENDER ROLE CHANGE OF SCARLETT OHARA AS A PORTRAYAL OF THE HIGH-CLASS SOUTHERN WHITE WOMENS LIFE
Get PDFThe high-class Old Southern United States women had played their gender roles as wives, dolls, drudges, playmates, breadwinner and heroines for both their families and country. The coming of the American Civil War in 1861 was one important event for these women to prove themselves as an independent figure in the danger of invasion and famine without help from men. From their beginning gender role as a graceful wealthy plantation mistress then suddenly reduced into poverty, Margaret Mitchell portrays the struggle of these women in the figure of Scarlett OHara as the protagonist character of her only novel
THE TRAGIC ELEMENTS IN BRAD SILBERLING'S (2004) LEMONY SNICKET'S A SERIES OF UNFORTUNATE EVENTS
Get PDFMovie is a kind of literary works in addition to novels, poems or songs. There are some genres of movie; one of them is comedy. Black comedy is its sub-genre. Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events is a black comedy movie which includes hamartia, anagnorisis, peripeteia, and catharsis. They are the key elements of Aristotle's theory of tragedy. In this paper, the writer shows the existence of those key elements in the movie. Also, the writer explains the extent of tragic elements in affecting the story of this movie. This paper shows that from the perspective of Aristotle's theory of tragedy, Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events can be viewed as tragedy
MERIT OR DEMERIT OF BILINGUALITY IN LEARNING ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE?
Get PDFIn surveys of third language acquisition (L3A) research, mixed results and findings demonstrate that there is no consensus among the researchers regarding the advantages and/or disadvantages ofbilinguality on L3A. The main concern
of the present study was, thus, to probe the probable differences between Iranian bilingual/monolingual learners of English regarding their syntactic knowledge. It was an attempt to investigate whether bilingual and monolingual learners of
English differ significantly in learning embedded question,
preposition stranding and pied piping knowledge. To carry out
this study, a total of399 male andfemale subjects at seven preuniversity centers in Arak, Iran were randomly selected from among two groups of Turkish-Persian bilinguals and Persian monolinguals. A general English proficiency test, a
questionnaire, and a syntactic structure test were administered to both groups. Statistical analyses including ANOVA, t-test and descriptive statistics revealed the following outcomes: 1- Monolingual and bilingual learners did not differ in acquiring syntactic structure, 2- No significant difference was observed between gender of monolinguals and bilinguals' performances in acquiring syntactic structure
A BOOK REVIEW: GRAPmc NOVELS: A FUN & CREATIVE WAY OF WRITING AND READING
No full textThe 21" century is marked for the vast development of digital
media. I fbefore, communicating with people from another country is reached by the sending ofletters or making international phone calls, nowadays people can do all of those in one go with the internet. Whether it is writing to people or speaking to them, all can be done at once with a bonus of even seeing who and what the other end is doing. The chatting facilities of e.g. the Yahoo Messenger or Skype make it
possible. Similarly, ifbefore students would spend hours of research at a library to fmd and read books, nowadays some of those same books can be read digitally in their own homes. Yet, Nancy Frey exclaims: "Readers in the 21 st century need to be able to analyze what they read and understand the motive of the author and the accuracy of the reading. They need to see themselves as active users, not merely vessels to be filled" (in http://www.educationworld.com /a_curr/profdev/profdevl05.sht m1, 2010). To do this, the traditional method of giving books to students to read either inside or outside the classroom, is a fact not to be argued. The problem is, with numerous instant facilities that a student can have now, may make them not patient enough to sit for long hours reading the pages and pages of books assigned by a teacher
IMPROVING STUDENTS' CLASSROOM BEHAVIOR BY MAXIMIZING TEACHER-STUDENT INTERACTION DURING CLASS
No full textAbstract: Behavior is one thing that is really important in one's life achievement. Behaviors will develop into character that defines one's future. Further, a research of Swick shows that a student's behavior in the classroom significantly affects his/her behavior outside the classroom, as in the real world. This article is focusing on a way to improve the students' behavior in the classroom. Teachers, as students' motivator and role model, can encourage them to improve their behavior through the limited learning process at school. It not through the presented material, yet it is through the way the material is presented in the class, the interaction led by the teacher. This article is trying to apply the communication science into classical teaching-learning process related to Skinner behaviorism theory. The better the stimulus, the better the response will be. Interaction is seen as the stimulus and the students' behavior is seen as the response to it. The better the interaction, the better the behavior will b
THE USE OF PROMPTING AND CONSEQUATING BEHAVIOURS IN STIMULATING CHILDREN TO USE ENGLISH AS THEIR SECOND LANGUAGE: A STUDY OF TWO INDONESIAN FAMILIES
No full text: English in Indonesia is still as a foreign language. Yet, there has been a growing need within Indonesian society to raise the children in bilingual or multilingual context by having English as a second language within the families. This article is a report on the research of two nuclear Indonesian families who stimulate their children to use English as the second language. The researched has been done through three procedures, i.e. recording, observation, and interview. In stimulating their children in using English, the parents used several ways, like prompting and consequating behaviours. Yet, the mix of two languages in using those ways made the results of this research unique and special. This article reports about the ways used by the parents. It is found that parents apply prompting but they only apply imitation for consequanting behaviours. It is also found some unique phenomenon that occurred in stimulating the children to use English language
ASSIMILATION IN AMY TANS THE KITCHEN GODS WIFE
No full textAssimilation of Chinese Americans may take the mode of China Doll, Anglo Conformity, or Cultural Pluralism. Each of those three modes appears in The Kitchen Gods Wife in the way the main character starts out as a China Doll, turns into some sort of Anglo Conformity, and finally assumes an attitude of Cultural Pluralism
TWO APPROACHES TO THE POSITIONING OF TRANSLATED TEXTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ITAMAR EVEN - ZOHARS POLYSYSTEM STUDIES AND GIDEON TOURYS DESCRIPTIVE TRANSLATION STUDIES AND BEYOND
No full textThis paper provides an analysis of the work of two contemporary scholars of Translation theory, Itamar Even-Zohar and Gideon Toury, both of whom work at the University of Tel Aviv. Their studies draw on Russian Formalism. Even-Zohars Polysystem theory pays attention to the ways in which source texts are received by the target culture and within its literary polysystem. He particularly emphasises the way in which source texts are selected by the target literature, and the way in which translated works adopt specific norms, behaviours, and policies which are part of that receiving system. Gideon Toury also sees the act of translation as fulfilling a function allotted by the receiving community and extends Even-Zohars discussion by a more detailed consideration of the role of norms in the translation process. The paper suggests that Tourys ideas have been more readily accepted by the academic community because of the fit with other dimensions of contemporary thought