Celt: A Journal of Culture, English Language Teaching & Literature
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English Teachers’ Personally-Initiated Learning (PIL): Their Professional Development Preferences
Get PDFThis article aims at reporting a result of a small research in Bali about English teachers’ personally-initiated learning (PIL) preferences. The study was done through a small survey involving 156 English teachers and continued with a focus group discussion (FGD). The survey was mainly about English teacher’s PIL preferences, and the aspects which influence their participation. The survey revealed some PIL preferences, namely: web-browsing, reading books, colleagues sharing, reflection from experience and doing research. Following the survey analysis, 2 times of 90 minutes FGD were conducted by involving 15 English teachers. The focus group discussion was conducted to see English teachers’ PIL experiences and opinion regarding the PIL preferences found in the survey. The study found that English teachers’ preferences were influenced by their time, family responsibility, ability, age, effect-relevance and school-culture. Besides that, personal motivation was found to be essential in their professional development participation. Suggestions for school administrators are discussed as it reflects the implication of the findings of the study
Music Education and Sustainability in Lombok, Indonesia
Get PDFThis article discusses the challenges of teaching and sustaining music and other performing arts on the island of Lombok in Indonesia. It follows my field research trajectory on the island over a period of 34 years and analyzes the efforts of government interventions, non-government actors, and teachers and educational institutions in the transmission and sustainability of the arts. Interpretations indicate that a combination of globalization, urbanization, social media, everyday mediatization, and Islamization over recent decades negatively impacted traditional musics in specific ways, by problematizing sustainability. However, several agents–individuals inside and outside the government who understood the situation and had the foresight to take appropriate action–developed programs and organizations to maintain or aestheticize the performing arts, sustain musician livelihoods, and engage a new generation of male youth in music and dance. These efforts, supplemented by the formation of groups of leaders dedicated to the study of early culture on Lombok and fresh initiatives in music education, have ushered in new opportunities and visibility for traditional music and performing arts and performing artists
Is Nigeria Really “Big for Nothing”? Matters Arising from Kevin Nwabugwu Echeruo’s 1969 Propaganda Poster
Get PDFThe audacious declaration “Big for nothing” in Kevin Echeruo’s propaganda poster during the Nigerian civil war offers illumination to the forgotten undercurrents that drove the 30-month war which in the last fifty years has contributed to the setting of agenda for separatist polemics in the Nigeria nation-state. Using largely the iconographic approach to visual description and interpretation, this study examines the cultural codes and representational conventions that inform contemporary artistic representational style as a cultural practice. The illustration not only approximates to one of the early visual indicators on the divisive national challenge rendered in highly coded visual and linguistic rhetoric of hegemonic power struggle by the elite class, but also a significant metaphor of contemporary frustration on nationhood and nationality for most Nigerians. Accordingly, this article broaches on the parameters of patriotism, nationality and self-determination to posit that the illustration represents the extremes of citizen dissatisfaction couched in a radical artistic narrative of a caricature. It submits that the strength of national allegiance and cohesiveness is a function of the reciprocity to its citizens
The Role of Memory and Language in Transformation: Crucial Issues in American Indigenous Poetry
Get PDFThe integration of the personal and the political has been an engaging topic in analyses of literary texts by authors whose works are known for their political content and activism, as well as an emphasis on social justice. Literary audiences in the United States have been familiar with Joy Harjo and John Trudell, two well-known contemporary Indigenous poets, who have voiced out the concerns of Indigenous people in the face of colonization and injustice happening in their homeland. Within the fusion of the personal and the political, as well as the mythical, the idea of transformation is paramount for Indigenous authors since to move from the state of being colonized to one of being decolonized, transformation is undoubtedly crucial. This paper focuses on the role of memory and the power of language in the process of transformation in the three poems by Joy Harjo and John Trudell. The analysis uses a qualitative methodology in the form of a close reading of literary texts to uncover the interconnectedness of memory and language in transformation. I argue that Native poets experience personal transformation that is critically influenced by the role of ancestral memory and social and historical consciousness in the broader context of Indigenous people’s struggle and resistance, as well as the power of language to see reality differently and affect its change. The analysis is intended to show to what extent the concepts of memory and language are critical in the process of decolonization and the manners in which these texts can be empowering for both Indigenous and non-Indigenous audiences in response to forms of injustice through the integration of the personal, the political, and the mythical
The Power of Kalang Woman in Gender Equality (Ancient Javanese Acculturation with Indian Hinduism)
Get PDFKalang is a Javanese sub-ethnic within the Kalang tradition, which is an acculturation of ancient Javanese culture with Hindu culture coming from India. In everyday life, the Kalang women as a mother have a central role in the household activity of being responsible to the husband and children’s well-being. This cultural acculturation still exists in the lives of the Kalang people in Kendal, Central Java, Indonesia. In tradition, Kalang women have power in her position as a housewife, not in using her physical strenght, but to demonstrate the ability to think, manage time and control emotions in carrying out the three household activities of 1) domestic, 2) tradition, and 3) social activity. In today's modern era, gender equality becomes the central talk of how the Kalang society places women within a family that is judged not through the material she obtains, but by her responsibilities.. Through a deductive paradigm with ethnographic techniques, the research finds how powerful a mother is in managing the family. because she succeeded in showing her role as head of the family, thus perfecting the role of men also as breadwinner, and in making her family life stable by continuously upholding the Kalang tradition
Evaluating Teachers’ Performance: A Need for Effective Teaching
Get PDFThis article reports a study, which aims to evaluate the EFL teachers’ performance of teaching in the English Education Department of Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang (Unimus). The study was conducted to find out how competent the English lecturers/university teachers in the Department are in conducting an English Language Teaching (ELT) program in the classroom. A case study was employed to five teachers who taught the fifth-semester students in the Academic Year of 2017/2018. Through an observation during their teaching and learning process by involving four observers and through a questionnaire distributed to the 13 students in the fifth semester. The study shows the different results of teachers’ performance from both the teachers’ and students’ perspectives. Based on observation, it is revealed that the teachers’ performance in ELT program does not show a satisfactory result yet. The teachers tend to use unvarying methods and focus on certain students without knowing that some of them have learning problems. Meanwhile, from the questionnaire distributed to the students, it shows that the teachers have good competencies in conducting an ELT program in the classroom in which one of the indicators is seen from the personality of the teachers
Representing Multicultural Semarang through Gambang Semarang’s Narrative
Get PDFDance is usually perceived as a structured movement done by a person or more and accompanied by music and in some cases songs. The attention on physical movement often neglects the narrative which may exist behind a dance. Dances often have stories which frame the sequence of movements done by the dancers. The stories in a dance have elements of literature such as theme, plot, characters, and setting. This paper which is part of an on-going research on Semarang traditional dance discusses the story told through the movements and costume of Gambang Semarang dance. Gambang Semarang is traditional performing arts from Semarang which originally consists of music, vocal, dance, and comedy. Gambang Semarang dance was a small part of Gambang Semarang performance, but it is often performed separately from the complete performance now. The dance is commonly accompanied by Gambang Semarang music which combines Javanese music instruments, gamelan, and Chinese music instruments. In some occasions, songs such as Gambang Semarang and Gado-Gado Semarang are presented along with the music. Gambang Semarang dance itself is often considered as Semarang’s identity as the dance tries to embrace the multicultural society of Semarang which are Javanese, Chinese, and Arabs through the dance movements and the costume worn by the dancer. Data were collected through interviews with key informants. The results of the interviews then were analyzed to find out the stories represented by Gambang Semarang. The findings show that dance movements and costumes of Gambang Semarang indeed represent multicultural Semarang
The Implementation of Herringbone Technique in Reading Comprehension at Second Semester of Non-English Department
Get PDFHerringbone technique is the technique to help students find important information and main idea in a text by seeking the answer of six comprehension questions on a diagram. This study is intended to know how the lecturer’s implement herringbone technique to the students’ reading comprehension, especially detail information and main idea. The research was done at STAI Bahrul ‘Ulum Tambakberas. The subject of the study was the second semester of PAI-A students consisting 33 students. The study is descriptive qualitative conducted in four meetings. The researcher applied several techniques including observation, field notes, interview, questionnaire, and students’ test. To analyze the lecture’s implementation, data condensation which are selecting, focusing, simplifying, abstracting and transforming all the data found. Then data display means compressed the information, and the last was conclusion drawing. In analyzing the test, the researcher used holistic scoring scale adapted from Brown. And diagram used to analyze the students’ respond toward the implementation. The research finding shows that the implementation of herringbone technique is conducted into three phases; (1) pre-reading phase, which focussed on background knowledge and brainstorm, (2) whilst-reading, which consist on reading activity, fill and discuss the diagram, and (3) post-reading which mean to check the students’ understanding. In conclusion, the use of herringbone technique in teaching reading comprehension requires the lecture to do specific activities of teaching and learning process in accordance with the stages of herringbone technique. The student’s responses result to the herringbone questions and the number of main ideas during teaching learning process increased from first until fourth meeting. The students’ responded toward the implementation of herringbone technique was very good, gave possitive effect and helped them more easily in understanding the text
An Error Analysis of Using Phrases in Writing Recount Text at Tenth Grade in SMA Parulian 2 Medan
Get PDFThis thesis is the study about an error analysis of using phrases in writing recount text at tenth grader in SMA Parulian 2 Medan. The objective of the study is to identify the types of common phrases’ error made by the students of tenth grader in SMA Parulian 2 Medan in writing recount text. This study used descriptive qualitative research. The subject of this study is the tenth grade students of SMA Parulian 2 Medan which consists of three classes. The object of this study is class of X-A. The instrument of collecting data used writing test, writing recount text. The data were analyzed by identifying the students’ phrases errors by underlining each error from students’ answer sheet, after that classifying the types of error based on five types of phrases. Finally, the research result showed that there are 145 phrases errors made by the students X-A in writing recount text. The types of phrases which indicate common error is on noun phrase. The number of noun phrase error are 83 with percentage 57,24%, followed by verb phrase has 28 with percentage 19,31%, the third is prepositional phrase which has 22 with percentage 15,17%, the fourth is adjective phrase which has 10 with percentage 6,90%, the last is adverb phrase has 2 with percentage 1,38%. It was caused the students constructed or arranged the words or sentences based on Indonesian meaning. English has different rules in constructing phrases. The students also were lack of knowledge about phrases. Therefore, English teachers are expected to focus on types of phrases in learning English
Deviation of Meanings with Homonymy as an Effort to Build Humor in Meme: A Semantic Study
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is (1) Describe how the use of homonymy for deviation of meaning as an effort to build humor in meme. (2) Describes a pattern of deviations of meaning that utilize homonymy in memes. This research is a descriptive-qualitative research. The data were collected using the method of simak and technique of notes. Data analysis in this research use method of match referential and connecting techniques to support codification, reduction, display, and interpretation in accordance with qualitative research framework. The results of this research, found the use of relations of homonymous meaning include the word base, derivative, foreign, and slang. Also found a deviation of meaning by utilizing homonymy that occurs due to euphemism, naming, and awarding pause. In addition to homonymy also found the use of homophony and then homography of word abbreviation. There are three patterns used to make deviations of meaning by utilizing homonymy. (1) The abused word is accompanied by text as explanatory. (2) The abused word is accompanied by the picture as explanatory. (3) The abused word does not appear in the language symbol but the image with the text as explanatory. The holder of the important role of deviation of meaning in the meme is the image and the use of collocation. The right collocation is capable of tricking the reader before finally being startled by a second meaning. Collocation can determine the successful use of homonymy to build humor in a meme. If the meaning of collocation fails to deliver the reader to the meaning presented, then the meaning of the surprise fails to show