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Optimal Decisions and Why Not to Ask AI for Them
No full textAlthough we make decisions all the time in our own personal lives and as scientists, there is still a surprising amount of ambiguity about what constitutes an optimal decision. We recently started to improve or fully outsource some of our decision-making to AI technologies that are built to provide recommendations or decision-making support. In a society that relies more and more on such support systems, it is also remarkably unclear how optimal decision-making could be further boosted. Although AI outputs often successfully assist human decision-making processes, what has yet to find sufficient attention in the debate is an encompassing understanding of the conditions for optimal decision-making with and without AI. This chapter (i) critically investigates the understanding of and overall pursuit to make optimal decisions, and (ii) describes the discrepancy between human practice of decision-making and the so-called AI decision-making processes. The concept of decision-making is connected to concepts of agency and thus part of a normative framework. One result of this investigation is that while AI can provide some calculative assistance to find a defined optimum, it cannot make optimal decisions.
Across Diagnostic Boundaries: Genetic Variants for Neuropsychiatric Disorders and their Association with Human Brain Structure
No full textRANO criteria for response assessment of brain metastases based on amino acid PET imaging
No full textDifferential Lesion Patterns Associated With Stroke‐Induced Apraxia in Women and Men
No full textOpen access funding enabled and organized by project DEAL
Distinct brain atrophy progression subtypes underlie phenoconversion in isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder
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Comparison of Spin Manipulation with Spatially Oscillating Longitudinal or Transversal Magnetic Fields
No full textSona-transition units have been used since 1967 to conduct non-adiabatic transitionsbetween Zeeman states. Their energy levels depend on the external magneticfield. This means that spins and the external magnetic field have an oppositerelative orientations after the particle beam passed through the Sona-transition region,which is an area of rapid inversion of the B-field. The Zeeman states willbe changed as well, because they are equivalent to combinations of electron- andnuclear-spin orientations. In experiments an unexpected effect had beenobserved though, that presented itself as oscillations of the measured intensitiesor polarizations when changing the magnetic field strength in the Sona-transitionregion. Only quite recent, this effect could be explained: The spatially oscillatingmagnetic field of the Sona-transition unit acts on passing atoms as coherentphotons. Here the magnets are aligned parallel to the beam line with a primarylongitudinal magnetic field. The photon-like interaction between atoms and theB-field is mainly caused by the higher order radial component of the magneticfield. Therefore, a new setup with magnetic fields orthogonal to the beam linewas developed. This new transversal Sona-transition unit consists of two coilpairs to produce opposing magnetic fields and was tested by varying several parameterslike the distance from the beam axis to the coils or the position alongthe beam line. The corresponding results confirm simulations that are made inparallel for this new magnetic field configuration. Thereby, it was observed thatjust one coil pair and its transversal magnetic field is already enough to inducetransitions within the hyperfine states