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Magnesia-stabilized zirconia (MSZ) thermal barrier coatings by suspension plasma spraying: Coating properties and service life behavior
No full textBegin-of-Life analysis of a 60-cell polymer electrolyte water Electrolysis stack
No full textsiehe Anlag
Continuous dehydrogenation of perhydro benzyltoluene and perhydro dibenzyltoluene in a packed bed vertical tubular reactor – The role of LOHC evaporation
No full textExploring Arylidene–Indolinone Ligands of Autophagy Proteins LC3B and GABARAP
No full textWe report the first structure–activity studies of arylidene–indolinone compound GW5074, which was reported as a ligand of autophagy-related protein LC3B. The literature has conflicting information on the binding affinity of this compound, and there is some debate regarding its use as a component of autophagy-dependent degrader compounds. We developed an AlphaScreen assay to measure competitive inhibition of the binding of known peptide ligands to LC3B and its paralog GABARAP. Eighteen analogs were synthesized and tested against both proteins. Inhibitory potencies were found to be in the mid- to high-micromolar range. 2D-NMR data revealed the binding site on GABARAP as hydrophobic pocket 1, where native peptide ligands bind with an aromatic side chain. Our results suggest that GW5074 binds LC3B and GABARAP with micromolar affinity. These affinities could support further exploration in targeted protein degradation, but only if off-target effects and poor solubility can be appropriately addressed
Neural correlates of insomnia with depression and anxiety from a neuroimaging perspective: A systematic review
No full textInsomnia affects a substantial proportion of the population and frequently co-occurs with mental illnesses including depression and anxiety. However, the neurobiological correlates of these disorders remain unclear. Here we review magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies assessing structural and functional brain associations with depressive and anxiety symptoms in insomnia disorder (ID; n = 38), insomnia symptoms in depressive and anxiety disorders (n = 14), and these symptoms in the general populations (n = 3). The studies on insomnia disorder consistently showed overlapping (salience network: insula and anterior cingulate cortex) and differential MRI correlation patterns between depressive (thalamus, orbitofrontal cortex and its associated functional connectivity) and anxiety (functional connectivity associated with default mode network) symptoms. The insula was also consistently identified as indicating the severity of insomnia symptoms in depressive disorder. In contrast, findings for other regions related to insomnia symptoms in both depressive and anxiety disorders were generally inconsistent across studies, partly due to variations in methods and patient cohorts. In the general population, brain regions in the default mode network provided a functional link between insomnia and depressive symptoms. These findings underscore both the shared and distinct neural correlates among depression, anxiety, and insomnia, providing potential avenues for the clinical management of these conditions
On the transmission eigenvalues for scattering by a clamped planar region
No full textIn this paper, we consider a new transmission eigenvalue problem derived from the scattering by a clamped cavity in a thin elastic material. Scattering in a thin elastic material can be modeled by the Kirchhoff–Love infinite plate problem. This results in a biharmonic scattering problem that can be handled by operator splitting. The main novelty of this transmission eigenvalue problem is that it is posed in all of . This adds analytical and computational difficulties in studying this eigenvalue problem. Here, we prove that the eigenvalues can be recovered from the far field data as well as discreteness of the transmission eigenvalues. We provide some numerical experiments via boundary integral equations to demonstrate the theoretical results. We also conjecture monotonicity with respect to the measure of the scatterer from our numerical experiments
Subacute cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation rescues secondary thalamic neurodegeneration after cortical stroke in mice
No full textTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a clinically promising neuromodulatory therapy, capable of promoting function and motor recovery after stroke. Beyond the primary stroke lesion, remote networks disturbances, e.g., stroke-induced secondary neurodegeneration (SND), are related to long-term disabilities. Under the hypothesis that tDCS promotes recovery by supporting neuroprotection, we investigated the effects of tDCS on thalamic SND after stroke. Three days after cortical stroke, induced by photothrombosis, cathodal tDCS over the lesioned cortex was performed daily for ten days (39.6 kC/m2). SND, i.e., neuronal loss, and inflammation in the ipsilesional thalamus were evaluated ex vivo 28 days after stroke. Parameters of functional thalamic network integration measured by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) were conducted longitudinally. To assess the effects of tDCS on glucose metabolism, positron emission tomography (PET) was performed after a similar tDCS regimen in healthy mice. Repetitive tDCS decreased the ipsilateral thalamic glucose metabolism in unlesioned animals. Four weeks after cortical stroke, secondary glial scaring was found in the ipsilesional thalamus, its extent correlating to the cortical lesion size (R2 = 0.54, p < 0.001). Notably, while it did not affect glial scaring, tDCS reduced thalamic neurodegeneration by over 60 % (p < 0.05), being reflected by parameters of functional thalamic integration as assessed by rs-fMRI. Additionally, tDCS downregulated the pro-inflammatory polarization of microglia. Overall, tDCS ameliorated the stroke-induced remote SND, in parallel to mitigating sustained neuroinflammation. Thus, the data show that tDCS exerts previously unknown effects on remote brain regions after stroke.Keywords: Experimental stroke; Glucose metabolism; Neuroinflammation; Secondary neurodegeneration; Stroke recovery; Transcranial direct current stimulation
Spectral Unmixing of Airborne and Ground-Based Imaging Spectroscopy for Pigment-Specific FAPAR and Sun-Induced Fluorescence Interpretation
No full textAccurate quantification of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by chlorophyll (ℎ) and the corresponding fluorescence quantum efficiency (FQE) is critical for understanding vegetation productivity. In this study, we investigate the retrieval of pigment-specific effective absorbance and Sun-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) using both airborne hyperspectral imagery (HyPlant) and ground-based field spectroscopy (FloX) over a well-irrigated alfalfa field in northeastern Spain. Spectral unmixing techniques, including Constrained Least Squares (CLS), Potential Function (POT), and Bilinear (BIL) models, were applied to disentangle pigment and background contributions. The CLS approach was identified as the most robust, balancing reconstruction accuracy with physical plausibility. We derived ℎfrom the abundance-weighted pigment absorbance and combined it with spectrally-integrated SIF to calculate FQE. Comparisons between airborne and ground-based measurements revealed strong agreement, highlighting the potential of this combined methodology. The study demonstrates the applicability of advanced spectral unmixing frameworks for both airborne and proximal sensing data, providing a reliable baseline for photosynthetic efficiency in a healthy crop and establishing a foundation for future stress detection studies
