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Unraveling Performance Decay in Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells: Laying the Groundwork for Experiment-Driven Modeling Approaches
No full textThis year’s conference program reflects the breadth and depth of ongoing research, featuring two plenary lectures, four keynote addresses, 36 contributed oral presentations in two parallel sessions, and the record number of more than 100 posters. This Book of Abstracts provides an overview of the contributions, offering valuable insights into current research trends and future directions
Experimental seasonal monitoring and forecasting of total subsurface water storage over Germany
No full textImpacts of regional climate change have become apparent during recent summer droughts that affected Germany since 2018. In this context, the need has been increasing for relevant and usable information on the status and the evolution of subsurface water resources by the interested public and decision makers across sectors, such as agriculture and water resources. Pertaining to this need, we have developed and operate a hydrological monitoring and forecasting system, in which the integrated hydrological model ParFlow with its internal land surface module CLM (Common Land Model) simulates on a daily basis the terrestrial part of the water cycle down to a depth of 60m for Germany and beyond at about 0.6km horizontal resolution. The atmospheric driver for the daily ParFlow 9-day forecasts is the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) deterministic HRES forecast. To account for the uncertainty of the weather forecast, and especially precipitation, a 50-member ensemble driven by the ECMWF ENS forecast is calculated every second day. In addition, at the beginning of each meteorological season, we add a 7-month 50-member forecast using ECMWF SEAS atmospheric forcing. Each simulation is computed on a single JUWELS Booster node, taking advantage of the highly efficient GPU capability of ParFlow. To provide easily accessible information on the current state, the past and the potential future evolution, we created the “FZJ experimental Water Resources Bulletin for Germany” (FZJ eWRB) (https://www.adapter-projekt.de/bulletin/index_en.html). The FZJ eWRB always follows a recurring content and structure. Currently, it features the monthly total subsurface climatological storage anomaly from the surface to 60m subsurface depth in mm water column, including the spatial distribution of the past meteorological season. The time series of the monthly evolution since 2011 for Germany is combined with the 7-month forecasts initialised at the beginning of each meteorological season, including uncertainty information from 50 ensemble members. This helps to evaluate, e.g., the severity of a drought condition in a climatological context. The last part of the bulletin presents storage anomaly information for each NUTS3 administrative region for the same forecasting period. While solely based on simulation results, the FZJ experimental Water Resources Bulletin provides the first German wide consistent picture of water resources anomalies up to the seasonal timescale, and at a spatial resolution that is relevant for all water sectors
Development of an epithermal and fast neutron target station for the High Brilliance Neutron Source
No full textThe conceptual design of an epithermal and fast neutron target–moderator–reflector (TMR) unit for the High BrillianceNeutron Source (HBS) project is presented. A total of 450 simulations with the Monte Carlo code PHITS were analyzed to exploredifferent combinations and thicknesses of pre-moderator and moderator materials. For each case, the highest epithermal outgoingneutron current at the end of an extraction channel was obtained. Analysis of the outgoing current density showed that the neutronspectra are independent of the proton pulse width, while the integral outgoing current is proportional to the pulse width, indicatinga trade-off between the time resolution obtained and the neutron flux per pulse expected at the sample position. The neutrontime distribution analysis showed that D2O as pre-moderator, combined with D2O, 7LiF or graphite as moderators, will provide acompetitive epithermal neutron current. The averaged epithermal and fast values obtained for the 96 Hz station and 167 μs protonpulse width are 9×109 cm−2 s−1 and 2×1010 cm−2 s−1 for the epithermal and fast neutron extraction channels, respectively, withreductions expected for short proton pulses in burst-mode operation
Neuroimaging Meets Machine Learning: Identifying Neuroimaging-derived Predictors of Hand Grip Strength Independent of Age, Sex, and Body Composition
No full textThe architecture of the human default mode network explored through cytoarchitecture, wiring and signal flow
No full textThe default mode network (DMN) is implicated in many aspects of complex thought and behavior. Here, we leverage postmortem histology and in vivo neuroimaging to characterize the anatomy of the DMN to better understand its role in information processing and cortical communication. Our results show that the DMN is cytoarchitecturally heterogenous, containing cytoarchitectural types that are variably specialized for unimodal, heteromodal and memory-related processing. Studying diffusion-based structural connectivity in combination with cytoarchitecture, we found the DMN contains regions receptive to input from sensory cortex and a core that is relatively insulated from environmental input. Finally, analysis of signal flow with effective connectivity models showed that the DMN is unique amongst cortical networks in balancing its output across the levels of sensory hierarchies. Together, our study establishes an anatomical foundation from which accounts of the broad role the DMN plays in human brain function and cognition can be developed
Long‐Term Stability and Oxidation of Ferroelectric AlScN Devices: An Operando Hard X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study
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NiPt catalysts for the synthesis of iso-butanol: the influence of molar ratio and total metal loading on activity and stability
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