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Trim and Triumph (TNT) challenge: a workplace intervention on body composition, metabolic, and psychological health in overweight and obese office workers
No full textBackground: The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among Malaysian adults underscores the urgent need to identify contributing factors and implement effective prevention strategies. This doctoral study aimed to examine sociodemographic and lifestyle determinants of overweight and obesity, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the 12-week Trim and Triumph (TNT) Challenge among overweight and obese office workers.
Method: A cross-sectional study involving 308 Malaysian adults aged 18–67 years was conducted using online questionnaires, including sociodemographic information, self-reported BMI, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Additionally, a 12-week intervention was carried out among 40 office workers (mean age 35.38 ± 5.58 years; BMI 32.56 ± 5.91 kg/m²). The TNT Challenge comprised structured workouts, dietary guidance, fitness assessments, and health education. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included body composition, dietary intake, metabolic markers, hunger-related hormones, and psychological measures. Focus group discussions explored 28 participants’ perceptions and experiences. Pared t-test were analysed using SPSS version 29.0.1.1. While. Thematic data was further analysed using NVivo.
Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the cross-sectional sample was 38% and 26.9%, respectively. Full-time employment (p < 0.01) and poor sleep quality (p < 0.05) significantly increased the odds of being overweight or obese, while men had lower odds (p < 0.001). Following the TNT Challenge, significant improvements were observed in body weight, BMI, body fat percentage, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol (p < 0.05). Increases in PYY, ghrelin, healthier dietary intake patterns, reduced stress, improved sleep quality, and enhanced quality of life were also recorded. Knowledge, attitude, and practice scores improved significantly. Qualitative findings revealed key themes related to motivation, expectations, challenges, support systems, and strategies for sustaining healthy behaviours.
Conclusion: The study demonstrates the high burden of overweight and obesity among Malaysian adults and highlights the effectiveness of a holistic workplace intervention in improving physical health, psychological well-being, and lifestyle behaviours
Computational investigation of flow dynamics in acoustically driven cavitating flow in horn-type reactors
Full text linkAcoustic cavitation remains, to this day, a peculiar acoustofluidic phenomenon that has recently attained highly concentrated research traction, as many seek new passive solutions to intensify a variety of chemical processes. However, the ever-increasing severity of water crisis serves as the primary driver to expand on this research. It has been previously established that ultrasonically induced cavitation retains the ability to induce high yields of volatile hydroxyl radicals within the working fluid domain through generating severe flow conditions upon their collapse. However, the underlying coupled behaviour of the acoustically induced flow behaviours and the acoustic cavitation remains prominently inconclusive. Therefore, the presented investigation revolves around numerically exploring multiphase flow behaviours observed in a horn-type reactor environment. This is performed by configuring a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) setup with a new cavitation model and a dynamic mesh model, generalizing the coupled flow behaviours observed under multiple horn tips of varying diameters, and establishing the relationship between the cavitating flow with the reactor performances observed.
In that manner, the CFD setup was coupled with a newly derived cavitation model based on a series of derivations of the Rayleigh-Plesset equation that define the bubble radial development in terms of water tension and inertial growth. Empirical values that surfaced from the model were statistically optimized through a Design of Experiments approach, coupled with Monte Carlo simulations, to assess the influence of empirical model constants on the model’s performance by examining variations in amplitude and frequency responses. This was then coupled with a dynamic meshing model that defines the oscillating ultrasonic horn walls as uniformly and sinusoidally deforming. Upon comparatively assessing each model’s performance, it was ultimately revealed that Kirchhoff-based model generally underpredicts the acoustic cavitation structure experimentally observed under the horn tip. Based on the Finite Time Lyapunov Exponent (FTLE) results, key differences lied within the vortex shape and position proximally generated; the Kirchhoff-based model predicted an eccentric vortex that induced an impinging jet that facilitates a two-step collapse of the cavitation, as opposed to the single-step collapse typically observed.
As the vortex was revealed to have a key role in the flow-cavitation coupling, a parametric analysis was conducted on a horn-type reactor domain considering multiple diameters, namely 3, 6, 13, 16, and 19 mm, to further explore the extent of this coupling. It was uncovered that the acoustic cavity structure falls between two geometrical structures, namely, mushroom-like structure (MBS) and cone-like bubble structure (CBS), based on the actuated ultrasonic horn tip diameter. The cavity structure is molded into MBS by the presence of a symmetric locomotive vortex structure that extends up to 1.5 times the horn tip diameter. Meanwhile, CBS takes shape in the presence of an eccentric locomotive vortex that attains a size within 0.2–0.6 times the horn tip diameter. Upon time-averaging the flow, the stream-linked vortex produced in all cases was found to consistently create a stagnation plane at a distance two times the horn tip diameter (2D) from the horn tip. A one-dimensional mathematical formulation was derived and solved based on the Stuart streaming conservation of momentum and its respective definition of the acoustic force. This revealed that compound attenuation of the acoustic force decreases exponentially at a maximum rate of ≈1.70 with the doubling of Reynolds number. However, an inverse trend was demonstrated, upon considering the influence of the diameter, by the dimensionless attenuation, as it gradually increased by a factor of ≈1.28.
Ultimately, the practical significance of this trend of acoustic attenuation induced by the presence of the cavitation structure was most pronounced after conducting yet another parametric investigation scrutinizing the reactor performance of horn-type reactors of the following sizes: 3 mm, 7 mm, 14 mm, 24 mm, 32 mm, and 40 mm. A numerical investigation of these cases highlighted that the vortex gradually becomes more viscous-dominant under larger horns, which, in turn, prevents it from creating the low-pressure nodes previously observed within the vicinity of smaller horns. As a result, this led to the shrinkage of the cavitation structure, and ultimately, creating a slowly oscillating thin flat attached cavitation structure. Due to the recurrence of this observation in cases of 24 mm, 32 mm, and 40 mm horns, it was concluded that such low frequency oscillations of such structures release more hydroxyl radicals and create more activity zones
Speech emotion recognition (SER) system for late-deafened educators in online teaching
No full textSpeech emotion recognition (SER) involves predicting human emotions from speech signals, aiding in the understanding of human behaviour and offering opportunities in human-computer interaction (HCI). It is widely applicable across domains such as psychology, medicine, education, and entertainment. This research explores the development of an SER system to support late-deafened educators in online teaching environments.
A review of relevant literature highlighted the importance of emotional engagement, defined as students’ emotional responses to academic content, which is essential for effective learning and often conveyed through vocal and behavioural cues. However, in online classes, such non-verbal cues are limited due to the lack of physical presence, resulting to what is referred to as emotional deficiency. This challenge is particularly significant for late-deafened educators, who may find it difficult to hear or interpret verbal feedback, making it harder to gauge student emotions and engagement. To address this, a real-world SER system was developed to detect and display student emotions from verbal feedback accurately and in real time. The aim was to help late-deafened educators better understand student engagement and adjust their teaching strategies accordingly during online classes.
A preliminary study indicated emotional deficiency in online classes and highlighted the value of integrating emotional feedback into online teaching environments. The proposed system extracted acoustic features such as Zero Crossing Rate (ZCR), Root Mean Square (RMS), Chroma-STFT, Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs), and Mel-spectrograms. Three hybrid CNN architectures combining 1D, 2D, and 3D layers were explored through a novel comparative analysis using fusion strategies: averaging, parallel merging, and sequential integration. These models were evaluated on five benchmark datasets—IEMOCAP, DEMoS, TESS, RAVDESS, and EMO-DB. The averaging fusion model consistently outperformed the others, achieving accuracies of 82% on IEMOCAP, 91% on DEMoS, EMO-DB, and RAVDESS, and 100% on TESS, and was therefore selected for implementation.
The final system featured a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI) and was evaluated for usability and user experience through testing with educators both with and without hearing impairment. Quantitative results showed that 90% of users found the system intuitive and effective for real-time emotion detection, and 80% of late-deafened educators reported it accurately captured student emotions. Qualitative feedback further emphasized its value in helping educators tailor instruction based on emotional cues. This research demonstrates a very high practical value of integrating SER into online teaching to enhance late-deafened educators’ awareness of student emotional engagement and to support more adaptive teaching strategies. However, the developed system relies solely only on five discrete, universally accepted human emotions, which are further classified into positive or negative emotions. It relies partly on acted speech datasets, which may not fully capture the subtle, diverse, and spontaneous expressions typical in real classrooms. The absence of multimodal cues, such as facial expressions or textual input, limits the system’s ability to provide a holistic understanding of student emotions in real time. Future enhancements can include expanding emotion categories to cover education-specific states like confusion or boredom, and integrating multimodal cues (facial expressions, text and such) to improve real-time accuracy and contextual understanding across diverse learning environments
The evolution of Jah Hut agricultural practices in Peninsular Malaysia: history, sustainability, and livelihoods
No full textThis thesis examines the historical evolution, sustainability, and socio-economic significance of Jah Hut Indigenous agriculture, with a focus on shifting cultivation and its transformations in response to modernization, land tenure policies, and environmental changes. The study addresses the limited documentation of Orang Asli agricultural practices, particularly how traditional land-use systems have adapted or been displaced over time. By integrating historical, ecological, and socio-economic analyses, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of the resilience and challenges facing Jah Hut farmers today.
A mixed-methods approach was used, incorporating archival research, ethnographic fieldwork, household surveys, participatory discussions, and sustainability assessments. Rooted in decolonizing methodologies and Critical Indigenous Theory, this study prioritizes Jah Hut epistemologies, ensuring ethical engagement through Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC). A research protocol was developed in collaboration with the Jah Hut community, reinforcing knowledge reciprocity and trust-building in data collection and analysis.
Findings reveal that Jah Hut shifting cultivation remains ecologically viable, promoting biodiversity conservation, soil fertility, and climate resilience. The agricultural system embodies a hybrid model, integrating elements of traditional shifting cultivation and Indigenous agroforestry. Intercropping and rotational cropping strategies sustain soil health, but land tenure insecurity, restrictive conservation policies, and market pressures have significantly disrupted traditional practices. The transition toward cash crop cultivation - particularly oil palm and rubber - has reshaped land-use patterns, altered food security dynamics, and contributed to a decline in intergenerational knowledge transmission. Additionally, gendered divisions of labor remain crucial, with women playing a central role in seed preservation, weeding, and post-harvest processing.
The research applies the modified IDEA (Indicateurs de Durabilité des Exploitations Agricoles) framework to assess Jah Hut agricultural sustainability. The assessment underscores that Jah Hut agricultural systems demonstrate agroecological resilience but face structural barriers that hinder long-term viability. Economic constraints, limited market access, and state-led agricultural interventions often fail to align with Indigenous governance structures, leading to a gradual erosion of self-sufficiency.
To provide an accurate representation of Jah Hut livelihoods, this study employs an adapted Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF) that expands beyond conventional economic assessments. By incorporating Indigenous governance structures, non-monetary economic exchanges, and ecological stewardship, the modified SLF framework offers a holistic understanding of how Jah Hut households navigate subsistence farming, wage labor, and external development pressures. The findings challenge mainstream livelihood models that overlook Indigenous agency and highlight the need for policies that prioritize land tenure security, cultural sustainability, and food sovereignty.
This research contributes to ongoing policy discussions on Indigenous land rights, sustainable agriculture, and cultural preservation. It advocates for participatory governance models, tenure security, and agroecological approaches that support Indigenous autonomy. Recognizing shifting cultivation as a dynamic and knowledge-intensive agricultural system rather than an obstacle to development is essential for ensuring the long-term resilience of Jah Hut agriculture in Peninsular Malaysia
Life cycle sustainability assessment of palm oil supply chain: enhancing policy decision in Malaysia
No full textThe Malaysian palm oil industry faces growing scrutiny over its environmental footprint, social equity, and economic sustainability. This study develops and applies a novel integration framework that combines life cycle methodologies with decision-making tools—applying a Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment framework that integrates Environmental Life Cycle Assessment, Life Cycle Costing, and Social Life Cycle Assessment with the Analytic Hierarchy Process—to evaluate two upstream palm oil production facilities located in Perak and Pahang. By adopting a site-specific, International Organization for Standardization-aligned methodology, the study quantifies key sustainability trade-offs across production processes. To address the limitations of siloed assessment, AHP was incorporated to translate multi-dimensional Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment results into policy priorities, informed by stakeholder input from government, industry, Non-government organisations, and academia.
Findings reveal contrasting sustainability profiles: Mill A demonstrated stronger social performance in worker welfare and community engagement, while Mill B excelled in environmental and economic efficiency. A composite scoring system and sensitivity analysis validated the prioritization of Policy C—a balanced strategy integrating all three sustainability pillars. To bridge empirical assessment and governance design, a Governance Integration Logic Model was developed, structuring the translation of LCSA– Analytic Hierarchical Process results into actionable policy instruments and institutional pathways.
Practically, the framework supports evidence-based policy design for improving environmental, economic, and social performance in Malaysia’s palm oil production. This research contributes to the theoretical development of integrated sustainability frameworks by combining empirical life-cycle case analysis with multi-criteria decision techniques. The research also contributes to sustainability science by offering a replicable framework that integrates quantitative rigor with participatory decision-making. It delivers policy-relevant insights for enhancing Malaysian Sustainable Palm Oil certification, improving social safeguards, and aligning sectoral reforms with the Sustainable Development Goals and Paris Agreement. The study concludes with a four-pillar governance strategy encompassing certification reform, stakeholder inclusion, innovation hubs, and digital monitoring—positioning Malaysia as a leader in sustainable agro-industrial governance
A multi-criteria decision-making approach for hazardous waste site selection : integrating AHP and Monte Carlo Simulation in the Malaysian context
No full textThis research presents a decision-support framework for hazardous waste treatment site selection by integrating the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with Monte Carlo Simulation. Malaysia serves as the case study, with findings intended to inform both national and global applications in developing countries facing similar challenges.A ten-criterion Hazardous Waste Management (HWM) index was developed to reflect the multidimensional aspects of site suitability—spanning environmental, social, economic, regulatory, and technical factors. Stakeholder input was gathered through structured pairwise comparisons with three groups: industry players, broader industrial stakeholders, and academic researchers. AHP was used to derive priority weights for each criterion, while Monte Carlo Simulation tested the robustness of the results under uncertainty.The findings reveal a strong emphasis on industry output, economic viability, and regulatory compliance across groups, with variations in the importance of environmental and social factors. Monte Carlo results validated the stability of top-ranked criteria and highlighted sensitivity in lower-ranked ones.This study contributes a replicable, adaptable framework that supports transparent, data-informed infrastructure planning. It enhances decision-making in hazardous waste management and aligns with broader goals of circular economy and sustainable development
Qualitative research: employer branding influences on recruitment outcomes in the Malaysian financial industry
No full textThe research explores the influence of employer branding on recruitment outcomes in the Financial Industry in Malaysia, focusing on the perceptions and experiences of employees. With human resources, being the most valuable resource, significantly contributing to the growth and sustainability of an organisation, decoding the recruitment best practices is a key to attract top talent. Meanwhile, a positive employer reputation communicates that the organisation is an excellent employer and offers a good workplace culture and environment. Therefore, many organisations now have begun to focus on developing and improvising their Employee Value Proposition (EVP). In today’s competitive job market, organisations are beginning to acknowledge the importance of employer branding in influencing recruitment outcomes. Employer branding, however, is defined differently across organisations, notably with the shift in demographics, economic conditions, technologies, emergence of Covid19 and sustainability. With current data highlighting the importance of effective recruitment, it is imperative for organisations to build a good brand to differentiate themselves and gain a competitive advantage in the job market. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to explore: (1) What is the perception of HR Practitioners in the financial industry in Malaysia on employer branding?, (2) How do employees perceive recruitment practices in the financial industry in Malaysia? and (3) How does this perception affect recruitment outcomes? In-depth interviews were conducted among 16 employees in the Financial Industry in Malaysia, encompassing the Development Financial Institutions (DFIs), Commercial and Islamic Banks. The data was analysed using thematic analysis, identifying 8 key themes. The findings led to valuable insights regarding Employer Branding strategies and decoding HR’s recruitment best practices. Additionally, implications of research and practice were discussed which may serve as a catalyst for implementing interventions and strategies to cultivate a more supportive and inclusive workplace environment for all. Insights for future research were also highlighted
Further structure-activity relationship studies of schwarzinicine A analogues for vasorelaxant activity, and optimization of the total synthesis of schwarzinicine A
No full textDespite the availability of antihypertensive agents, resistant hypertension afflicts many individuals and requires multidrug regimens which contributes to issues regarding adherence and financial burden. Previously, a new phenethylamine alkaloid, schwarzinicine A, was isolated from a local fig tree, F. schwarzii, and was found to exhibit significant vasorelaxant effects in rat isolated aorta, making it a promising lead in the discovery of an antihypertensive that is effective against resistant hypertension. Therefore, a preliminary structure-activity relationship (SAR) study was performed through the synthesis of schwarzinicine A analogues, where several criteria for good activity and structural features that enhance vasorelaxation were identified. Analogues in the current study were designed to optimize the promising moieties revealed in the preliminary work to conduct a more in-depth SAR study and further improve potency. All synthesized analogues were evaluated for their vasorelaxant activity using the organ bath assay. Many SAR trends were observed through analysis of their activities. Of particular interest was analogue 113n, featuring a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl ring C, which demonstrated the greatest potency of all analogues synthesized to date (112-fold better than schwarzinicine A). This is likely due to the formation of bifurcated hydrogen bonds between the pair of hydroxyl groups and the target site. Preliminary pharmacological studies were then conducted using analogue 113n to determine if it follows the schwarzinicine A mechanism of action or operates through additional pathways. The results suggest that 113n, like schwarzinicine A, induces vasorelaxation via Ca2+ channel modulation. Additionally, the four-step synthetic route to schwarzinicine A was also optimized and scaled up, with the overall percentage yield improved by 4.9-fold and the total reaction time shortened by 27 hours compared to the published method. This allows large quantities of schwarzinicine A to be produced in a cost- and time-efficient manner for future in vivo studies. These efforts have greatly enhanced knowledge surrounding schwarzinicine A and its analogues, which will ideally contribute to the production of an antihypertensive agent that can effectively manage resistant hypertension
Investigation of 3D-printed micro- and nanostructured surfaces fabricated via two-photon polymerisation for antibacterial and antibiofouling performance
No full textBacterial surface colonisation has significant implications for the spread of infections in healthcare, industrial, and agricultural settings, often causing serious health problems and economic losses. Despite the widespread use of chemical-based antimicrobial surface coatings, such as antibiotics, metal derivatives, and polyammonium salts, bacterial infections continue to rise. These chemistry-based strategies face significant limitations, particularly the escalating problem of antimicrobial resistance and the ability of bacteria to form resilient biofilms that diminish the effectiveness of chemical agents. Concerns about potential cytotoxicity and environmental leaching of chemicals further challenge the long-term viability of such approaches. Consequently, there is an urgent need for alternative, chemistry-independent antibacterial strategies.
Structural features found on the surfaces of certain living organisms, such as shark skin, plant leaves, and insect wings, exhibit antibiofouling, self-cleaning, and bactericidal activities due to the presence of micro- and nanostructured topographies, which provide mechano-antibacterial action through the physical deterrence or damage of surface-adherent bacterial cells. However, the specific contribution of individual geometrical factors, including height, shape, spacing, aspect ratio, and pattern arrangement, to mechano-antibacterial activity remains unclear, as natural surfaces exhibit inherent structural variability that prevents independent control of these parameters. Similarly, the biomimetic surfaces produced using conventional fabrication techniques lack the precision, uniformity and dimensional control needed to isolate and systematically investigate how these geometrical parameters influence antibacterial activity.
Additive manufacturing has made significant progress in recent years by enabling the precise and efficient production of intricate geometries that are difficult to achieve with conventional manufacturing methods. Specifically, the two-photon polymerisation (2PP) additive manufacturing technique stands out for its ability to fabricate arbitrarily complex three-dimensional structures with sub-micrometre resolution. In this work, the 2PP technique was optimised through systematic tuning of key printing parameters, including the laser power, exposure time, hatching and slicing distances, point distances, and interface settings, to precisely produce hexagonally arranged micro- and nanostructures with controlled variations in height, spacing, and wall surface texture. These refinements ensured consistent feature fidelity across all printed designs, enabling systematic investigation of the influence of structural geometry on antibacterial responses. The bactericidal properties of the nanopillars and the antibiofouling properties of the micropillars were evaluated against pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
The fabricated nanopillars exhibited spacing-dependent bactericidal activity, causing bacterial membrane deformation and rupture. Those with 800 nm centre-to-centre spacing exhibited the highest percentage (57.5 ± 8.5%) of surface-adherent dead cell count. Whole transcriptome analysis showed activation of stress-related signalling PA3305.1 pathways in bacteria exposed to the nanopillared surface. Despite showing pronounced bactericidal activity, the total number of adherent cells (both live and dead) was also noticeably high on this surface, suggesting that dead cell remnants may facilitate the attachment of incoming cells, promote biofilm development and compromise the nanopillars’ long-term bactericidal efficacy under dense bacterial colonisation.
Micropillars (with 5 µm centre-to-centre spacings), in contrast, significantly reduced biofilm formation by up to 61.2 ± 6.86 % in comparison to the flat surface. However, some cells managed to evade the micropillar barrier and settled around the bases of the pillars, where they remained intact with no visible cell deformation as observed in the scanning electron micrograph.
These hexagonally arranged nano- and micropillars primarily induced a spacing-dependent response in pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa, affecting cell viability, adhesion and biofilm formation. However, each surface scale poses its own limitations. Therefore, the nanopillars were integrated into a micropillar design to create dual-scale topographies, aiming to achieve a complementary combination of bactericidal and antibiofouling properties that reduce surface-adherent cells and prevent colonised cells from proliferating and maturing into biofilms. Biological analysis through crystal violet biofilm assay, morphological, and cell viability analysis of the dual-scale topographies demonstrated notable improvements in antibacterial performance, with a significantly higher reduction (73.5 ± 3.24%) in biofilm and 4.5-fold lower cell density on the surface compared to the single-scale microtopographies. The proportion of membrane-damaged cells was substantially higher on the dual-scale surface compared to the flat surface. The observed phenomenon is likely due to the complementary effect of the underlying nanopillars, which damage cells that manage to evade the initial micropillar barrier and hinder the proliferation of adherent cells.
Overall, this work establishes 2PP as a versatile and precise fabrication technique for creating next-generation antibacterial surfaces with tunable micro- and nanoscale geometries that inhibit bacterial proliferation and subsequent biofilm formation without relying on chemical agents. These findings contribute to the ongoing efforts in combating antimicrobial resistance and promote global health, offering a promising strategy for implementation in biomedical devices and other high-touch surfaces to impede bacterial colonisation and minimise the risk of bacterial infections
Heat transfer and fluid flow analysis in double-tube heat exchangers with novel self-join winglet vortex generators
No full textHeat exchangers are crucial in industrial applications, as improving their working performance can significantly reduce carbon emissions and promote economic development. The improvement of heat exchangers can be achieved through heat transfer enhancement technologies, which aim to optimize heat transfer or minimize flow resistance. Among various enhancement techniques, winglets can induce multi-longitudinal vortices to improve heat transfer under lower pressure drop conditions. However, previous studies pay less attention to the variation of vortex interaction. Furthermore, unlike the tube side, the shell side has two walls that influence fluid flow and vortex interactions. Therefore, a novel self-join winglet vortex generator is proposed to investigate the variation mechanism of vortex interactions on both the tube and shell sides. In this work, ANSYS Fluent software is used to conduct a steady simulation of the effect of winglet structure and arrangement on the variation of vortex structures. Meanwhile, experimental studies of thermal performance are conducted to verify the reliability of numerical models and to summarize the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics. Results indicate that boundary vortices contribute to enhance mixing uniformity of fluid flows. Furthermore, the dissipation intensity of boundary vortices increases with increasing included angles. As the curved ratio increases, the disturbance distribution in the high-speed region shifts toward the boundary layer, because the variation of curved ratio adjusts the region of vortex development. Due to wall limitations, the movement distance of boundary vortices increases. Compared with plain tubes, the Nusselt number increases by 1.90-2.32 times and 1.40-2.20 times in circular and annular tubes, respectively, while the friction factor increases by 2.23-5.10 times and 2.64-3.91 times in circular and annular tubes, respectively. The maximum thermal enhancement factor reaches 1.63 and 1.52 in the circular and annular tube, respectively. The novel winglet exhibits significant improvement in heat transfer and flow structure. These findings provide valuable guidance for the efficient application of novel winglet vortex generators in heat exchangers, thereby providing strategies to enhance working performance and improve flow fields on both tube and shell sides
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