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Preparation, Characterization, Solubility, and Antioxidant Capacity of Ellagic Acid-Urea Complex
Get PDFEllagic acid (EA), a natural polyphenol found in berries, has high antioxidant capacity. This study aimed to improve EA solubility by complex formation with urea (UR) using solvent evaporation method and evaluate its solubility, antioxidant capacity, and physical properties. The solubility test (25 °C, 72 h) showed that the solubility of EVP (EA/UR = 1/1) was approximately two-fold higher than that of EA (7.13 µg/mL versus 3.99 µg/mL). Moreover, the IC50 values of EA and EVP (EA/UR = 1/1) (1.50 µg/mL and 1.30 µg/mL, respectively) showed higher antioxidant capacity of EVP than that of EA. DSC analysis revealed that the UR peak at 134 °C disappeared, and a new endothermic peak was observed at approximately 250 °C for EVP (EA/UR = 1/1). PXRD measurements showed that the characteristic peaks of EA at 2θ = 12.0° and 28.0° and of UR at 2θ = 22.0°, 24.3°, and 29.1° disappeared and that new peaks were identified at 2θ = 10.6°, 18.7°, and 26.8° for EVP (EA/UR = 1/1). According to 2D NOESY NMR spectroscopy, cross-peaks were observed between the -NH and -OH groups, suggesting intermolecular interactions between EA and UR. Therefore, complexation was confirmed in EA/UR = 1/1 prepared by solvent evaporation, suggesting that it contributed to the improvement in solubility and antioxidant capacity of EA.Article No.2836 This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cite
Understanding the Nature and Strength of Noncovalent Face-to-Face Arene-Fullerene Interactions
Get PDFFace-to-face noncovalent arene−fullerene interactions are important in several research fields such as synthetic chemistry, materials chemistry, and medicinal chemistry; however, their nature and strength are still poorly understood. In this study, we prepare a fullerene-based torsion balance containing thioanisole, phenol, naphthalene, azulene, and pyrene moieties as a unimolecular model system. Moreover, we compare the folding free energies between the folded and the unfolded conformers of a series of the molecular torsion balances to quantify noncovalent interactions between arenes and the fullerene surface. This work demonstrates that the contributions of polarizabilities, anionic charges, electronic dipole moments, and the number of arene rings to the interactions can be experimentally measured by analyzing the folding equilibrium of the molecular torsion balances.Article number: e202212279 First published: 06 September 2022 Online: 18 October 202
Surnames and Gender Equality
Get PDF本稿では，同氏を合憲とする最高裁判所の判断を素材にして，ジェンダー平等が進まない日本社会の法的構造を考察する。婚姻にあたり当事者の一方が求められる改氏は，個人の尊重を謳う憲法13 条に違反しない。のみならず，相対的な平等権と合理的な区別を受け入れる平等原則をともに定める憲法14 条にも，それは違反しない。家族構成員に同一の氏を求める法制度の採用は，夫婦及び未成年の子を保護すると同時に規律もするという合理的理由に基づき，憲法24 条に適合する。性をもつ個人を性別に基づき形成される家族という集団に含めた上で，社会一般のより大きな集団の中でのジェンダー平等をはかっていく。このような難解な憲法解釈が模索されることになる。研究ノート / Research Note
Synthesis and antifungal activity of polycyclic pyridone derivatives with anti-hyphal and biofilm formation activity against Candida albicans
Get PDFThirty-five pyridone derivatives were synthesized, with derivatization conducted on polycyclic pyridone scaffolds, including cis- or trans-oxydecalin and other cyclic structures, by domino-Knoevenagel-electrocyclic reactions. The anti-fungal activities of the synthesized compounds were tested against Candida albicans. Ten compounds inhibited hyphal formation without inhibiting growth. Pyridones with anti-hyphal formation activity (4c, 6d, 12a and 12c) were tested for their ability to inhibit biofilm formation. Compound 6d showed both anti-hyphal and biofilm inhibition activity.Article No.12784
Effect of galactosylceramide on stratum corneum intercellular lipid synthesis in a three-dimensional cultured human epidermis model
Get PDFIntercellular lipids in the stratum corneum (SC), such as ceramide (CER), free fatty acid (FFA), and cholesterol (CHOL), contribute to the formation of stable lamellar structures in the SC, making them important for skin barrier function. β-Galactosylceramide (GalCer) is a glycosphingolipid that is used in some cosmetics and quasi-drugs in anticipation of a moisturizing effect. GalCer promotes keratinocyte differentiation and increases CER production by increasing β-glucocerebrosidase (β-GCase) activity. However, few reports have described the mechanism of these effects, and detailed studies on the role of GalCer in intercellular lipid production in the SC have not been conducted. This study investigated the effect of GalCer on the metabolism and production of intercellular lipids in the SC in a three-dimensional cultured epidermis model. After reacting GalCer with a homogenate solution of three-dimensional cultured epidermis, GalCer was hardly metabolized. Treatment of the three-dimensional cultured epidermis with GalCer increased the expression of genes involved in the β-GCase metabolic pathway and promoted CER production. In addition, GalCer treatment reduced the expression of FFA metabolism-related genes as well as palmitic acid levels. In addition, transepidermal water loss, which is a barrier index, was reduced by GalCer treatment. These findings suggested that GalCer, which is hardly metabolized, affects the production of intercellular lipids in the SC and improves skin barrier function.Article 10113
