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Characterization, solubility, and skin penetration of lidocaine through complexation with ascorbic acid 2-glucoside
Get PDFPurpose: Topical local anesthetics have become increasingly important with the recent development of laser therapy. Lidocaine, the most commonly used anesthetic in clinical practice, not only has analgesic effects but also possesses properties such as suppression of neonatal seizures and antiarrhythmic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal effects. This study aimed to improve the solubility and permeability of lidocaine (Lid) by preparing solid dispersions of Lid and ascorbic acid 2-glucoside (AG) and evaluating their physicochemical properties, solubility, and permeability.
Methods: Here, we evaluated the physicochemical properties and solubility of solid dispersions of Lid and AG prepared by freeze-drying (freeze-dried [FD] Lid/SSA = 1/1).
Results: For Differential scanning calorimetry measurements revealed the disappearance of the endothermic peaks associated with the melting of Lid and AG in the freeze-dried formulation (FD) (Lid/AG = 1/1), with the emergence of a new glass transition point. Powder X-ray diffraction measurements confirmed the absence of the characteristic peaks of both Lid and AG in the FD (Lid/AG = 1/1), showing a halo pattern. Near-infrared measurements indicated peak shifts and broadening of the -CH and -NH groups of Lid and the -OH and -CH groups of AG in the FD (Lid/AG = 1/1), suggesting the involvement of complex formation. Solubility tests revealed that the solubility of FD (Lid/AG = 1/1) was approximately 220 mg/mL, which is approximately 50 times higher than that of Lid (approximately 4.0 mg/mL). Nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements revealed cross-peaks between the -CH groups of Lid and the -OH groups of AG, suggesting intermolecular interactions via hydrogen bonding. Diffusion-ordered spectroscopy NMR measurements showed that the diffusion coefficients of Lid and AG in the FD (Lid/AG = 1/1) converged, indicating that the formation of a complex with AG altered the dispersion behavior of Lid in the solvent. In the silicon membrane permeability test, the cumulative amount permeated after 24 h was approximately 700 µg/cm2 for Lid, compared to approximately 4.0 µg/cm2 for FD (Lid/AG = 1/1), suggesting that membrane permeability was inhibited.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that complex formation occurred in FD Lid/ AG; this enhanced the solubility, membrane permeability was inhibited of this dispersion.Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Inhibitory effect of [6]-shogaol against 3CLpro activity and SARS-CoV-2 infection
Get PDFBackground: Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger) has been traditionally used not only as a culinary ingredient, but also for its medicinal properties. In Japan, ginger-derived crude drugs are categorized into dried ginger (Zingiberis Rhizoma [ZR]) or steamed ginger (Zingiberis Rhizoma processum [ZR-P]). Heating ginger converts gingerol, the primary component of ZR, into shogaol. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of ginger and its constituents on SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Methods: We assessed the inhibitory effects of ZR, ZR-P, [6]-gingerol, and [6]-shogaol on SARS-CoV-2 infection in VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells. To understand the molecular mechanism underlying this inhibitory effect, we evaluated the activity of [6]-shogaol against the viral proteases 3 C-like protease (3CLpro) and papain-like protease (PLpro).
Results: We observed that ZR-P (66.1% suppression at 50 µg/ml) and [6]-shogaol (70.0% suppression at 25 µM) exhibited significant inhibitory effects against SARS-CoV-2 infection. We found that [6]-shogaol effectively inhibited 3CLpro activities both in vitro (20.4% inhibition at 40 µM) and in FlipGFP reporter system (19.7% inhibition at 25 µM).
Conclusions: This study highlights [6]-shogaol and ZR-P as promising natural inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2, providing new insights into the pharmacological potential of traditional ginger preparations and their active components against COVID-19.Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the
licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creati
vecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
リガクブ カガク セイメイカガクカ ニヨル ショウガクセイ ノ ダイガク タンケン シエン
No full text分子分光学研究室 教授：森田勇人 学生：石井貴大、前川百合、森修平 機能性材料分析研究室 教授：阪田知巳 学生：後藤明、尾城莉緒、福田愉
The Role of Mutual Aid in Business: Addressing Local Challenges Through Collaboration
Get PDF共助社会とは、自助や公助で解決できない問題を、地域の人々や団体が支え合う社会のことである。共助社会の必要性は、経済成長の持続性や安定性を確保するためにも重要な要素である。例えば、内閣府の報告では、今後日本における危機感の共有と地域に応じた具体的な取り組みが求められていると強調され、互いに支え合う精神が日本経済の成長には欠かせないと述べられている。今後は、共助社会においても、ビジネスは重要な役割を果たすこととなる。単なるボランティア活動にとどまらず、ビジネスの手法を通じて社会課題を解決し、地域コミュニティの再生を図ることを可能にしていく。共助で取り組むビジネスの形は、地域住民が主体となり、地域資源を活用することで、持続可能な地域社会を築く鍵となる存在といえる。共助社会を支えるためには、さまざまな主体が協力し合い、共に課題を解決していくことが必要であるといえる。This paper examines the role of mutual aid societies in addressing issues within local communities. A mutual aid society is a system in which individuals and organizations collaborate to solve problems that cannot be resolved through self-help or public assistance alone. These societies also contribute to the sustainability and stability of economic growth. A report by the Japanese government's Cabinet Office highlights the importance of fostering a shared sense of crisis and implementing initiatives tailored to local needs. It emphasizes that mutual support is a critical element for the growth of the Japanese economy. Businesses also play an important role in the mutual aid organizational model by addressing social problems and revitalizing local areas through the creation of new entrepreneurial opportunities and innovation. Successful businesses operating under this model are essential for building sustainable local communities, where residents take the initiative and leverage local resources effectively. To address local challenges, it is crucial for various stakeholders to collaborate and develop avenues for mutual support.論文 / Article
ジョウサイ ダイガク ケイザイ ケイエイ キヨウ ダイ43カン ツウカン ダイ48 ゴウ ヒョウシ モクジ ヒョウダイシ トウコウ ヨウリョウ シッピツシャ ショウカイ ヘンシュウ イイン オクヅケ Contents
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A practical study of expressive dance classes in intensive courses at teacher training universities
Get PDFダンスのジャンルが多様化し，ダンス経験者が増加傾向にある中，いまだに身体で表現することに抵抗がある学生は少なくない。「苦手」意識を軽減するためには，表現することの楽しさをまずは教員を目指す学生本人が知ることが大事である。ダンス＝体現する楽しさであったり，仲間と作品を創り上げる楽しさを経験することで，苦手であるという意識に変化が見られるかを調査し，報告する。教育実践研究 / Educational Practice Researche