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Effect of iontophoresis on the intradermal migration rate of medium molecular weight drugs
Get PDFThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether iontophoresis (IP) accelerates the intradermal migration rate of medium molecular weight drugs. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (PSA) and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD) were used as model medium molecular weight acidic and non-electrolyte drugs, respectively. Low molecular weight acid and non-electrolyte drugs were also used for comparison. Drug-loaded excised split-layered skin (SL skin) was used in the experiment. SL skin was prepared using (i) whole skin was split once, (ii) the drug solution was applied on the lower skin, and (iii) the upper skin was layered onto the lower skin containing the drug solution as in the original skin. The effect of constant-current cathodal or anodal IP was applied to the SL skin, and the time course of the cumulative amount of drug migration from the SL skin through the dermis to the receiver was followed. In cases without IP and with anodal IP, the intradermal migration rates of medium molecular weight drugs were much lower than those of small molecules. The driving force for drug migration was thought to be simple diffusion through the skin layer. In contrast, cathodal IP significantly increased the intradermal migration rate of PSA not but of FD or low molecular weight drugs. This IP-facilitated migration of PSA was probably due to electrorepulsion. These results suggest that IP can be used to increase the intradermal migration of medium molecular weight charged drugs
An Essay on Hometown Tax Payment
Get PDFふるさと納税に関しては，地域振興策の視点から推奨されるべきであるという議論と地方財政の視点から制度を再考すべきであるという議論がある。本稿では，まず，地域振興策の視点から，クラウドファンディングによる外部からの資金調達，創発的ビジネスモデル，マーケティングの議論を取り上げ，論点を整理する。次に，地方財政の視点からの議論を取り上げ，論点を整理する。最後に，両方の議論から考察を行い，ふるさと納税の制度のあり方や研究の方向性についてまとめてみた。災害地域の応援への拡張と税制上の優遇策，ワンストップ制度の導入による使いやすい仕組みが認知され，拡大を続けてきたふるさと納税であるが，原点に戻って制度を見直す必要がある。寄附税制を利用したふるさと納税については，地域活性化の手段として活用するならば，「ふるさと」を外し，「地域応援」に関する形で，税制上の優遇を寄附の一般控除と同じになる形で運用するのが望ましい。今後は，城西大学と連携協定を結んでいる自治体や組織についてふるさと納税や寄附を利用した地域活性化についての課題に関して研究することとしたい。Regarding hometown tax payment, there is an argument that it should be recommended from the viewpoint of regional promotion measures and that the system should be reconsidered from the viewpoint of local tax and tax finance. In this paper, first, from the perspective of regional promotion measures, we will take up discussions on external financing through crowdfunding, emergent business models, and marketing, and sort out the issues. Next, we will take up the discussion from the perspective of local finance and sort out the issues. Finally, I considered from both discussions and summarized the ideal hometown tax payment system and the direction of research.The hometown tax payment has continued to expand due to the recognition of the expansion to support disaster areas, tax incentives, and the introduction of a one-stop system, which makes it easy to use, but it is necessary to return to the starting point and review the system. Regarding hometown tax payment using the donation tax system, if it is used as a means of regional revitalization, the tax incentive will be the same as the general deduction for donations by removing “hometown” and related to “community support”. It is desirable to operate in. I would like to study the issues related to hometown tax payment for local governments and organizations that have a partnership agreement with Josai University.研究ノー
Characterization of Soluplus/ASC-DP Nanoparticles Encapsulated with Minoxidil for Skin Targeting
Get PDFSoluplus (Sol) is an amphiphilic graft copolymer capable of forming self-assembled micelles and L-ascorbyl 2,6-dipalmitate (ASC-DP) aggregates spontaneously to form micelles. Micelles are used as drug carriers and can nanoparticulate drugs that are poorly soluble in water, such as minoxidil. The study aimed to prepare minoxidil-encapsulated nanoparticles using Sol/ASC-DP and evaluate their potential for targeted skin application. Sol/ASC-DP nanoparticles or Sol/ASC-DP with minoxidil were prepared using the hydration method, and physical evaluations were carried out, including assessments of particle size and zeta potential. Particle structure was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra to assess particle stability and perform functional evaluations in skin penetration tests. TEM images showed spherical micelle-like particles of approximately 100 nm for Sol/ASC-DP at a 9:1 ratio and of approximately 80 nm for Sol/ASC-DP with incorporated minoxidil at a 9:1:0.5 ratio. Changes were also observed in the solid state, suggesting a hydrophobic interaction between Sol and ASC-DP. In addition, evaporated microparticles (Sol/ASC-DP/minoxidil = 9/1/0.5) improved the skin permeability of minoxidil. These results suggest that Sol/ASC-DP nanoparticles form a stable new nanoparticle due to hydrophobic interactions, which would improve the skin permeability of minoxidil.Article number: 44 This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Improvement of Skin Permeation of Caffeine, a Hydrophilic Drug, by the Application of Water Droplets Provided by a Novel Humidifier Device
Get PDFRecently, a novel humidifier that sprays water fine droplets equipped with a copolymer, poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)–poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) was developed. PEDOT/PSS in the humidifier absorbs water from the environment and releases fine water droplets by heating. In the present study, the effect of hydration on the skin barrier, stratum corneum, was first determined by the application of fine water droplets using the humidifier. The skin-penetration enhancement effect of a model hydrophilic drug, caffeine, was also investigated using the humidifier and compared with a conventional water-evaporative humidifier. More prolonged skin hydration effect was observed after application of the fine water droplet release humidifier using PEDOT/PSS than that using a conventional humidifier. In addition, markedly higher skin permeation of caffeine was observed in both infinite and finite dose conditions. Furthermore, higher skin permeation of caffeine from oil/water emulsion containing caffeine was observed in finite dose conditions by pretreatment with the humidifier using PEDOT/PSS. This device can provide water droplets without replenishing water, so it is more convenient for enhancing the skin permeation of chemical compounds from topical drugs and cosmetic formulations
Effect of Rubbing Application on the Skin Permeation of Active Ingredients from Lotion and Cream
Get PDFEffect of rubbing application on the skin permeation of a hydrophilic drug caffeine (CAF) and lipophilic drug rhododendrol (RD) from lotion and cream were investigated. Skin permeation of CAF was markedly
increased by rubbing action independent of the formulation type. In addition, the skin penetration-enhancement effect was affected by the rubbing direction: rubbing application against the direction of hair growth showed the highest permeation compared with rubbing applications along the direction of hair growth and in a circular pattern on the skin. On the other hand, no enhancement effect was observed by the rubbing actions on the skin permeation of RD, regardless of formulation type. Change in the infundibula orifice size of hair follicles by the rubbing and following skin stretching may be related to the higher skin permeation for CAF. In contrast, high RD distribution into the stratum corneum may be a reason why no enhancement effect was observed by the rubbing action. These results can be helpful to predict safety and effectiveness of topically applied formulations
ダイ7カイ ジョウサイ ゲンダイセイサク ケンキュウカイ ゴアンナイ チラシ
Get PDF日時：2021年6月18日(金）16：50～18：10 会場：Zoom会議 発表者：飯塚 智規 テーマ：「地区防災計画の策定・普及に関する現状と課題」 司会者：市川 直
スズキ スイホウ ショテン ポスター
Get PDF開催日 ： 2021年1月8日（金）～2月10日（水） 開館時間 ： 午前9時30分～午後4時30分 休館日 ： 土曜日、日曜日、祝日、1日15日（金） ※ただし、1月23日（土）は関連イベントのため開館 観覧料 ： 無料 会場 ： ギャラリー1 ※会期中、一部展示替えをします