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RANCANGAN SISTEM PENGERING IKAN BERBASIS IOT DENGAN PEMANAS ALTERNATIF
Full text linkFish drying is a technique in fish processing by reducing the water content in fish meat to inhibit the growth of microorganisms and extend the shelf life of the fish. Sunlight dependent, this process faces challenges in bad weather. This study develops a household scale IoT-based fish drying system with real-time temperature and humidity monitoring, utilizing incandescent and infrared lamps as alternative heat sources. It also evaluates the effectiveness of these heat sources in drying fish.The research was conducted in Balikpapan, focusing in Manggar Main Market area. The research methods included literature studies, observations, prototypes, and interviews with small business operators to select fish samples used in this study, namely tembang fish (Sardinella sp.) and scad (Decapterus spp.).The results show that infrared heaters reduce water content more effectively than incandescent lamp, which is around 66.7%, versus 57.1% for tembang fish and around 46.1% versus 38.4% for scad. The IoT-based monitoring system successfully displayed real time sensors measurement data on the website.The conclusion infrared heaters outperformed incandescent lamps in drying fish and the IoT-based monitoring system works effectively.Pengeringan ikan merupakan teknik dalam pengolahan ikan dengan mengurangi kadar air dalam daging ikan untuk menghambat pertumbuhan mikroorganisme dan memperpanjang umur simpan ikan. Bergantung pada sinar matahari, proses ini menghadapi tantangan dalam cuaca buruk. Studi ini mengembangkan sistem pengeringan ikan berbasis IoT skala rumah tangga dengan pemantauan suhu dan kelembaban real-time, memanfaatkan lampu pijar dan inframerah sebagai sumber panas alternatif. Studi ini juga mengevaluasi tingkat efektivitas sumber panas tersebut dalam mengeringkan ikan.Penelitian dilakukan di Balikpapan, dengan fokus di area Pasar Utama Manggar. Metode penelitian meliputi studi pustaka, observasi, prototipe, dan wawancara dengan pelaku usaha kecil untuk memilih sampel ikan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu ikan tembang (Sardinella sp.) dan ikan layang (Decapterus spp.).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanas inframerah mengurangi kadar air lebih efektif daripada lampu pijar, yaitu sekitar 66,7%, dibandingkan dengan 57,1% untuk ikan tembang dan sekitar 46,1% berbanding 38,4% untuk ikan layang. Sistem pemantauan berbasis IoT berhasil menampilkan data pengukuran sensor secara real time di situs web. Kesimpulan pemanas inframerah lebih unggul dari lampu pijar dalam mengeringkan ikan dan sistem pemantauan berbasis IoT bekerja secara efektif
ANALISIS KARAKTERISTIK MINYAK TERHADAP TEGANGAN TEMBUS TIGA JENIS MINYAK SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF MINYAK ISOLASI TRANSFORMATOR
Full text linkThis research seeks to assess the influence of viscosity and moisture content on the breakdown voltage of canola oil, corn oil, and sunflower seed oil, as well as to evaluate the quality and properties of these oils as potential alternative liquid insulations for transformers. Transformer liquid insulation specifications according to SPLN 50-1982 and IEC 60247:1991 standards include a breakdown voltage of 30 kV/2.5 mm, a maximum moisture content of 30 ppm or 0.003%, and a kinematic viscosity of 40 cSt at 20°C. During the assessment of moisture content and viscosity, two oil conditions are examined: fresh oil and old oil after the breakdown voltage test. The test data indicates that moisture content and viscosity influence breakdown voltage. Specifically, canola oil, with a moisture content of 0.17% and a viscosity of 28 cSt, exhibits a breakdown voltage of 20.5 kV/2.5 mm; corn oil, with a moisture content of 0.11% and a viscosity of 27 cSt, demonstrates a breakdown voltage of 25.3 kV/2.5 mm; sunflower seed oil, with a moisture content of 0.12% and a viscosity of 26 cSt, shows a breakdown voltage of 21.5 kV/2.5 mm. Nevertheless, the test findings indicate that the breakdown voltage fails to comply with the transformer insulating oil requirement.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai pengaruh viskositas dan kandungan air terhadap tegangan tembus dari minyak kanola, minyak jagung, dan minyak biji bunga matahari, serta untuk mengevaluasi kualitas dan sifat-sifat minyak ini sebagai alternatif isolasi cair potensial untuk transformator. Spesifikasi isolasi cair transformator menurut standar SPLN 50-1982 dan IEC 60247:1991 mencakup tegangan putus 30 kV/2,5 mm, kandungan kelembapan maksimum 30 ppm atau 0,003%, dan viskositas kinematik 40 cSt pada 20°C. Selama penilaian kandungan kelembapan dan viskositas, dua kondisi minyak diperiksa: minyak segar dan minyak tua setelah uji tegangan putus. Data uji menunjukkan bahwa kandungan air dan viskositas mempengaruhi tegangan putus. Secara spesifik, minyak kanola, dengan kandungan air sebesar 0,17% dan viskositas 28 cSt, menunjukkan tegangan putus sebesar 20,5 kV/2,5 mm; minyak jagung, dengan kandungan air sebesar 0,11% dan viskositas 27 cSt, menunjukkan tegangan putus sebesar 25,3 kV/2,5 mm; minyak biji bunga matahari, dengan kandungan air sebesar 0,12% dan viskositas 26 cSt, menunjukkan tegangan putus sebesar 21,5 kV/2,5 mm. Namun demikian, hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa tegangan tembus tidak memenuhi persyaratan minyak isolasi transformator
KAJI EKSPERIMENTAL KINERJA TURBIN ULIR ARCHIMEDES BERDASARKAN SUDUT KEMIRINGAN POROS TURBIN
Full text linkThis study aims to evaluate the effect of variations in the shaft inclination angle, namely 22°, 24°, 26°, 28°, and 30° on the performance of the Archimedes screw turbine with the experimental method carried out using a half-scale turbine model with a constant discharge of 0.0014 m³/s and an increase in torque (1-4 Nm). The parameters analyzed include rotational speed (RPM), output power, and efficiency at each torque level (1–4 Nm). The results show that the maximum efficiency of 61.81% is achieved at an angle of 22° with a torque of 3 Nm. Although the 30° angle produces higher output power, its efficiency is lower due to the larger head value (0.58 m compared to 0.435 m at 22°), which increases input power but is not offset by a comparable increase in output. In addition, at steeper angles, there is an increase in leakage and overflow due to less-than-optimal screw filling. This study concludes that the combination of 22° angle and 3 Nm torque is the most efficient configuration for a small-scale screw turbine system. This study can serve as a reference for designing a micro-hydro power generation system based on a screw turbine.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh variasi sudut kemiringan poros, yaitu 22°, 24°, 26°, 28°, dan 30° terhadap kinerja turbin ulir Archimedes dengan metode eksperimen yang dilakukan menggunakan model turbin setengah skala dengan debit konstan 0,0014 m³/s dan peningkatan torsi (1-4 Nm). Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi kecepatan putar (RPM), daya keluaran, dan efisiensi pada setiap tingkat torsi (1–4 Nm). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi maksimum sebesar 61,81% dicapai pada sudut 22° dengan torsi 3 Nm. Meskipun sudut 30° menghasilkan daya keluaran yang lebih tinggi, efisiensinya lebih rendah karena nilai head yang lebih besar (0,58 m dibandingkan dengan 0,435 m pada 22°), yang meningkatkan daya masukan tetapi tidak diimbangi dengan peningkatan keluaran yang sebanding. Selain itu, pada sudut yang lebih curam, terjadi peningkatan kebocoran dan luapan akibat pengisian ulir yang kurang optimal. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa kombinasi sudut 22° dan torsi 3 Nm merupakan konfigurasi paling efisien untuk sistem turbin ulir skala kecil. Studi ini dapat menjadi referensi untuk merancang sistem pembangkit listrik tenaga mikrohidro berbasis turbin ulir
ANALISIS STARTING MOTOR INDUKSI PADA BALL MILL PLANT DENGAN LIQUID RESISTANCE STARTER DI PT CITRA PALU MINERALS
Full text linkThe 3700 kW induction motor at the Ball Mill Plant at PT Citra Palu Minerals requires an effective starting method to prevent current surges and voltage drops during initial operation. This study aims to analyze the starting performance of induction motors using three starting methods, namely Liquid Resistance Starter (LRS), Direct On Line (DOL), and Wye-Delta. The analysis is carried out by mathematical calculations through the induction motor equivalent circuit to obtain the starting current, starting torque, starting power and starting voltage values of each starting method. The calculation results show that the LRS method produces a starting current of 421.47 A, a starting torque of 42,259.84 Nm, a starting power of 4,423.19 kW and a starting voltage of 6,374.40 V. Compared to DOL and Wye Delta, the LRS method provides better performance in terms of limiting current and maintaining voltage stability, and is able to produce higher torque and power. The calculation of the LRS method also shows conformity with the actual data in the field, so that the model used can be used as a technical reference. Based on the analysis results, the LRS method is considered the most suitable for starting high power induction motors in heavy-load applications such as Ball Mill Plant.Motor induksi 3700 kW pada Ball Mill Plant di PT Citra Palu Minerals membutuhkan metode starting yang efektif untuk mencegah lonjakan arus dan penurunan tegangan saat awal pengoperasian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja starting motor induksi menggunakan tiga metode pengasutan, yaitu Liquid Resistance Starter (LRS), Direct On Line (DOL), dan Wye-Delta. Analisis dilakukan dengan perhitungan secara matematis melalui rangkaian ekivalen motor induksi untuk memperoleh nilai arus starting, torsi starting, daya starting dan tegangan starting dari masing-masing metode pengasutan. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa metode LRS menghasilkan arus starting sebesar 421,47 A, torsi starting 42.259,84 Nm, daya starting 4.423,19 kW dan tegangan starting 6.374,40 V. Dibandingkan dengan DOL dan Wye- Delta, metode LRS memberikan kinerja yang lebih baik dalam hal membatasi arus dan menjaga kestabilan tegangan, serta mampu menghasilkan torsi dan daya yang lebih tinggi. Perhitungan metode LRS juga menunjukkan kesesuaian dengan data aktualnya di lapangan, sehingga model yang digunakan dapat dijadikan acuan teknis. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, metode LRS dinilai paling cocok untuk pengasutan motor induksi berdaya besar pada aplikasi beban berat seperti Ball Mill Plant
DESAIN TUNING PID MENGGUNAKAN DIFFERENTIAL EVOLUTION (DE) UNTUK SISTEM PENGATURAN SUHU PADA INKUBATOR
Full text linkThe temperature in the room is very dependent on the temperature outside the room. If the temperature outside is unstable, the impact will be reflected on the temperature instability in the room. This creates challenges in controlling room temperature that require a level of consistency, such as in a baby incubator machine, oven, or egg hatcher. Thus, a temperature regulation strategy is needed to overcome disturbances arising from external temperature fluctuations. This research proposes a solution through the use of innovative control methods, namely by making conventional PID control and PID Disturbance Observer. The value of the PID constant will use the Differential Evaluation (DE) method. Both will be tested on an incubator system through simulations at MATLAB2014a with performance index criteria in the form of ITAE. Interference will be introduced into the system by magnifying the temperature difference between inside and outside the incubator so that heat transfer occurs which will affect the temperature inside the incubator. The results showed that the ITAE value of the Distubance Observer PID control was 0.035, while the ITAE of conventional PID control was 0.242. This shows that the PID Disturbance Observer control is an effective control in controlling the temperature inside the incubator and maintaining that temperature from outside interference
ANALISIS KEANDALAN, KOORDINASI PROTEKSI. RELAY STANDBY EARTH FAULT (SBEF), SAAT TERJADI FAULT PADA GARDU INDUK MAROS
Full text linkThe need for the use of electric power in modern times has experienced many developments in the field of technology, which of course has an effect on the amount of electricity consumed in society. Along with the rapid demand for electricity in Indonesia. The reliability of the electric power system is key to meeting the community's needs for electrical energy. This is due to the increasing number of human activities that require electrical energy.
This study aims to analyze the reliability of protection coordination, working principles, security, and SBEF relay simulation when a fault occurs at the Maros substation. The method of data collection and direct observation in the field was carried out precisely at the Maros 150 kV Substation, the Maros Transmission and Substation Service Unit (ULTG).
The results of the study, namely the reliability of the SBEF relay protection coordination when a fault occurs at the Maros substation, show that the first relay to work is the OCR GFR on the feeder side because, based on the working current settings and working time, if given a fault current of 3021 A, it will work after 426 ms, followed by the incoming side GFR OCR relay, SBEF stage 1 Fault percentage = 0075% so that it has a reliability percentage of 100%. The working principle and safeguards carried out on the SBEF relay when a fault occurs at the Maros substation and the data recap of the Maros ULTG fault can be seen by comparing the frequency of faults that cause the transformer to go out before and after the implementation of the two-stage SBEF relay function and the frequency of faults that cause the transformer to go out at ULTG Maros in 2019 as many as 1times and in 2020 as many as 0 times. The simulation on SBEF when a fault occurs at the Maros substation on the transformer uses the ETAP 19.0.1 application; the first time it works is GFR
IMPLEMENTASI SENSOR FLEX PADA PENYANDANG DIFABEL MENGGUNAKAN DFPLAYER SEBAGAI INFORMASI AUDIO
Full text linkSign language is a form of language that can be learned which prioritizes communication with body language, facial expressions, and some non-sounds. This sign language is widely used by the deaf and mute. However, there is still a lack of institutions teaching sign language, books on sign language, and a tool for learning sign language. This study aims to design a hardware system that can translate sign language and output in the form of audio and display on the LCD. The stages of the research included designing the physical form of the device, testing the sensor flex, testing the MPU6050, testing the Nrf24l01, testing the Dfplayer, testing the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), and testing the overall device on the A-Z alphabet. The results showed that when the Flex sensor was not indented the average error was 1.23%, and when it was indented the average error was 2.01%. The delay time required in sending data using Nrf24l01 media for conditions without obstructions is 0 seconds with a distance of 1 meter, with a barrier of 9.84 seconds with a distance of 3 meters, at a distance of 3 meters the data cannot be sent.Bahasa isyarat merupakan salah satu bentuk bahasa yang biasa dipelajari yang mengutamakan komunikasi dengan bahasa tubuh, ekspresi muka, dan beberapa bukan suara, Bahasa isyarat ini banyak digunakan oleh kaum tuna wicara dan tuna rungu. Namun masih kurang lembaga yang mengajarkan bahasa isyarat, buku tentang bahasa isyarat, dan suatu alat untuk pembelajaran bahasa isyarat. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk merancang suatu sistem perangkat keras yang dapat menerjemahkan bahasa isyarat dan output berupa audio dan tampilan di LCD. Tahapan penelitian meliputi perancangan bentuk fisik alat, pengujian sensor flex, pengujian MPU6050, pengujian Nrf24l01, pengujian Dfplayer, pengujian Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), dan pengujian alat keseluruhan pada abjad A-Z. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sensor Flex saat tidak dilekukan rata-rata error sebesar 1,23%, dan pada saat dilekukan rata-rata error sebesar 2,01%. Waktu tunda yang diibutuhkan dalam pengiriman data menggunakan media Nrf24l01 untuk kondisi tanpa penghalang sebesar 0 detik dengan jarak 1 meter, dengan penghalang sebesar 9,84 detik dengan jarak 3 meter, pada jarak 3 meter data tidak bisa terkirim
PEMODELAN SOLAR TRACKER DENGAN PENGENDALI PI, PD, DAN PID MENGGUNAKAN MATLAB-SIMULINK DENGAN BEBAN BATERAI
Full text linkA solar tracker is a photovoltaic (PV) system support tool aimed at optimizing solar energy absorption by directing solar cells to follow the movement of the sun.In this research, a solar tracker for PV with battery load model was created using MATLAB-Simulink with each controller, namely Proportional Integral (PI), Proportional Derivative (PD) and Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) and the simulation results were compared. The simulation results show that the PID controller is the controller with the most optimal results because all set point values entered in the output remain the same and the overshoot value is also low, the PD controller is the controller that produces high errors and also overshot reaching 120 V, and the PI controller is the controller that the results are closest to a PID controller where the resulting overshoot value is only around 20%.Solar Tracker merupakan alat pendukung sistem fotovoltaik (PV) yang bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan penyerapan energi matahari dengan mengarahkan sel surya mengikuti pergerakan matahari. Pada penelitian ini dibuat solar tracking untuk PV dengan model beban baterai menggunakan MATLAB-Simulink dengan masing-masing pengontrol yaitu Proportional Integral (PI), Proportional Derivative (PD) dan Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) dan hasil simulasinya dibandingkan. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa pengontrol PID merupakan pengontrol dengan hasil paling optimal karena semua nilai set point yang dimasukkan pada output tetap sama dan nilai overshootnya juga rendah, pengontrol PD merupakan pengontrol yang menghasilkan error yang tinggi dan juga mencapai overshot. 120 V, dan pengontrol PI merupakan pengontrol yang hasilnya paling mendekati dengan pengontrol PID dimana nilai overshoot yang dihasilkan hanya berkisar 20%
PENERAPAN SENSOR FLOAT MAGNETIC LEVEL GAUGE PADA SISTEM MONITORING LEVEL CAIRAN LIMBAH
Full text linkIn the industrial world, especially in the metal processing sector, in this case in the steel roll production process, the problem faced is that controlling the pump motor in the hydraulic room is still done manually so that the waste water reservoir in the hydraulic room overflows which causes the floor to be slippery and dangerous. .
By using the float magnetic level gauge method which consists of a reed switch as the main component to take height level readings. The neodymium magnet used in the buoy functions as a trigger to activate the reed switch when the buoy height reaches a certain level. The use of the voltage divider principle is to obtain variations in the sensor output voltage which is then converted into water level readings. The process of monitoring waste liquid levels uses LabVIEW software.
Research has been tested in one of the departments in the metal processing industrial area which obtained the results that the sensor readings correctly provide an output signal to the microcontroller which functions as a relay controller which activates the drain pump motor when it reaches full level. With a monitoring system, users can control the system via computer without having to go directly to the field to activate the pump motor manuallyPada dunia industri, khususnya pada bidang pengolahan logam, dalam hal ini pada proses produksi gulungan baja, masalah yang dihadapi adalah pengendalian motor pompa pada ruangan hidrolik masih dilakukan secara manual sehingga penampungan air limbah yang ada di ruangan hidrolik tersebut meluap yang menyebabkan lantai lincin dan berbahaya.
Dengan menggunakan metode float magnetic level gauge yang terdiri dari reed switch sebagai komponen utama untuk melakukan pembacaan level ketinggian. Magnet neodymium digunakan pada pelampung berfungsi sebagai trigger pengaktif reed switch ketika ketinggian pelampung mencapai level tertentu. Penggunaan prinsip pembagi tegangan adalah untuk medapat variasi tegangan keluaran sensor yang kemudian tegangan keluaran tersebut dikonversi menjadi pembacaan level air. Proses monitoring level cairan limbah menggunakan software labVIEW.
Penelitian telah diuji di salah satu departemen yang ada di kawasan industri pengolahan logam yang mendapatkan hasil bahwa pembacaan sensor benar memberikan sinyal keluaran kepada mikrokontroler yang berfungsi sebagai pengendali relay yang mengaktifkan motor pompa penguras ketika mencapai level penuh. Dengan adanya sistem monitoring, user dapat mengontrol sistem melalui komputer tanpa harus turun langsung ke lapangan untuk mengaktifkan motor pompa secara manual
SISTEM PERENCANAAN RUMAH CERDAS BERBASIS INTERNET OF THINGS
Full text linkThe Internet of Things concept is based on expanding the use and benefits of the internet by embedding controllers and sensors that can connect and share data continuously. A Smart Home prototype that can control door locks, lights and electrical pathways with easy control access. In this design, the device that will be used is an IoT-based controller, namely nodeMCU with connected actuators, namely servo motors, relays, and an IR sensor. The method used is to press a button on the web page and the system will respond to the request from the web page and convert it into an action, namely locking the door, or cutting off the electricity. To access it globally, by opening port forwarding on the router you can then access the web page of the smart home system prototype via the connected IP address so that the system can be controlled via the internet. With this system, it is hoped that users can increase time efficiency