JURNAL CITA HUKUM
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Online Privacy and Personal Data Protection: An Islamic Law Perspective
No full textThis article explores the intricate intersection of online privacy and personal data protection through the lens of Islamic law, shedding light on the ethical considerations that govern digital transactions. Grounded in Qur’anic principles, Sunnah, and classical Islamic jurisprudence, this study examines how Shari’ah law provides a comprehensive ethical framework for navigating the digital landscape while upholding timeless Islamic values. Key principles such as Ghibah (gossip and backbiting), Amanah (trustworthiness), and Sitr (respect for privacy) are analyzed to highlight their significance in regulating online interactions and data protection. Employing a doctrinal legal method and an inductive approach, the article explores online privacy from an Islamic perspective. It incorporates Qiyas (analogical reasoning) to address emerging challenges posed by rapid technological advancements. The study finds that the commitment to Amanah underscores the responsibility of individuals, organizations, and governments in safeguarding personal information. It emphasizes ethical considerations in the collection, processing, and usage of data, aligning digital practices with Islamic moral obligations. Moreover, the dynamic nature of Ijtihad (independent legal reasoning) allows Islamic jurisprudence to adapt to contemporary digital issues while preserving its foundational ethical principles. By synthesizing Islamic teachings with digital ethics, this article offers a robust framework for addressing modern privacy concerns. It contributes to the discourse on the harmonious coexistence of technological innovations and Islamic values, providing insights into how Shari’ah law can guide ethical digital conduct. Ultimately, this study reinforces the relevance of Islamic legal principles in shaping responsible and morally sound digital practices
Raising the Level of Legal Culture in Society: Regulatory Framework for Academic Integrity
Full text linkThis article aims to analyze academic integrity both as a legal category and as an indicator of legal culture, highlighting its essential role in shaping the quality and morality of higher education. It argues that the implementation and internalization of academic integrity must be prioritized by all actors within the educational system to ensure the sustainable development of the Russian scientific and academic environment. Violations of academic integrity—such as plagiarism, data falsification, or dishonest assessment practices—pose significant risks to the educational process, leading to diminished public trust, intellectual decline, and the normalization of deviant academic behavior. To achieve its objectives, the study employs a qualitative research methodology, using a normative and socio-legal approach. Data are collected through documentary analysis of Russian legislative frameworks, academic codes of conduct, and relevant legal documents regulating education. In addition, in-depth interviews with legal scholars and education policy experts provide interpretative insights into the relationship between law, ethics, and academic practice. The qualitative analysis allows the study to explore not only the normative aspects of academic integrity but also the underlying cultural and institutional factors affecting its enforcement. The findings reveal that the absence of a precise legal definition of academic integrity hinders consistent interpretation and enforcement. Thus, effective regulation should be grounded in well-formulated legislative provisions aligned with international legal drafting standards. Ultimately, the article identifies the key features of academic integrity as a legal category and underscores its pivotal function as both the moral foundation and legal instrument for advancing education quality and social development.
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Dremova, O. V., & Bekova, S. K. (2021). Eticheskie kodeksy v universitetakh: chto i kak oni reguliruyut [University codes of ethics: What do they regulate and how]? Educational Policy. Vol. 1, No. 85, 88–99.
Dzhaneryan, S., Kima, A., Gutermana, L. & Esayan, M. (2025). Perceptions of neural network use in higher education: Case study. European Journal of Contemporary Education. Vol. 14, No. 1, 3–12. https://doi.org/10.13187/ejced.2025.1.3
Efimova, G. Z. (2013). Analiz osnovnykh strategii borby s proyavleniyami nedobrosovestnosti v nauke i obrazovanii [The analysis of crucial ways of struggle against the display of dishonesty in the field of science and education]. Russian Journal of Education and Psychology. Vol. 2, No. 22, 125-143.
Eremenko, T. V. (2021). Aktualnye voprosy formirovaniya akademicheskoi etiki studentov v protsesse raboty s informatsiei: po materialam ekspertnogo oprosa [Topical issues of the formation of students’ academic ethics in the process of working with information: Based on the materials of an expert survey]. Sociology of Science and Technology. Vol. 12, No. 3, 152-170. https://doi.org/10.24412/2079-0910-2021-3-152-170
Fialkovskaya, I. D. (2024). Printsipy predostavleniya publichnykh uslug: sistema i soderzhaniye [Principles of public service provision: System and content]. NB: Administrative Law and Administration Practice. No. 1, 23-38. https://doi.org/10.7256/2306-9945.2024.1.69515
Gazizova, F. S., Chunikhin, A. A., Kozachek, A. V., Mussaui-Ulianishcheva, E. V., Shichiyakh, R. A., Gubanova, N. V., & Kolcova, N. A. (2025). Opportunities for the development of higher education under the influence of digital technology: Prospects of Education 4.0. Revista online de Politica e Gestao Educacional. Vol. 29, No. 00, e025008. https://doi.org/10.22633/rpge.v29i00.20124
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Gubanov, N. I., Gubanov, N. N., & Shorikova, E. S. (2021). Vidy akademicheskogo moshennichestva i ego prichiny [Types of academic dishonesty and its causes]. Filosofiya i obshchestvo. Vol. 2, No. 99, 5-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30884/jfio/2021.02.01
Iogolevich, N. I., & Lobodenko, E. I. (2020). Akademicheskaya nedobrosovestnost studentov tekhnicheskogo vuza: masshtaby problemy i puti resheniya [Academic dishonesty among technical students: Scale of the problem and solutions]. Pedagogy. Theory & Practice. Vol. 5, No. 1, 99-106. https://doi.org/10.30853/pedagogy.2020.1.18
Kalinin, S. V. (2024). Problemy integratsii otechestvennoy i zarubezhnykh sistem obrazovaniya v sovremennom pedagogicheskom protsesse [Problems of integration of domestic and foreign systems education in the modern pedagogical process]. Pedagogika i prosveshcheniye. No. 1, 25-33. https://doi.org/10.7256/2454-0676.2024.1.39662
Krainova, N., Gaag, I., & Poshivailov, A. (2024). Impact of the digital transformation of society on the determination of optimal punishment models to counter crime. Jurnal CIta Hukum-Indonesian Law Journal. Vol. 12, No. 1, 59-70. https://doi.org/10.15408/jch.v12i1.37743
Kryucheva, Y., & Tolstoukhova, I. (2024). The importance of motivation in students for successful professional education. Revista on-line de Política e Gestão Educacional. Vol. 28, No. 00, e023031. https://doi.org/10.22633/rpge.v28i00.19886
Kurgansky, S., Turanina, N., Malysheva, M., Zamanova, I., & Pushina, V. (2024). Project-based activity as an effective strategy of a modern library and its impact on the education and cultural development of society. Revista Conrado. Vol. 20, No. 100, 511–515.
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Rozhkova, M. A. (2021). Plagiat i inye vidy nekorrektnykh zaimstvovanii v dissertatsiyakh: pravovye i eticheskie voprosy [Plagiarism and other types of incorrect borrowings in dissertations: Legal and ethical issues]. Zhurnal Suda po intellektualnym pravam. Vol. 3, No. 33, 124-140.
Saltykova, M. V., & Sulima, T. G. (2019). Publikatsionnaya etika v izdatelskom protsesse: problemy plagiata i oformleniya nauchnykh materialov [Publication ethics in the publishing process: Problems of plagiarism and design of scientific materials]. Vestnik NTsBZhD. Vol. 3, No. 41, 61-70.
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Shichkin, I., Ruziev, Z., Jumaniyazova, M., Abdullaeva, M., & Abdullayev, I. (2024). Development of higher education in the context of digitalization: Developing an effective socioeconomic integration model. Revista Conrado. Vol. 20, No. S1, 142–147.
Shmeleva, E. D. (2015). Akademicheskoe moshennichestvo v sovremennykh universitetakh: obzor teoreticheskikh podkhodov i rezultatov empiricheskikh issledovanii [Academic dishonesty in modern universities: A review of theoretical approaches and empirical findings]. Journal of Economic Sociology. Vol. 16, No. 2, 55–79.
Smolyaninova, O. G., & Ivanova, N. A. (2024). Razvitiye kommunikativnogo komponenta sotsial\u27nogo intellekta podrostkov kak pedagogicheskaya problema [The development of the communicative component of the social intelligence of adolescents as a pedagogical problem]. Anthropological Didactics and Upbringing. Vol. 7, No. 1, 11–25.
Soloveva, I. V., & Zamkovaya, M. A. (2024). Soblyudenie norm akademicheskoi dobrosovestnosti i proktoring pri provedenii form kontrolya online [Academic integrity and proctoring in online testing]. Pedagogika i psikhologiya obrazovaniya. No. 3, 194–207. https://doi.org/10.31862/2500-297X-2024-3-194-207
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Zhilkibaeva, R., Avazova, S., Qahhorova, M., Myrksina, Y., & Tretyak, E. (2024). Impact of cloud technology implementation on the educational process. Revista Conrado. Vol. 20, No. 99, 387–392
Политика использования социальных сетей в России после Спецоперации в 2022 г.(Social Media Usage Policy in Russia after the Special Military Operation in 2022)
No full textThis article examines the characteristics of social media usage in Russia, particularly following the special military operation in Ukraine in 2022, a period that marked a significant shift in the country’s information and communication landscape. The study aims to provide an in-depth analysis of how the Russian government regulates, restricts, and controls the use of digital media platforms among its citizens. Special attention is given to the political, security, and ideological considerations that underlie these restrictions, especially in the context of national sovereignty, information warfare, and state security. The primary objective of this research is to identify the key reasons behind limitations on social media usage and access to online information in Russia. It also seeks to analyze the legal framework governing these restrictions, including laws, government decrees, and regulatory policies that justify bans, content moderation, platform blocking, and surveillance of online activities. By examining these normative instruments, the article highlights how legal mechanisms are employed to shape public discourse and manage information flows in times of political tension and conflict. Methodologically, this study adopts the perspective of the social construction of mass media, which views media not merely as neutral channels of communication but as socially and politically constructed institutions influenced by power relations, ideology, and state interests. Through qualitative analysis of policy documents, official statements, and regulatory practices, the research illustrates how state narratives are reinforced through digital media governance. The findings indicate that the Russian government has developed a systematic and institutionalized policy framework to regulate social media and internet access. These policies significantly affect freedom of expression, access to alternative information sources, and patterns of online communication, reshaping the role of social media in Russian society in the post-2022 period
Corporate Governance\u27s Role In Combating Earnings Manipulation: Leveraging Cyber Laws, Forensic Accounting, And Emerging Technologies For Prevention And Early Detection
Full text linkThis paper aims to examine the impact of Corporate Governance on Earnings Manipulation, with Cyber Laws, Forensic Accounting Practices, and Emerging Technologies serving as moderating factors. This study, utilizing data from 400 high-tech industry professionals in China, validates the overall research hypothesis through PLS-SEM, demonstrating that strict governance procedures effectively mitigate earnings manipulation. Cyber laws and emerging technologies enhance financial regulation by augmenting oversight and reducing the potential for manipulation, while forensic accounting provides supplementary techniques for fraud detection and compliance. The study advocates for the integration of regulatory and compliance mechanisms, technology, and forensic processes into organizational compliance systems to improve accountability and transparency in financial reporting. Thus, the policy options may include strengthening cybersecurity regulations, advancing technological capabilities, and incorporating forensic accounting into the organizational management framework
International Courts and Their Contribution to Justice in the Context of the War in Ukraine
Full text linkEnsuring justice during the ongoing war in Ukraine represents one of the most pressing challenges for contemporary international law. This study examines the pivotal role of international judicial institutions—particularly the International Criminal Court (ICC), the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), and various ad hoc tribunals—in enforcing accountability for war crimes, upholding human rights, and preserving the rule of law amid armed conflict. Using a qualitative research method, the study relies on comparative analysis as well as historical and legal approaches to understand how these institutions function within complex geopolitical contexts. Through qualitative data collection and interpretive analysis of court decisions, international conventions, and reports from global organizations, the research identifies structural and procedural challenges faced by international courts, including political interference, difficulties in gathering evidence, and limited coordination with domestic jurisdictions. Moreover, the study explores the role of international cooperation and judicial precedents in building a more consistent and enforceable global justice system. The findings suggest that while international courts play a critical role in prosecuting war crimes and deterring future violations, their effectiveness is often constrained by issues of state sovereignty and the lack of uniform enforcement mechanisms. Therefore, the paper argues for a strategic consolidation between international and national legal systems to ensure that justice is not only pursued but also realized in practice. Ultimately, this research contributes to the broader discourse on strengthening international criminal justice in the era of hybrid conflicts and global political polarization
Information Rights and Social Rights Protection in Kazakhstan\u27s Constitutional Legal Framework
Full text linkIn this article, the authors examine theoretical approaches and challenges related to the protection of social human rights and the citizens\u27 right to information within the constitutional doctrine of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It has been established that the national regulatory and legal framework governing state bodies\u27 activities is aligned with the fundamental legal principles underlying the state\u27s organization and legal system. The authors analyze the concepts and role of mass media in safeguarding social rights, demonstrating how this enables comprehensive development of institutional openness and social protection of citizens. The authors consider various mechanisms for implementing social rights in the field of legal information and discuss the importance of understanding systemic connections between social security and information rights. The study reveals that the idea of social rights and the right to information emerged from the objective need for people to seek, receive, produce, and disseminate information, as well as a response to excessive secrecy of information essential for civilized society. The authors substantiate the conclusion that while systemic connections between social protection and information rights vary across countries, there is a typical pattern in legislative development. In some foreign countries, these rights arose as elements of freedom of speech and the press. However, in most countries, laws protecting state secrets appeared first, followed by legislative acts guaranteeing the protection of social rights and access to information about the activities of state bodies
Practice of the european court of human rights as a factor in the development of private law
No full textThe article examines the case law of the European Court of Human Rights (hereinafter referred to as the ECHR) as an important factor in the development of private law in the national legal systems of the member states of the Council of Europe. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the decisions of the ECHR, which have a systemic impact on the improvement of legal mechanisms for the protection of rights in the field of private law relations. The expediency of using the construction “case law of the European Court of Human Rights”, which has already been implemented in legislation of Ukraine (Civil Procedure Code, Commercial Procedure Code, Code of Administrative Procedure, Law of Ukraine “On the Execution of Decisions and Application of the Practice of the European Court of Human Rights”) is substantiated, which emphasizes the normative legitimacy of such an approach. Changing the focus from “civil law” to the broader concept of “private law” allows expanding specialization, also covering aspects of economic, family and other related areas. The paper highlights the key areas of influence of the ECHR practice on law enforcement in matters of property rights protection, access to justice, fair trial and effective enforcement of court decisions. It also examines the problems of implementing ECHR decisions into the legal practice of Ukraine, conflicts between national and international law, as well as the role of the Court in forming a balance between public and private interests. In conclusion, the importance of the ECHR practice as a factor in the evolution of the doctrine of private law and the unification of European standards of human rights protection is emphasized
People with intellectual disabilities and crime: changes in terminology, attitudes and interventions in the Czech context
No full textSupporting people with intellectual disabilities in the field of crime prevention and re-socialisation after imprisonment is a key challenge for contemporary society. It is essential not only to strengthen existing programmes but also to create an inclusive environment that enables these people to participate fully in society. The joint efforts of professionals, families and the general public can contribute to enabling people with intellectual disabilities to become equal members of our society. This expert article focuses on the understudied issue of persons with mental disabilities who commit crimes and serve prison sentences in the Czech prison system. The aim of the text is to draw attention to changes in terminology, social attitudes and professional approaches when working with this target group. The article emphasises the rights of people with mental disabilities, the need to support their self-determination and responsibility, as well as the prevention of criminal behaviour and appropriate resocialisation after serving a sentence. The paper includes an analysis of current interventions and recommendations for practice
Legal Basis of Cross-Border Criminal Prosecution of Cybercriminals: Criminal and Procedural Challenges for Azerbaijan
Full text linkThe impact of modern digital technologies is essential for understanding the need to improve the law enforcement system. The purpose of this article is to examine the legal basis for cross-border criminal prosecution of cybercrime in Azerbaijan, identify key criminal law and procedural challenges, and develop recommendations to improve national legislation and strengthen international cooperation. The study is based on an analysis of Azerbaijan\u27s criminal and criminal procedure legislation in the field of cross-border prosecution of cybercrimes. Normative and comparative legal analysis methods, along with systematization, were employed to identify gaps and formulate recommendations. The results show that the Criminal Code of Azerbaijan contains references to the illegality of unauthorized access to computer information, illegal actions related to the exploitation of computer networks, and the distribution of malicious software. There is no separate article on computer fraud, so clear standards for collecting electronic evidence are not specified, indicating significant gaps in the national legal framework. The main challenges in cross-border prosecution of cybercrimes include the limited scope of bilateral extradition agreements, difficulties in cooperating with countries with different legal systems, and bureaucratic obstacles to the exchange of digital evidence. The conclusions highlight recommendations that would improve the regulatory framework. First and foremost, they point to the need to implement regulations on computer fraud and clear rules for the use of electronic evidence, expand international cooperation, and implement the provisions of international conventions to which Azerbaijan is a party
Proposing Some Solutions to Improve Policies and Laws on Land Use Rights of Overseas Vietnamese
No full textThe overseas Vietnamese community constitutes an important resource for the nation’s development, in which economic contributions represent one of the most traditional and widespread forms of engagement. The substantial flow of remittances sent by overseas Vietnamese has significantly contributed to Vietnam’s socio-economic development by supporting and stimulating domestic production and business activities. Given the notable benefits derived from the expansion of land use rights for overseas Vietnamese, this reform can be regarded as a major advancement of the 2024 Land Law in attracting foreign investment to Vietnam. The expansion provides more favorable conditions for overseas Vietnamese to invest in their homeland’s real estate market while fostering linkages and investment cooperation between them and foreign-invested enterprises. Such collaboration is expected to promote joint business initiatives, strengthen the private sector, and accelerate the growth of innovative start-up enterprises. Furthermore, the attraction of foreign investment serves as a vital bridge for economic integration, facilitating the connection of the domestic economy with global production and business networks. Through this process, Vietnam not only gains access to advanced scientific and technological innovations, modern management practices, and global value chains but also broadens its market reach—creating opportunities for domestic products, goods, and services to enter the global market and affirm their position in the international arena