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Karakteristik Semen Cair Lumba-lumba Hidung Botol Indo-Pasifik (Turciops aduncus) Pasca Penyimpanan pada Suhu 5 C
No full textLumba-lumba hidung botol Indo-Pasifik merupakan model potensial untuk pengembangan preservasi semen pada mamalia laut. Pengencer komersial berbasis lesitin digunakan untuk preservasi semen cair lumba-lumba hidung botol indo-pasifik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeavaluasi karakteristik semen cair lumba-lumba hidung botol pasca penyimpanan pada suhu 5 °C dalam pengencer komersial berbasis lesitin. Semen segar dari dua lumba-lumba hidung botol indo-pasifik berusia 11,5 dan 18 tahun dikoleksi satu minggu sekali sebanyak 3 kali ulangan. Semen segar dievaluasi secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis. Semen dengan motilitas sperma lebih dari 70% dibagi menjadi empat tabung, masing-masing dengan dan tanpa perlakuan sentrifugasi. Semen dibagi menjadi konsentrasi 100×106 ml-1 dan 200×106 ml-1, kemudian disimpan pada suhu 5 °C selama 4 hari. Evaluasi dilakukan setiap 24 jam meliputi motilitas, viabilitas, dan membran plasma utuh (MPU) spermatozoa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya penurunan yang signifikan (P < 0,05) pada kualitas sperma setiap 24 jam pemeriksaan pada semua perlakuan. Kualitas semen cair dipertahankan dengan motilitas ≥40% hingga hari ke-2 setelah penampungan semen. Preservasi semen cair sperma lumba-lumba hidung botol indo-pasifik dapat dilakukan dalam jangka waktu penyimpanan yang singkat yaitu 48 jam pada semua perlakuan dengan pengencer komersial berbasis lesitin.Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins are potential models for the development of semen preservation in marine mammals. Lecithin-based commercial diluent is used for preservation of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin liquid semen. This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of liquid semen of bottlenose dolphins after storage at 5°C in lecithin-based commercial diluents. Fresh semen from two 11,5 and 18-year-old Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins was collected once a week for 3 replicates. Fresh semen was evaluated microscopically and macroscopically. Semen with more than 70% sperm motility was divided into four tubes, each with and without centrifugation treatment. Semen was divided into concentrations of 100 × 106 ml-1 and 200 × 106 ml-1, then stored at 5°C for 4 days. Semen was stored in 15 mL tubes and kept in a refrigerator at 5 °C for 4 days. Evaluation was done every 24 hours, including motility, viability, and plasma membrane integrity (PMI) of sperm. Results showed a significant decrease (P < 0,05) in sperm quality every 24 hours of examination in all treatments. Liquid semen quality was maintained with motility ≥ 40% until day 2 after semen collection. Liquid semen preservation for Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin sperm can be done for a short storage period of 48 hours in all treatments with lecithin-based commercial diluent
Hematological Profile of Macaca nemestrina Across Different Age Groups
Get PDFMacaca nemestrina, also known as the pigtail macaque, plays a crucial role in drug development and serves as a highly valuable animal model for studying various human diseases due to its phenotypic similarities to humans, including those related to the aging process. Hematology is a critical component of clinical assessments for this spesies, serving both as a diagnostic tool to determine their health status and to characterize disease models, including degenerative and geriatric diseases. As anemia is a common phenomenon in the elderly, it is also important to determine whether M. nemestrina exhibit a similar condition with age. The aim of this study was to determine the hematological profiles of clinically healthy female M. nemestrina across young, adult, and elderly age groups, particularly related to anemia parameters. This study was conducted at the Primate Research Center, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia. The animals were part of a breeding colony and were divided into three groups based on age: young (5–7 years), adult (12–14 years), and elderly (18–21 years). Following anesthesia with ketamine, a physical examination was performed to determine clinical status, and blood samples were collected for a complete blood count (CBC) evaluation using an automated analyzer. The results showed that total erythrocytes, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were significantly different (P<0.05) in the elderly group compared to the other groups. Additionally, the red cell distribution width (RDW) percentage and leukocyte count differed significantly between the adult and elderly groups. The results showed that the erythrogram differs with age in clinically healthy M. nemestrina, suggesting the importance of determining appropriate baseline reference values in macaques of different ages
Reproductive Performance of Multiparous Ewes with Different Flushing Ration Manage-ment: Reproductive Performance of Multiparous Ewes after Flushing Ration Management
No full textLocal sheep are small ruminants that are kept by many farmers. The reproductive success of the animals is influenced by the ration offered. The aim of this study is to evaluate the reproductive performance of multiparous ewes with different flush management. For the study, 16 multiparous ewes were used in a 4 x 4 randomized group design. Treatments consisted of P1 = no flushing, P2 = flushing before and after mating, P3 = flushing before and after mating and at mid-pregnancy, P4 = flushing before and after mating, at mid-pregnancy and at the end of pregnancy. The variables observed were the percentage of pregnancy, number of embryos, embryo diameter, amnion diameter, embryo durability, number of offspring and duration of pregnancy. The results showed that the management of flushing rations influenced the pregnancy rate and amniotic diameter. The number and diameter of embryos, gestation length, number of offspring and embryo lifespan did not differ between treatments (P>0.05). This study concludes that the management of flushing rations affects reproductive performance in terms of pregnancy rate and amniotic diameter.This study evaluated the reproductive performance of multiparous ewes under various flush management strategies. A total of 16 multiparous ewes were utilized in a 4 x 4 randomized group design. The treatments included P1: no flushing; P2: flushing before and after mating; P3: flushing before and after mating and at mid-pregnancy; P4: flushing before and after mating, at mid-pregnancy, and at the end of pregnancy. The observed variables included the percentage of pregnancy, number of embryos, embryo diameter, amnion diameter, embryo durability, number of offspring, and duration of pregnancy. The findings indicated that the management of flushing rations affected both the pregnancy rate and the amniotic diameter. No significant differences were observed between treatments regarding the number and diameter of embryos, gestation length, number of offspring, and embryo lifespan (P>0.05). This study concluded that managing flushing rations affects reproductive performance regarding pregnancy rate and amniotic diameter
Potensi Penyebaran Infeksi Trichinella sp Akibat Konsumsi Daging Babi Hutan pada Karnivora Liar di Taman Margasatwa Ragunan
No full textTrichinellosis merupakan penyakit zoonotik yang disebarkan oleh konsumsi daging mentah atau kurang matang yang mengandung larva cacing Trichinella sp. Keberadaan Trichinella spiralis di Indonesia telah teridentifikasi sejak masa kolonial Belanda, tetapi informasi mengenai kejadian trichinellosis pada manusia dan hewan di negara ini masih sangat terbatas. Sejumlah penelitian terkini mengindikasikan terjadinya peningkatan kasus trichinellosis pada hewan, khususnya babi dan babi hutan. Hal ini tidak hanya berpotensi mengancam kesehatan manusia, tetapi juga satwa liar karnivora yang mengonsumsi daging tersebut, termasuk satwa yang berada dalam penangkaran ex situ. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendeteksi keberadaan larva Trichinella sp. pada daging babi hutan hasil buruan di Provinsi Bengkulu yang dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber pakan satwa liar karnivora di Taman Margasatwa Ragunan, Jakarta. Sebanyak 44 sampel daging babi hutan asal Bengkulu serta serum dari empat Harimau Bengala, dua Jaguar, dan satu Singa Afrika asal Taman Margasatwa Ragunan diperiksa menggunakan teknik Indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) untuk mendeteksi keberadaan antibodi terhadap Trichinella sp. Dari seluruh sampel daging yang diuji, tujuh (15,9%) menunjukkan hasil positif, 35 (79,5%) negatif, dan dua (4,5%) dubius. Pengujian serum Harimau Bengala menunjukkan satu (25%) seropositif, sedangkan sisanya dubious. Adapun pengujian pada serum Jaguar dan Singa Afrika menunjukkan hasil seronegatif. Harimau Bengala yang diuji merupakan individu yang lahir di Taman Margasatwa Ragunan dan hanya mendapat pasokan pakan berupa babi hutan asal Bengkulu. Oleh sebab itu, terdapat indikasi kuat bahwa infeksi Trichinella sp. pada babi hutan di Bengkulu dapat berpotensi memengaruhi kesehatan satwa liar karnivora yang ditangkarkan di Taman Margasatwa Ragunan, Jakarta.Trichinellosis is a zoonotic disease spread by consuming raw or undercooked meat containing Trichinella sp. larvae. The existence of Trichinella spiralis in Indonesia has been documented since the Dutch colonial period; however, information regarding the incidence of trichinellosis in humans and animals in this country remains limited. Recent studies indicate a rise in trichinellosis among animals, especially pigs and wild boars. This can potentially threaten human health and carnivorous wildlife that consume this meat, such us those in ex-situ captivity. This study aimed to identify the presence of Trichinella sp. larvae in wild boars hunted in Bengkulu Province, which serve as a food source for wild carnivores at the Ragunan Zoo in Jakarta. A total of 44 wild boar meat samples from Bengkulu, along with serum samples from four Bengal Tigers, two Jaguars, and one African Lion from Ragunan Zoo, were analyzed using the Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique to identify antibodies against Trichinella sp. Among the meat samples tested, seven (15.9%) yielded positive results, 35 (79.5%) were negative, and two (4.5%) were classified as dubious. Test on Bengal Tiger sera showed one (25%) was seropositive, while the rest were dubious. Tests on Jaguar and African Lion sera showed seronegative results. The Bengal tigers examined were born at Ragunan Zoo and were exclusively fed wild boar sourced from Bengkulu. Therefore, evidence suggests that Trichinella sp. infection in wild boars in Bengkulu may impact the health of wild carnivores conserved at Ragunan Zoo, Jakarta
Efek Aplikasi Komposit Pati Terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah High Fat Diet Rattus novergicus
Get PDFBeras, umbi-umbian, dan pangan olahan dari tepung-tepungan dan pati seperti mie, pasta dan bakery merupakan bahan pangan utama bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Tanaman daluga berpotensi sebagai sumber pangan yang baik, mempunyai komposisi karbohidrat dengan kompisis amilosa dan amilopektin yang baik sehingga memberikan karakter pencernaan yang lebih sehat di pangan olahannya dengan mengurangi percepatan pembongkaran karbohidrat menjadi gula. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian komposit pati daluga, tepung jagung dan tepung beras terhadap kadar glukosa darah Rattus novergicus yang diinduksi high fat diet. Pengujian in vivo menggunakan 18 ekor Rattus novergicus jantan dengan modelling syndrom metabolic. Darah tikus dikoleksi melalui vena orbitalis mata pada hari ke-0, 7 dan 14 untuk pengujian kadar glukosa darah. Metode pengujian ex vivo dilakukan nekropsi setelah perlakuan 14 hari dengan pengambilan sampel usus bagian jejunum untuk pengamatan laju absorbsi glukosa pada usus. Data dianalisa menggunakan perangkat lunak R-Software. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa data yang diperoleh pada hari ke-14 terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara kelompok (p<0,05) sedangkan, pada hari ke-7 tidak adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antar kelompok (p>0,05). Pemberian komposit pati daluga, tepung beras dan tepung jagung memiliki potensi yang dapat meningkatkan kadar glukosa darah tikus putih yang diinduksi high fat diet
The Expression of Type III Collagen Connective Tissue inGluteobiceps and Psoas Mayor Muscles of Aceh Cattle
Get PDFCollagen is one of the determinant factors of beef tenderness. This study analyzed the expression and content of type III collagen connective tissue in two muscle types of Aceh cattle through immunohistochemical staining. Meat samples were obtained from the gluteobiceps and psoas major muscles of three Aceh cattle bulls weighing 250-300 kg, with a body condition score of three. Histology preparations were created from samples and subjected to immunohistochemical staining utilizing specific antibodies targeting type III collagen. Qualitative data were analyzed descriptively, while quantitative data were analyzed using IMAGE J software. The results showed that the expression of type III collagen connective tissue was found in the endomysium and perimysium layers of both muscles. The expression of type III collagen connective tissue varied significantly among the muscles (P<0.05). The gluteobiceps muscle had an average percentage of the area containing type III collagen connective tissue of 4.47±2.41%, while the psoas major muscle was lower at 2.51±1.69%. This study concludes that the gluteobiceps muscle of Aceh cattle has a higher amount of type III collagen connective tissue than the psoas major muscle.Collagen is one of the determinant factors of beef tenderness. This study analyzed the expression and content of typeIII collagen connective tissue in two muscle types of Aceh cattle through immunohistochemical staining. Meat sampleswere obtained from the gluteobiceps and psoas major muscles of three Aceh cattle bulls weighing 250-300 kg, with abody condition score of three. Histology preparations were created from samples and subjected to immunohistochemicalstaining utilizing specific antibodies targeting type III collagen. Qualitative data were analyzed descriptively, whilequantitative data were analyzed using IMAGE J software. The results showed that the expression of type III collagenconnective tissue was found in the endomysium and perimysium layers of both muscles. The expression of type III collagenconnective tissue varied significantly among the muscles (P<0.05). The gluteobiceps muscle had an average percentage ofthe area containing type III collagen connective tissue of 4.47±2.41%, while the psoas major muscle was lower at 2.51±1.69%.This study concludes that the gluteobiceps muscle of Aceh cattle has a higher amount of type III collagen connective tissuethan the psoas major muscle
Metabolic Rate and Oxygen Saturation of Fruit Bats (Cynopterus titthaecheilus & Cynopterus brachyotis)
Get PDFMetabolic rate and oxygen saturation are crucial factors in understanding the physiology of fruit bats (Cynopterus titthaecheilus and Cynopterus brachyotis). This study aims to evaluate the resting metabolic rate and oxygen saturation in bats and their relationship to flight physiology. A total of 32 bats were categorized based on species, sex, and age. Metabolic rate was measured using a metabolic chamber method, while oxygen saturation was monitored using a patient monitoring system. The results showed that bat metabolism is influenced by various factors, including age and sex, without a significant correlation with body mass. Adult female bats exhibited highly fluctuating metabolic rates, possibly due to hormonal factors and increased energy demands during lactation. Additionally, C. titthaecheilus had an oxygen saturation of 94%±2.00 for males and 94%±1.73 for females, whereas C. brachyotis showed 98%±0.00 in males and 87%±4.16 in females. The high oxygen saturation in bats indicates an efficient oxygen transport system that supports their high metabolic activity during flight. This study provides insights into the physiological strategies of bats in maintaining high metabolism and oxygenation capacity, which are relevant to their ecology and overall health.Laju metabolisme dan saturasi oksigen merupakan faktor penting dalam memahami fisiologi kelelawar pemakan buah (Cynopterus titthaecheilus dan Cynopterus brachyotis). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi laju metabolisme istirahat dan saturasi oksigen pada kelelawar, serta hubungannya dengan fisiologi penerbangan. Sebanyak 32 ekor kelelawar dikategorikan berdasarkan spesies, jenis kelamin, dan usia. Laju metabolisme diukur menggunakan metode metabolor chamber, sedangkan saturasi oksigen dipantau menggunakan pasien monitoring. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa laju metabolisme kelelawar dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, termasuk usia dan jenis kelamin, tanpa korelasi yang signifikan dengan massa tubuh. Kelelawar betina dewasa memiliki fluktuasi metabolisme yang tinggi, kemungkinan karena faktor hormonal dan kebutuhan energi selama menyusui. Selain itu, C. titthaecheilus memiliki saturasi oksigen 94% untuk jantan dan betina, sementara C. brachyotis menunjukkan nilai 98% pada jantan dan 87% pada betina. Tingginya saturasi oksigen pada kelelawar menunjukkan efisiensi sistem transportasi oksigen yang mendukung aktivitas metabolisme tinggi selama penerbangan. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan wawasan tentang strategi fisiologis kelelawar dalam mempertahankan metabolisme dan kapasitas oksigenasi yang tinggi, yang relevan dengan ekologi dan kesehatan hewan.
Kata kunci: Cynopterus titthaecheilus, Cynopterus brachyotis, laju metabolisme, saturasi oksigen, fisiologi kelelawar
Enhancement of Ovarian Development in Striped Catfish (Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus) Through Supplementation of Katuk Extract (Sauropus Androgenus), Turmeric Powder (Curcuma Longa), and Vitamin C
Get PDFPerkembangan ovarium ikan mempengaruhi kualitas anakan yang dihasilkan. Penelitian bertujuan mempercepat kematangan gonad ikan patin dengan suplemetasi ekstrak katuk (0,6 g/kg pakan), tepung kunyit (4,8 g/kg pakan), dan vitamin C (599 mg/kg pakan). Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap, 8 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan, yaitu CON (Kontrol), SA (ekstrak katuk), TU (tepung kunyit), VC (vitamin C), SATU (ekstrak katuk dan tepung kunyit), SAVC (ekstrak katuk dan vitamin C), TUVC (tepung kunyit dan vitamin C), dan COM (ekstrak katuk, tepung kunyit, dan vitamin C). Induk ikan dipelihara selama 2 bulan dengan pemberian pakan dosis 5% bobot tubuh. Parameter yang diamati adalah bobot induk, bobot gonad, gonadosomatik indeks (GSI), histologi ovarium, dan diameter oosit fase endogenous vitelogenesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ekstrak katuk, tepung kunyit, dan vitamin C menghasilkan nilai GSI dan bobot gonad yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Perkembangan oosit dengan suplementasi ekstrak katuk, tepung kunyit, dan vitamin C mencapai fase endogenous vitelogenesis, sedangkan pada perlakuan kontrol masih banyak oosit pada fase previtelogenesis. Ukuran oosit fase endogenous vitelogenesis tertinggi ditemukan pada perlakuan kombinasi (603.60±99.09 µm) dan terendah pada kontrol (412.60±39.76 µm). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan ekstrak katuk, tepung kunyit, dan vitamin C mampu mempercepat perkembangan dan kualitas oosit ikan patin.The growth and development of ovary in teleost fish will determine the quality of larvae. This research was designed to accelerate gonad growth of catfish fed ration supplemented with katuk extract (0.6 g/kg), turmeric powder (4.8 g/kg), and vitamin C (599 mg/kg). The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with 8 treatments: CON (Control), SA (Katuk extract), TU (Turmeric powder), VC (vitamin C), SATU (Katuk extract and Turmeric powder), SAVC (Katuk extract and vitamin C), TUVC (Turmeric powder and vitamin C), and COM (Katuk extract, Turmeric powder, and vitamin C). The treatmenst were given for 2 months. Parameters measured were body weight, gonad weight, gonado-somatic index, ovary histology, and oocyte diameter. The results showed that supplementations of katuk extract, turmeric powder, and vitamin C produce higher GSI and gonad weights. Oocytes in catfish supplemented with katuk extract, turmeric powder, and vitramin C reached endogenous vitellogenesis phase while in control catfish a number of oocytes were in previtellogenesis phase. Oocytes diameters of endogenous vitellogenesis phase in COMB catfish (603.60±99.09 µm) were higher than those in control catfish (412.60±39.76 µm). Supplementation of catfish with katuk extract, turmeric powder, and vitamin C can accelerate oocytes growth and development and improved quality
Anthelmintic Potential of Microherbal Formulation of Basil Leaves (Ocimum africanum) against Haemonchus contortus
No full textHaemonchus contortus merupakan salah satu parasit ruminansia yang patogen dan telah mengembangkan kemampuan resistensi terhadap pengobatan antelmintik sintetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji efektivitas antelmintik ekstrak daun kemangi pada skala mikro meter secara in vitro terhadap telur, larva infektif (L3), dan cacing dewasa H. contortus. Efektivitas tiga macam konsentrasi mikroherbal (10, 5, dan 1%) diuji melalui egg hatch assay, larval motility inhibition test, and adult worm motility inhibition assay. Kelompok kontrol negatif menggunakan PBS 10% sementara kontrol positif menggunakan Albendazole 10 mg/ml. Data penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan mikroherbal konsentrasi tertinggi memiliki efek yang tidak berbeda nyata dengan Albendazole (p>0,05), baik terhadap telur, L3, maupun cacing dewasa. Penghambatan motilitas seluruh cacing dewasa terjadi pada 1-4 jam pertama paparan mikroherbal 10%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mikroherbal daun kemangi efektif dijadikan antelmintik terhadap berbagai stadium H. contortus.Haemonchus contortus is a prevalent and pathogenic parasite in ruminants that is resistant to common anthelmintic treatment. This study evaluated the anthelmintic effectiveness of Ocimum africanum leaf on a micron scale against H. contortus eggs, infective stage larvae (L3s), and adult worms. The effectiveness of three microherbal concentrations (10%, 5%, and 1%) was evaluated using an egg hatch assay and larval and adult worm motility inhibition assays. The negative control group used 10% PBS, while the positive control used 10 mg/mL of Albendazole. The findings of this study demonstrated that the highest concentration of microherbal treatment produced effects comparable to those of Albendazole (p>0.05) on eggs, L3, and adult worms. Adult worms become immobilized within one to four hours of exposure to 10% microherbal. This study revealed that basil leaves in the form of microherbals were effective as an anthelmintic against various stages of H. contortus
The Effect of Endo-1,4-β-xylanase as a Feed Additive on the Growth and Overall Health of Broiler Chickens
Get PDFEnzyme has been used widely as a feed additive to complement poultry needs of nutrition. Endo-1,4 beta-xylanase as its main component, which is effective in digesting non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs), hence improving the digestive system. This research aims to observe the efficacy of Endo-1,4-β-xylanase as a growth promotor and its safety. A total of 96 chickens were used in this research, divided into four groups. Administration depending on each group was conducted for 28 days, consecutively. Growth parameters that were observed includes body weight gain and feed conversion ratio, meanwhile for safety assessment, the parameters used were mortality rate, and blood profile. Based on the results, the enzyme was proven to enhance growth performance through the increased body weight gain and final weight. This is due to the enzyme’s mechanism which improves nutrient utilization. Based on the safety assessment, Endo-1,4-β-xylanase was also proven to be safe, not causing any inflammation responses in the body nor organ damage based on the blood assessment