IR@CECRI
Not a member yet
2644 research outputs found
Sort by
CAM sol–gel synthesized LiMPO4 (M=Co, Ni) cathodes for rechargeable lithium batteries
No full textThe emerging category cathode candidates
such as LiCoPO4 and LiNiPO4 were synthesized at 800 �C
using Citric acid assisted modified sol–gel (CAM sol–gel)
method and examined for possible lithium intercalation
behavior. Compound formation temperature is confirmed
from thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis
(TG/DTA). Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern
evidenced the absence of undesirable peaks and confirmed
the formation of phase pure LiMPO4 (M=Co, Ni) compounds
with an orthorhombic structure and finer crystallite
size. Presence of nanosized particles as observed from
TEM image of LiCoPO4 and the presence of preferred
local cation environment as understood from FT–IR studies
are the added advantages of CAM sol–gel synthesis. Further,
Cyclic voltametry (CV) and Impedance spectroscopy
(EIS) studies performed on the synthesized LiCoPO4 and
LiNiPO4 cathodes revealed excellent reversibility and
structural stability of CAM sol–gel synthesized cathodes,
especially upon storage as well as during cycling
Generation of gold–PEDOT nanostructures at an interface between two immiscible solvents
No full textGold–poly(3,4-)ethylenedioxythiophene (Au–PEDOT) composite with variant morphology was synthesized
through interfacial polymerization at room temperature in the absence of a template, phase
transfer catalyst or surfactant. A systematic variation of the relative concentration of the reactants yields
morphologies typical of nanorods of diameter approximately 20–30 nm and length of few 0.5–1 mm.
Transmission electron microscopy reveals the structure of the nanowire to be the one in which the core is
Au and the outer shell is made of PEDOT. Oligomer formation, speculated during the interfacial reaction
was confirmed by the analysis of the organic phase using ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) and nuclear
magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy techniques
Predictive Modeling of Copper in Electro-deposition of Bronze Using Regression and Neural Networks
No full textThe aim of this research is to obtain electrodeposits of copper-tin over mild steel substrate. The plating parameters were studied and a model is developed using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The electrodeposition of copper-tin was carried out from an alkaline cyanide bath. Copper content of coatings in alloy deposition was determined by using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The results were used to create a model for the plating characteristics and also for studies using ANN. The ANN model is compared with the conventional mathematical regression model for analysis
Evaluation of EK system by DC and AC on removal of nitrate complex
No full textDC (Direct current) is used in electrokinetic (EK) technology to extract hazardous materials from soils. Besides, AC (alternating current) electric field is
also used to induce particle and fluid motion in electrokinetics. The influence of AC and DC on electrokinetic phenomena was studied for the removal of nitrate complex in soil environment. The experiments were performed by employing three systems – DC, AC, and AC overlapped DC. The removal of cations was higher at the anodic spot while applying DC. Involvement of AC on cation
removal was very poor and nitrate removal was about 50%. AC and DC can be used for the removal of nitrate complex in agricultural soils
Pulse plated CdSxTe1-x films and their properties
No full textCdSxTe1-x films were deposited on titanium and conducting glass substrates at room temperature using 0.25 M cadmium sulphate, the concentration of sodium thiosulphate and TeO2 dissolved in sodium hydroxide was varied in the range of 0.01–0.05 M. The as deposited films exhibited hexagonal structure irrespective of the composition. The FWHM maximum of the x-ray diffraction peaks were found to decrease with increase of duty cycle. The optical energy gap values are in the range of 1.54–2.32 eV for films of different composition, it is observed that the band gap shifts towards CdS side as the concentration of CdS in the films increase. XPS studies indicated the formation
of CdSTe solid solution. The grain size increases from 11.54 to 99.40 nm as the value of x increases from 0.2 to 0.8. The surface roughness is found to increase from 0.22 to 2.50 nm as the value of ‘x’ increases from 0.2 to 0.8. The resistivity is found to vary from 53 to 8 ohm cm as the ‘x’ value decreases from 1 to 0
Synthesis of Boron Carbide by Calciothermic Reduction Process
No full textBoron carbide (B4C) powders were synthesized by calciothermic reduction process from the mixtures
of borax (or boron trioxide), petroleum coke, and calcium. The synthesized materials were characterized
by XRD, SEM, and chemical analysis
Effect of swift heavy ion irradiation in Fe/W multilayer structures
No full textPresent study reports effect of swift heavy ion irradiation on structural and magnetic properties of
sputtered Fe/W multilayer structures (MLS) having bilayer compositions of [Fe(20A˚ )/W(10A˚ )]5BL and
[Fe(20A˚ )/W(30A˚ )]5BL. These MLS are irradiated by 120 MeV Au9+ ions up to fluence of 4 1013 ions/cm2.
X-ray reflectivity (XRR), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), cross-sectional transmission electron
microscopy (X-TEM) and magneto optical Kerr effect (MOKE) techniques are used for structural and
magnetic characterization of pristine and irradiated MLS. Analysis of XRR data using Parratt’s formalism
shows a significant increase in W/Fe interface roughness. WAXD and X-TEM studies reveals that intralayer
microstructure of Fe-layers in MLS becomes nano-crystalline on irradiation. MOKE study shows
increase in coercivity at higher fluence, which may be due to increase in surface and interface roughness
after recrystallization of Fe-layers
Characteristics of brush plated ZnS films
No full textZinc sulphide(ZnS) thin films were deposited by the brush electrodeposition technique at
80°C and at different deposition current densities in the range of 80 – 200 mA cm-2.The
films were polycrystalline with peaks corresponding to single phase cubic ZnS. Films with
direct band gap in the range of 3.79–3.93 eV were obtained. The grain size increased from
20 – 70 nm as the deposition current density increased. The films exhibited resistivity in
the range of 100 – 1000 ohm cm. The photooutput obtained with photoelectrochemical
cells employing these films was higher than the previous report
Experimental aspects of combined NOx and SO2 removal from flue-gas mixture in an integrated wet scrubber-electrochemical cell system
No full textThe objective of this work was to study the effect of some operating conditions on the simultaneous
removal of NOx and SO2 from simulated NO–SO2–air flue-gas mixtures in a scrubber column. The gaseous
components were absorbed into 6 M HNO3 electrolyte in the scrubber in a counter-current mode, and
were oxidatively removed by the Ag(II) mediator oxidant electrochemically generated in an electrochemical
cell set-up. The integration of the electrochemical cell with the scrubber set-up ensured continuous
regeneration of the Ag(II) mediator and its repeated reuse for NOx and SO2 removal purpose, thereby
avoiding: (1) the usage of chemicals continuously for oxidation and (2) the production of secondary
waste. The influences of packing material (raschig glass rings, raschig poly(vinylidene) fluoride rings, Jaeger
tri-pack perfluoroalkoxy spheres), feed concentrations of NO and SO2 (100–400 ppm NO and 100–
400 ppm SO2), superficial gas velocity (0.061–0.61 m s�1) and liquid velocity (0.012–0.048 m s�1) were
investigated. The raschig glass rings with high surface area provided highest NO removal efficiency.
NO and NOx showed decreasing abatement at higher feed concentrations. The removal of nitrogen components
was faster and also greater, when SO2 co-existed in the feed. Whereas the gas flow rate decreased
the removal efficiency, the liquid flow rate increased it for NO and NOx. The flow rate effects were analyzed
in terms of gas/liquid residence time and superficial liquid velocity/superficial gas velocity ratio.
SO2 removal was total under all conditions
A new mixed-matrix membrane for DMFCs
No full textA new mixed-matrix membrane based on stabilized phosphotungstic acid (PTA) incorporated to
chitosan (CS)-hydroxy ethyl cellulose (HEC) for application in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs)
is reported. Membranes are characterised using Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (FTIR),
Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and their mechanical
properties are evaluated. The PTA content in the CS-HEC blend and its influence on proton
conductivity, water/methanol sorption, and methanol cross-over in the DMFC is studied. The DMFC
with 3 wt. % stabilized PTA-CS-HEC mixed-matrix membrane delivers peak power-density of
58 mW/cm2 at a load current-density of 210 mA/cm2 with a lower methanol cross-over than that
observed for a DMFC operating with a Nafion membrane electrolyte