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Chromium hexacyanoferrate as a cathode material in microbial fuel cells
No full textIn this work, it has been demonstrated that the
disadvantages associated with the use of the potassium ferricyanide
solution as the catholyte in a microbial fuel cell (MFC)
were overcome by using a graphite cathode electrochemically
modified with chromium hexacyanoferrate (CrHCF) film. The
existing use of potassium ferricyanide solution as the catholyte
is limited by the need to replace the catholyte every week and it
cannot be used in a sustained manner. The present work
evaluates the suitability of the CrHCF modified film as a
suitable cathode material in a prototype of a MFC wherein
Hansenula anomala is used as the biocatalyst in the anode
compartment. The CrHCF film was prepared in the presence of
the dopant camphor sulphonic acid to improve the reversibility
of the film in phosphate buffer
Synthesis and Characterization of Polypyrrole Composites for Corrosion Protection of Steel
No full textCorrosion protection performance of epoxy
polyamide coatings containing polypyrrole (PPy)
composites for steel has been studied. PPy and its composites have been synthesized chemically using potassium
permanganate and potassium per sulfate as
oxidants. The PPy has been characterized by four probe
method for conductivity, atomic absorption spectroscopy
for elemental analysis, and Fourier transform infrared
spectra for proving the incorporation of dopant in this
polymers. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) study has
revealed the presence of manganese dioxide in the polymer.
The elemental analysis and the thermo gravimetric
analysis measurements showed that the presence of
manganese dioxide in the polymer is about 75%. The
thermal stability of deprotonated polymer has improved.
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic analysis indicated
that the epoxy polyamide/PPy-MnO2 coating
showed the maximum resistance value of 2.196 � 107 X
cm2 after 30 days immersion in 3% sodium chloride solution
Electrosynthesis of Polyaniline Film on AA 7075 Alloy and Its Corrosion Protection Ability
No full textPolyaniline has been electrodeposited on an AA 7075 alloy by a potentiostatic method, and its corrosion protection ability has been
studied by Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic techniques in 1% NaCl. A pure polyaniline film
protects the aluminum alloy up to 70%. However, the corrosion resistance property of the polyaniline film has substantially
increased to 90% by post-treatment in a cerium salt solution. X-ray photoelectron spectra studies have shown that the film formed
due to the post-treatment of polyaniline with the AA 7075 alloy in the cerium salt solution is composed of both Ce3+ and Ce4+
oxides
Hybrid supercapacitor based on poly(aniline-co-m-anilicacid) and activated carbon in non-aqueous electrolyte
No full textA hybrid asymmetrical super capacitor has been fabricated based on p-doped poly(aniline-co-m-anilicacid)
and activated carbon coated on SS electrodes. The characterization of material, electrode and performance of the super
capacitor has been studied by FTIR, Cyclic Voltammetry, TGA/DTA, AC Impedance spectroscopy, and galvanostatic
charge-discharge tests. The super capacitor showed a maximum specific capacitance of 102 F/g at a scan rate of 10
mV/s. The normalized active-reactive power behavior of the capacitor has been determined. The time constant calculated
for the super capacitor is 6 milliseconds, indicating the suitability of the system for efficient use at low frequency
range
Electrosysnthesis of poly(aniline-co-m-amino benzoic acid) for corrosion protection of steel
No full textConducting polymer (poly(aniline-co-m-amino benzoic acid)) has been deposited on steel surface by
cyclic voltammetric technique. The copolymer film was characterized by FTIR, XPS and SEM techniques.
The corrosion protection performance of copolymer film on steel was found out by impedance and tafel
polarization methods in 1N HCl. The copolymer film was found to be highly corrosion resistant
Influence of Alkali-Treated Fibers on the Mechanical Properties and Machinability of Roselle and Sisal Fiber Hybrid Polyester Composite
No full textIn this work, the alkali-treated roselle and sisal fibers
were used as reinforcement fillers for thermosetting
matrix with aim of obtaining better mechanical properties
and machinability of natural fiber hybrid polyester
composite. However, their mechanical properties and
machinability were compared with untreated fiber composites.
The roselle and the sisal fibers were subjected
to a 10% sodium hydroxide solution treatment at different
duration of 2, 4, 6, and 8 h. Besides, the fractured
surfaces of composite specimen were investigated
using scanning electron microscopy. Drill hole profiles
were analyzed using profile projector and machine
vision inspection system. An improvement in strength
and stiffness combined with high toughness was
achieved by treating the fibers using 10% NaOH solution.
POLYM. COMPOS., 31:723–731, 2010. ª 2009 Society of
Plastics Engineer
Short time and low temperature mineralization of ZnO nanorod-bunches from solution using cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide
No full textThe low temperature mineralization of zinc oxide nanorod
bunches from zinc precursor solution mixed with the cationic
surfactant Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide is reported. Five different combinations of zinc precursor and surfactant ratios are chosen and their properties are compared using the average particle size, lattice parameter ratio (c=a) of hexagonal ZnO from X-ray diffraction, the morphologies from SEM, TEM and their optical characteristics by using optical absorption spectroscopy spectrometry. A surfactant lowers the surface tension of the
solution, and forms a thermodynamically ordered and a disordered
phase wherein, ordered phase seeds the growth of the ZnO
nanostructures. A peculiar circular structure called `micelle' is
formed by the surfactant. The heads, located on the peripheries
of the micelle, are the ordered phase in the solution, and are the
original nucleation sites of the Zinc Oxide nanostructures. This fashion of nucleation is the reason for the `arms of the wheel like morphology consisting of nanorod bunches. Out of the five
combinations experimented, the 3:1, 3:2, 1:1 ratios show nearness in the standard c=a value. The photoluminescence spectrum shows UV emission in the region of 380 nm and weak blue emission.
The UV-VIS-NIR spectrum has exhibited a characteristic UVabsorption
Sulphonate doped polyaniline containing coatings for corrosion protection of iron
No full textPolyaniline containing organic coatings are found to protect steel in acid and in neutral media. Since dopants
play an important role in the protection ability of polyaniline, a study has been made on the corrosion
protection performance of sulphonate doped polyaniline containing vinyl coating in 0.1 N HCl and 3% NaCl
by open circuit potential and impedance measurements. The open circuit potential measurements have
shown that the coatings with polyaniline maintain the potential in the noble range whereas the coating
without polyaniline exhibit potentials in the active range. EIS studies have shown that the sulphonate doped
polyaniline is able to protect steel in acid and in neutral media since the impedance values of the coating
remained at 1010 Ω cm2 even after 100 days exposure whereas the coatings without polyaniline have lost
their protection ability after 50 days and 100 days in the acid and neutral media. FTIR studies have shown
that PANI is able to protect by forming iron–PANI complexes beneath the coating along with a passive oxide
layer
Effects of mesoscopic poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) films as counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells
No full textCounter electrode coated with chemically polymerized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) in a dyesensitized
solar cell (DSSC) was studied. The surface morphology and the nature of I−/I3
− redox reaction
based on PEDOT film were investigated using Atomic Force Microscopy and Cyclic Voltammetry,
respectively. The performance of the DSSCs containing the PEDOT coated electrode was compared with
sputtered-Pt electrode. We found that the root mean square roughness decreases and conductivity increases
as the molar ratio of imidazole (Im)/EDOT in the PEDOT film increases. The DSSC containing the PEDOT
coated on fluorine doped tin oxide glass with Im/EDOT molar ratio of 2.0, showed a conversion efficiency of
7.44% compared to that with sputtered-Pt electrode (7.77%). The high photocurrents were attributed to the
large effective surface area of the electrode material resulting in good catalytic properties for I3
− reduction.
Therefore, the incorporation of a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) in the PEDOT film, coated on
various substrates was also investigated. The DSSC containing the PEDOT films with 0.6 wt.% of MWCNT on
stainless steel as counter electrode had the best cell performance of 8.08% with short-circuit current density,
open-circuit voltage and fill factor of 17.00 mA cm−2, 720 mV and 0.66, respectively
A process for the treatment of textile dye bath effluent
No full textA process for the treatment of textile dye bath effluent A process for the treatment of textile dye bath effluent, which comprises subjecting dye bath effluent to electro-oxidation, characterized in that the electrolysis being carried out in an undivided bipolar disc electrochemical reactor containing a plurality of electrode discs of titanium, each one of which on anode side is coated with Ti02/RuC«2 and other side being cathode at an average current density of 1 to 10 Amperes per dm at an average flow rate of 20-100 liters/hrs