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Pd-RuSe/C asORR Specific Catalyst in Alkaline Solution ContainingMethanol
No full textCarbon supported RuSe (RuSe/C) catalyst in varying atomic
ratios of Ru to Se, namely, 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 were prepared
and their performances were compared with carbon supported
Ru (Ru/C). Based on the performance, Palladium
was incorporated into as prepared RuSe(2:1)/C and heat
treated HTRuSe(2:1)/C. Ru/C, RuSe/C, and Pd-RuSe/C
were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission
electron microscopy techniques. The XRD analyses of
Ru/C, RuSe/C and Pd-HTRuSe/C show the formation of
the hcp structure of Ru particles and the mean particle size
was obtained from Ru(101) peak. The electrochemical characterizations
of Ru/C, RuSe/C, Pd-HTRuSe(2:1)/C and Pd-
RuSe(2:1)/C were conducted by cyclic voltammetry. Linear
Sweep Voltammetric studies showed that incorporation of
Pd in HTRu-Se(2:1)/C resulted in better catalytic activity
toward oxygen reduction with resistance to methanol oxidation.
The quantity of hydrogen peroxide produced was
obtained from rotating ring disk electrode studie
A Modified Lead-Acid Negative Electrode for High-Rate Partial-State-of-Charge Applications
No full textA simplified profile imitating the micro-hybrid driving mode is performed on the lead acid batteries to evaluate the effect of the
modified negative electrode design with half carbon paste as part of negative plate under high rate partial-state-of-charge operation
(HRPSoC). In this work, we report that the half side carbon paste replacing half of the spongy lead negative paste in negative plate
has significantly improved the cyclability of lead-acid batteries under high rate partial-state-of-charge operation. This is mainly
attributed to the high specific surface area and conductivity of the carbon black. In addition it minimises the formation of irreversible
lead sulfate at the negative plate. Thus, half carbon black on negative plate in lead acid battery eventually improves the performance
characteristics of lead-acid cells under HRPSoC cyclin
Highly selective electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide using Cu based metal organic framework as an electrocatalyst
No full textThe electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide at Cu based metal organic framework film surface was studied
in N,N-dimethylformamide containing tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate with saturated CO2. Cyclic
voltammetric studies of the MOF film immobilized onto GC in 0.1 M KCl clearly showed the well defined
Cu(II)/Cu(I) and Cu(I)/Cu(0) reversible redox responses. In the presence of saturated CO2/TBATFB/DMF solution,
the cyclic voltammetric studies revealed that the electrochemically generated Cu(I) formed adduct with
carbon dioxide in-situ and on further formed oxalic acid. The formation of oxalic acid was confirmed by GCMS
in bulk electrolysis experiment. A detailed mechanism for the formation of oxalic acid was also discussed in
this communicatio
Role of magnetic forces in pulse electrochemical deposition of Ni nanoAl2O3 composites
No full textPure and composite nickel deposits containing nano-Al2O3 particle (50 nm) were produced under direct
current (DCED) and pulsed current electrodeposition (PCED) conditions in the presence of magnetic field
(MF). The influence of MF on the co-deposition of Al2O3 particles, texture coefficient of Ni and Al2O3, crystallite
size, thickness, current efficiency and hardness of the deposits were investigated systematically.
PCED regime exhibited higher incorporation nano-Al2O3 percentage than those obtained under DCED
condition. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results show several order higher Rct and lower
icorr for PCED Ni Al2O3 in the presence of magnetic field (MF) than that of DCED Ni Al2O3 composite
Nitrogen-doped carbon black as methanol tolerant electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction in direct methanol fuel cells
No full textNitrogen-doped metal free carbon catalysts were prepared via pyrolysis of polyaniline-coated carbon in
different ratios with varying nitrogen content. The surface states and surface composition were investigated
using XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). XPS analysis confirms the presence of pyridinic
and pyrollic nitrogen in the carbon network that is responsible for the oxygen reduction activity. The
shift in onset potential of oxygen reduction on C:N (1:1) is
∼0.3 V more positive compared to Vulcan
carbon, shows improved activity toward oxygen reduction reaction in acidic electrolyte. Hydrodynamic
voltammetric studies confirm that the reduction of oxygen follows the 4e− pathway which leads to the
formation of wate
Determination of inorganic phosphate by electroanalytical methods: A review
No full textDetermination of inorganic phosphate is of very high importance in environmental and health care
applications. Hence knowledge of suitable analytical techniques available for phosphate sensing for
different applications becomes essential. Electrochemical methods for determining inorganic phosphate
have several advantages over other common techniques, including detection selectivity, stability
and relative environmental insensitivity of electroactive labels. The different electrochemical sensing
strategies adopted for the determination of phosphate using selective ionophores are discussed in this
review. The various sensing strategies are classified based on the electrochemical detection techniques
used viz., potentiometry, voltammetry, amperometry, unconventional electrochemical methods etc., The
enzymatic sensing of phosphate coupled with electrochemical detection is also included. Various electroanalytical
methods available in the literature are assessed for their merits in terms of selectivity,
simplicity, miniaturisation, adaptability and suitability for field measurement
Combustion synthesized nanocrystalline Li3V2(PO4)3/C cathode for lithium-ion batteries
No full textNanocrystalline Li3V2(PO4)3/C composite synthesized using a novel corn assisted combustion method at
850 8C exhibits superior physical and electrochemical properties than the one synthesized at 800 8C.
Despite the charge disproportionation of V4+ and a possible solid solution behavior of Li3V2(PO4)3
cathode upon insertion and extraction of Li+ ions, the structural stability of the same is appreciable, even
with the extraction of third lithium at 4.6 V. An appreciable specific capacity of 174 mAh g�1 and better
capacity retention upon high rate applications have been exhibited by Li3V2(PO4)3/C cathode, thus
demonstrating the suitability of the same for lithium-ion battery application
Effects of Alternating Current (AC) and Direct Current (DC) in Electrocoagulation Process for the Removal of iron from Water
No full textIn practice, direct current (DC) is used in an electrocoagulation processes. In this case, an impermeable oxide layer may form on the cathode
as well as corrosion formation on the anode due to oxidation. This prevents the effective current transfer between the anode and cathode, so
the efficiency of electrocoagulation processes declines. These disadvantages of DC have been diminished by adopting alternating current (AC) in
electrocoagulation processes. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of AC and DC on the removal of iron from water using
zinc as anode and cathode. The results showed that the optimum removal efficiency of 99.6% and 99.1% with the energy consumption of 0.625
and 0.991 kWh kL−1 was achieved at a current density of 0.06 A dm−2, at pH of 7.0 using AC and DC, respectively. For both AC and DC, the
adsorption of iron was preferably fitting Langmuir adsorption isotherm, the adsorption process follows second order kinetics and the temperature
studies showed that adsorption was exothermic and spontaneous in natur
Electrochemical characterization of Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of silanes on indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes – Tuning electron transfer behaviour across electrode–electrolyte interface
No full textIn this work, we have systematically investigated the formation and characterization of Self-assembled
Monolayer (SAM) films of several silanes on indium tin oxide (ITO) surfaces. Silane molecules having different
domains namely substrate binding domain (siloxanes), electron transport region (aliphatic and
aromatic spacer) and terminal functional groups (–SH, –CH3 groups) are employed for the study in order
to tune the electron transfer (ET) behaviour across SAM modified electrode–electrolyte interface. Structural
characterization of these monolayer films is carried out using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
(XPS) studies. Wettability (hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature) of such modified electrodes is evaluated
using contact angle measurements. ET behaviour of these modified electrodes is investigated by electrochemical
techniques namely cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)
using K4FeII(CN)6|K3FeIII(CN)6 redox couple as a probe. Disappearance of redox peaks in the CV measurements
and formation of semicircle having a higher charge transfer resistance (Rct) values during EIS studies
suggest that the resultant monolayer films are compact, highly ordered with very low defects and
posses good blocking property with less pinholes. The heterogeneous ET rate constant (k) values are
determined from EIS by fitting them to an appropriate equivalent circuit model. Based on our results,
we comment on tuning the ET behaviour across the interface by a proper choice of spacer region
Fabrication of catalytically active nanocrystalline samarium (Sm)-doped cerium oxide (CeO2) thin films using electron beam evaporation
No full textSamarium(Sm)-doped ceriumoxide (CeO2)
thin films were fabricated using electron beam evaporation
technique. The synthesized films were deposited
either on glass or ITO substrates and studied their nature
by annealing at different temperatures. The optical
properties and other morphological studies were done
by UV–Vis,XRD,XPS, SEM, EDS, and FT-IR analysis.
XRD and XPS analysis clearly confirm the presence of
Sm in the ceria site. From the SEM study, it was found
that after annealing at high temperature (*300 or
500 �C), the particles sizewas reduced due to breakdown
of large aggregates of particles which is also confirmed
from UV–Vis, XPS, andXRDanalyses. The FT-IR study
proves the presence of –COO–, –OH, or ammonium
group on the particles surface. The deposition of Smdoped
CeO2 nanomaterials was found more feasible on
ITO substrate compared to that of glass substrate in terms
of stability and depth of film thickness. The Sm-doped
CeO2 nanomaterial acts as a re-usable catalyst for the
reduction of organic dye molecules in the presence of
NaBH4. The catalysis rate was compared by considering
the electron transfer process during the reduction. The
synthesized Sm-doped CeO2 thin films might find wide
variety of applications in various emerging fields like
solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), oxygen sensor or as
catalyst in different types of organic and inorganic
catalytic reactions. The fabrication process is very
simple, straightforward, less time consuming, and cost
effectiv