JURNAL MESIN TEKNOLOGI
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PLANNING AND MANUFACTURING OF TRANSMISSION OF CORN COB COUNTING EQUIPMENT USING 1 HP ELECTRIC MOTOR WITH A CAPACITY OF 2 KG PER 5 MINUTES
Full text linkCorn cobs are a cultural problem in the NTB region because they are very influential at post-harvest harvesting. Poor handling of post-harvest corn cobs is a very serious problem in the area. Where corn cobs are only used by the community in general, making corn cobs as a mosquito repellent, by burning corn cobs. Corn cobs are corn residues resulting from shelling seeds which contain potential compounds that can be biologically transformed into other compounds, namely lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. For example, making corn cobs chopper as a tool in handling post-harvest results. The purpose of this plan is to produce an efficient corn cob chopping machine so that it is useful for the community in NTB. The results of observations from the previous tool and processing data will be used to make the design size of the corncob chopper according to the real conditions of the previous tool. The results of the calculation of the transmission system of the corn cob chopper showed that the rotation of the electric motor was 1 HP = 1400 rpm, the shaft diameter was 20 mm, the seat belt used type A with a length of 828.4 mm. The materials used in this corncob chopping knife are as follows: knife = stainless steel material, bearing = cast iron, vant belt = rubber, pulley = aluminum, shaft = S35C-D. From the results of testing the corn cob chopper, 2 kg was obtained in 5 minutes
MEASUREMENT OF EFFICIENCY UTILIZATION OF OIL PALM SOLID WASTE TO REDUCE FUEL IMPORT LEVELS IN INDONESIA
Full text linkIndonesia is one of the countries that have a fairly high level of consumption of fuel oil (BBM), based on data from BPH Migas (2018) throughout 2018 which reached 75 million kiloliters or an average of 1.6 million kiloliters per day. The consumption includes 16.2 million kiloliters of certain types of fuel (JBT), special types of fuel for assignment (JBKP), and general types of fuel around 51.3 kiloliters. The data is growing this study aims to measure the efficiency of reducing imports of fuel oil by utilizing solid waste of palm oil and to make proposals for the formulation of planning scenarios to optimize the functions of the Indonesian palm oil downstream industry. This research method combines quantitative and qualitative methods using the concept of efficiency and the Scenario Planning model. The method used in this paper is to calculate the level of efficiency using quantitative data on oil palm based on the amount of plantation area and the solid waste it produces. Then a mapping of the downstream palm oil industry will be carried out by reviewing the results of previous research as well as data and information obtained from accurate sources. The result is that by optimizing the utilization of palm oil solid waste, 7.4 billion liters of bioethanol can be obtained which can be used to produce biofuels to reduce the level of imports of fuel oil in Indonesia
LATTICE STRAIN ANALYSIS OF TITANIUM ROD PROCESSED BY EQUAL-CHANNEL ANGULAR PRESSING (ECAP) WITH Bc ROUTE USING X-RAY DIFFRACTION LINE BROADENING ANALYSIS
Full text linkEqual-channel angular pressing (ECAP) was one of severe plastic deformation method in order to increase the mechanical properties of solid metal without changing its dimension and without adding any alloy elements. The change of mechanical properties on ECAPed metals was caused by the change of lattice strain, so that the lattice strain investigation was recommended for evaluating ECAPed metals. In this study, pure titanium rod was treated by ECAP with Bc route and two passes. Before ECAPed, this titanium rod consisted of two lattice strains i.e. 0.001014 and 0.005241. After ECAPed, a lattice strain of 0.005241 reduces to 0.003205 and 0.003555 after first pass and reduces again to 0.002576 and 0.002647 after two passes. Meanwhile, a lattice strain of 0.001014 was annihilated after ECAP treatment. These results show that ECAP treatment can reduce and eliminate lattice strains on titanium rod. This study also shows that the reduction of lattice strains implicates to the increasing of its hardness value
Analysis of Crystal Structure and Texture on Al-5052 Rod Processed by ECAP and Post-ECAP Annealing at 100-300 oC
Full text linkEqual-channel angular pressing (ECAP) treatment is a method to improve the mechanical properties of bulk metals without adding or extracting their alloy elements. The ECAP process can improve severe plastic deformation that will increase mechanical properties such as hardness and modulus of elasticity. The disadvantage of ECAP product is non-uniform mechanical properties. To solve this problem, the post-ECAP annealing process can be applied to form more uniform mechanical properties. This phenomena should also be caused by the change of crystal structure and texture during this process. However, the study of the change of crystal structure and texture during ECAP and followed by annealing process was seldom done. This study aims to try to determine the characteristics of crystal structure and texture of ECAPed and post-ECAP-annealed materials with annealing temperature variation of 0, 100, 200, and 300 oC. Four Al-5052 alloy rods were used as material samples. The results of this study show that the annealing process can homogenize the crystal structure of ECAPed Al-5052 rod. On the other hand, the texture characteristics of ECAPed Al-5052 rod become more random as an implication of increasing annealing temperature
Study Experimental The Effect of CaCO3 and Fe2O3 Mass Composition Ratio on Calcium Ferrite Phase Formation Base on Local Materials Iron Sand and Limestone
Full text linkIron sand contains Fe3O4 which can be produced Fe2O3 and limestone contains dominant CaCO3. Both of these materials are very abundant in Indonesia. Iron sand is generally used as building construction materials, as well as the use of limestone, there has been no development in the management of the combination of the two materials. Because of the abundance of iron sand and limestone which have not yet been developed to the fullest, a study was carried out to manage and develop the product as a follow up to the previous Calcium Ferrite research. This research focuses on analyzing the phase of Calcium Ferrite formed using XRD and SEM-EDX tests. Tests were carried out on samples with a mass ratio of a mixture of Fe2O3 and CaCO3 of 1: 4, 1: 6, 1: 8, and 1:12. The XRD test results showed that the phases formed were dominated by the Ca2Fe2O5 and Ca2Fe9O13 phases. And from the SEM-EDX test results, the results indicate the formation of nano-scale Calcium Ferrite with the composition of elements Ca, Fe, O, and Si
EFFECT OF CYLINDER SURFACE ROUGHNESS TO THE DISTANCE FORMATION OF VORTEX
Full text linkReduction of cylinder surface resistance can be accomplished by modifying roughness. The surface roughness structure is one of the important parameters which greatly affects the flow of fluid through the cylinder surface. Fluid flow forms a vortex flow pattern with certain characteristics. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the characteristics and effects of fluid flow through the rough surface of the outer wall of the pipe with visualization using Particle Image Velocity (PIV). This research was conducted experimentally at the Faculty of Engineering, UHAMKA. The pipe surface roughness values varied were 0.648 µm and 1.699 µm. The length of the pipe used is 20 cm with a diameter of 2 inches. Measurements are made from the center of the pipe to a distance of 0.16 m. The results show that the surface roughness of the cylinder pipe affects the fluid flow characteristics where the formation of eddies is caused by the addition of the roughness value. The rougher the pipe surface is, the farther the vortex formation will be. The vortex formation closest to the pipe is a pipe with a roughness value of 0.648 µm at a distance of 0.04 m
Experimental Study of The Influence Use of Beeswax Against The Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Concrete
Full text linkThe economy of the whole world developed so quickly, encourage increased consumption of energy gradually. Energy consumption in the building sector has also increased with the demands of society in thermal comfort in the room. With the hot weather, the influence of the temperature in the room will rise. Some things that need to be reviewed in the manufacture of concrete in the place are the price is relatively low, easy to obtain, has high compressive strength, and has resistant to any environmental conditions. However, some problems still need to be resolved in the development of the Phase Change Material (PCM) composite that has a stable form. The proposed PCM has a thermal comfort temperature (16-26 ℃). The main purpose of this research was to investigate the influence of addition beeswax as a water-resistant mixture on the mechanical and thermal properties of concrete. In this research, the cement used was ordinary Portland Cement and replaced some of its Weight with paraffin wax in the mixture. The results of the research with the use of 10, 20 and 30% beeswax in a mixture of a concrete show that the increase in the content of Beeswax resulted in a decrease in the compressive strength of 22% and an increase in heat absorption by the concrete between without PCM with the Concrete-PCM is obtained by 10%
TESTING THE FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF POLYMER COMPOSITES FOAMING HYBRID OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES (OPEFB) AND ZINC OXIDE (ZnO)
Full text linkOil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) is one of the palm oil industry solid wastes that can be used as an alternative material to product composites. This research was conducted to determine the effect of the addition of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) as a filler material hybridized with OPEFB fiber to the flexural strength of polymeric foam composites. The aim of this research is to obtain the strength of the flexural test value of the composite material polymeric foam reinforced OPEFB fiber and Zinc Oxide (ZnO) with reference to the ASTM D790-92 standard. The composition of the specimens are 70% Resin, 15% OPEFB Fiber, 15% Polyurethane with different fiber sizes namely mesh (40, 60, 80, 100) and the addition of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) of (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%). The test specimen used for each composition is 5 samples, so that the entire test sample is 100 samples. From the test data it can be concluded the value of flexural strength in the 100 mesh OPEFB specimens and the addition of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) 10% is the best composition compared to 40, 60 and 80 mesh OPEFB with the addition of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) 5%, 15%, and 20%, where the voltage value is 10,01141 MPa and the strain value is 0,898456 mm / mm. From the research data it can also be concluded that the smaller the OPEFB fiber size with the addition of zinc oxidation (ZnO) 10%, the flexural strength of the polymeric foam composite material will be better
Determination of Frame for Tsunami Capsule Passengers Based on the Results of Stress and Strain using Octahedral Discretization
Full text linkThe prototype research for the safety capsule began with the tsunami that struck Indonesia as an archipelago. Also, the United States, Japan, and China have made successful tsunami capsules in patent RIGHTS with the code US4297757 (America) spherical and in China, there are about 5 shapes that have been made CN102267549B (mushroom forms); CN203698627U (cup shape); CN204750532U (bunker form); CN204916125U (cylindrical capsule form); CN208198781U (ovoid shape). After examining existing patents and prototypes, the researchers made a prototype in the shape of a ball with a diameter of 2 meters. The material uses Stainless steel outer diameter of 25.4mm and an inner diameter of 23.9mm. The simulation uses octahedral discretion by mesh adjusting to the structure. The load uses pressure in the outer surface area, a person load of 4 with a weight of 60kg each, and for fixed constraints on the inside of spherical geometry. The purpose of the simulation is to predict the location of critical areas that experience the greatest stress and strain. The concept is applied based on the number of amplifiers given in the form of a square as a reference, the concept of 1 amplifier is given a vertical direction, the concept of 2 vertical and horizontal directions, the concept of 3 diagonal crosswise, the concept of 4 diagonal crosses and 1 amplifier of the vertical direction, the concept of 5 diagonal crosses and the direction horizontal vertical, the concept of 6 square in the middle with vertical and horizontal amplifiers, the concept of 7 square in the middle with the diagonal crossing amplifier, the concept of 8 triangles in the middle with the bottom diagonal in the middle and one horizontal direction, the concept of 9 triangles in the middle with crossed diagonals and added a directional line horizontally, the concept of 10 hexagons with the edges is given an amplifier up to the frame. The results of the simulation selection, concept 3, and Concept 6 have a strain of 0.00725mm, while Concept 6 has principal stress smaller than Concept 3 which is 3.05x106N / m with an estimated local error of 2.13 x 10-6 Joules. So that Concept 6 is set to be used as an amplifier of prototype tsunami safety capsules
ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF INLET ANGLE VARIATION ON HYDRAM PUMP EFFICIENCY
Full text linkHydram pump is a solution to overcome the problem of water demand, especially for highland areas. Hydram pumps can be used for rice field areas because they do not require an electric energy source. Operating parameters at the hydram pump greatly affect the efficiency of the hydram pump. In practice in the field, altitude is not difficult to obtain, especially for mountainous areas. However, for some highland areas, often to get a certain height must be with a large elevation distance hydram pump to water sources. In this research, a change in the angle of inlet variation will be conducted on the efficiency that occurs. So that with this research, it can be a benchmark for determining the distance of a hydram pump to a water source. The highest water discharge that can be generated from a 1 in size PVC hydram pump, 2.75 m inlet height, 5 m outlet height is 1.5 x 10-5 m3/s. while the lowest water discharge in the test carried out is 0 m3/s at the number of pendants 1 and the pump inlet angle is 45°. The inlet angle greatly affects the resulting flow rate. The inlet angle of 30° results in a higher water flow rate of 1.44x10-5 m3/s at the number of pendulum 2 compared to the 45° inlet angle which only gets 9.44x10-6 m3/s even up to 0 m3/s at the number of pendulum 1.Hydram pump is a solution to overcome the problem of water demand, especially for highland areas. Hydram pumps can be used for rice field areas because they do not require an electric energy source. Operating parameters at the hydram pump greatly affect the efficiency of the hydram pump. In practice in the field, altitude is not difficult to obtain, especially for mountainous areas. However, for some highland areas, often to get a certain height must be with a large elevation distance hydram pump to water sources. In this research, a change in the angle of inlet variation will be conducted on the efficiency that occurs. So that this research can be a benchmark for determining the distance of a hydram pump to a water source. The highest water discharge that can be generated from a 1 in size PVC hydram pump, 2.75 m inlet height, 5 m outlet height is 1.5 x 10-5 m3/s. while the lowest water discharge in the test carried out is 0 m3/s at the number of pendants 1 and the pump inlet angle is 45°. The inlet angle greatly affects the resulting flow rate. The inlet angle of 30° results in a higher water flow rate of 1.44x10-5 m3/s at the number of pendulum 2 compared to the 45° inlet angle which only gets 9.44x10-6 m3/s even up to 0 m3/s at the number of pendulum 1