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A multiobjective Fuzzy Inference System based deployment strategy for a distributed mobile sensor network
No full textSensor deployment scheme highly governs the effectiveness of distributed wireless sensor network. Issues such as energy conservation and clustering make the deployment problem much more complex. A multiobjective Fuzzy Inference System based strategy for mobile sensor deployment is presented in this paper. This strategy gives a synergistic combination of energy capacity, clustering and peer-to-peer deployment. Performance of our strategy is evaluated in terms of coverage, uniformity, speed and clustering. Our algorithm is compared against a modified distributed self-spreading algorithm to exhibit better performanc
Cumulative power spectrum of EEG-a predictor of awake and sleep state
No full textAnaesthesia administration during surgery is a demanding task. It requires complete knowledge
about the exact sleep state of the patient. However, accurate judgement of the patient’s exact state has been a
problem faced by anaesthesiologists for years. Till date several electroencephalogram (EEG) parameters have
been computed which form the index to indicate the unconsciousness of a patient. Efforts are still continuing to find out parameters with better accuracy in prediction, high repeatability & reproducibility of results and drug
independence. A recently discovered parameter from EEG Signal, the cumulative power spectrum (CPS) promises
a significant improvement over the existing parameters with higher correlation with awake and sleep state of the
patient. This paper focuses on the comparison of the CPS of the awake and sleep states and analyses it with respect to the frequency components in the signal.After analysis, results show that when the patient is in the awake state, the lower frequency components have high power whereas in the sleep state the lower frequency components have comparatively low power. Thus from the cumulative power spectrum plots, one is able to judge the degree of unconsciousness of the patient accurately.
The judgement is confirmed by comparing it with a characteristic EEG index which has unique values for the
awake and sleep state
Transportation of Drug-(Polystyrene Bead) Conjugate by Actomyosin Motor System
No full textThe Nanorobotics and cargo transportation application of molecular motors is of recent intent. The present study explores the transportation of Mesalamine/5-aminosalicylic acid/5-ASA drug by molecular motors. Mesalamine is an anti-inflammatory drug used to treat Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Conjugate of mesalamine and polystyrene (Dia.: 3 μm) beads was prepared by amide linkage between amine (-NH2 group of drug and carboxyl (-COOH) group of the bead. In Fourier Transform Infrared spectra, peaks were observed at 3428.1 and 1654.0 cm-1 for N-H and C=O stretching bond respectively confirming the amide bond formation between drug and microbeads. Quantification of 5-ASA attached to polystyrene bead was done by UV-vis spectroscopy and it was ascertained that 93% of 5-ASA was loaded on polystyrene beads. Conjugate of drug-polystyrene beads were then covalently attached to actin filaments. Velocity of actin filaments attached to drug loaded beads in in-vitro motility assay reduced to 0.89 m/s as compared to free actin velocity (4.64 m/s). This further ascertains the microcomposites formation. The present study provides an insight into the actin-myosin based molecular motor systems for an efficient tool for drug transportation
Evaluation of seismic events detection algorithms
No full textIdentification of seismic events from continuously recorded seismic data in real-time through a Digital Seismic
Data Recording system is a difficult task. Despite the vast amount of research in this field, the signal processing and
event parameters discrimination algorithms have not yet fully come of age. Presently, we have a wide spectrum of trigger
algorithms, ranging from a very simple amplitude threshold type to the sophisticated ones based on pattern recognition
approaches. Some of the other approaches use adaptive technique and neural network methods. Researchers are
continuously making efforts for the development of algorithms using various techniques, which produce minimum false trigger. Some approaches have been reported which are accurate for detecting first phase of events and take minimum possible computational time. In this paper several approaches for detecting event signals in background noise are presented and their precision evaluation is discusse
Damaged carbon nanotubes get healed by ion irradiation
No full textCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) are being used for varied applications. It is therefore important to study their stability under extreme conditions of temperature and irradiation. In this work, we report the stability of CNTs [both single-wall CNTs (SWCNTs) and multiwalled CNTs (MWCNTs)] under irradiation of a carbon ion beam of energy 55 MeV. The irradiated samples were analyzed using Raman spectroscopy. The Raman results indicate the interesting phenomenon of healing or annealing of CNTs under ion beam irradiation. The annealing process appears to begin at the lowest value of fluences and persists for quite a good range of fluence values. As the irradiation dose increases ( ≈ 1×1014 ions/cm2) the MWCNTs begin to amorphize whereas the SWCNTs system continues to heal
Transportation Of Drug-Gold Nanocomposites By Actinomyosin
No full textNanotechnology is playing an important role in drug delivery to overcome limitations of conventional drug delivery systems in terms of solubility, in vivo stability, pharmacokinetics, and bio-distribution. The controlled transportation of drug into the cell and within the cell is a major challenge to be addressed. Cellular molecular motors have been exploited for their cargo carrying capacity for various applications including engineering and health care. Combination of nanotechnology and biomolecular motors can address some of the challenges in drug delivery. In the present study, transportation of drug nanocomposites has been demonstrated. Nanocomposites of 6-mercaptopurine and levodopa drugs (cancer and Parkinson’s disease, respectively) were prepared with gold nanoparticles (GNPs) by covalent attachment and these nanocomposites were attached to actin filaments. These nanocomposites were in-turn transported by actin filaments on myosin tracks. Characterization of drug nanocomposites formation was done by UV–Vis spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and confocal microscopy. GNP composites of 6-mercaptopurine and levodopa were formed by sulfide and amide bond formation, respectively. Average velocity of actin filament attached to nanocomposites was found to be 3.17 and 3.89 μm/s for levodopa and 6-mercaptopurine, respectively, as compared to actin filaments with velocity of 4.0–6.0 μm/s. Three concepts have been proposed for the study of drug transportation into the cell based on polycationic complex formation, interaction of actin with cellular myosin and Biomolecular Adaptor for Retrograde Transport (BART) technology. The aspects of this study heads toward the development of an approach to utilize molecular motors for nanoscale transportation endogenously
A systematic study of DRIE process for high aspect ratio microstructuring
No full textVarious MEMS devices like Accelerometers, Resonators, RF- Filters, Micropumps, Microvalves, Microdispensers and Microthrusters are produced by removing the bulk of the substrate materials. Fabrications of such Microsystems requires the ability to engineer precise three-dimensional structures in the silicon substrate. Fabrication of MEMS faces multiple technological challenges before it can become a commercially viable technology. One key fabrication process required is the deep silicon etching for forming high aspect ratio structures. There is an increasing interest in the use of dry plasma etching for this application because of its anisotropic etching behavior, high etch speed, good uniformity and profile control, high aspect ratio capabilities without having any undesired secondary effects i.e. RIE lags, Loading, microloading, loosing of anisotropic nature of etching as aspect ratio increases, micro-grass and even etch stalling. Developing a DRIE micro-machining process requires a thorough understanding of all plasma parameters, which can affect a silicon etching process and their use to suppress the secondary effects. In this paper our intention is to investigate the influence of etching gas flow, etching gas pressure, passivation gas pressure, ICP coil power, Platen power and etch and passivation time sequence on etch rate and side wall profile. Parameter ramping is a powerful technique used to achieve the requirements of high aspect ratio microstructures (HARMS) for MEMS applications by having high etch rate with good profile/CD control. The results presented here can be used to rationally vary processing parameters in order to meet the microstructural requirements for a particular application
Extraordinary optical transmission by interference of diffracted wavelets
Get PDFThe phenomenon of extraordinary optical transmission is drawing much attention of researchers because of its potential applications in diverse emerging areas. In the present work, experimental observations on diffraction-Lloyd-mirror interferometer are reported, where two diffracted wavefronts are superimposed using Lloyd’s mirror. These observations provide direct experimental evidence in support of the idea that one of the main reasons of enhanced transmission through subwavelength apertures is the coherent superposition of diffracted wavelets originating from diffractive scattering at the aperture
Enhanced luminance of MEH-PPV based PLEDs using single walled carbon nanotube composite as an electron transporting layer
No full textAn efficient electron transporting layer (ETL) based on single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) composites has been developed for poly [2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV) based orange polymer light emitting diodes (PLEDs) and its effect on the performance of PLEDs has been examined. It is observed that with increase in SWCNT concentration, in ETL, the luminance and luminous efficiency of the PLEDs increase (about 5 times increase in luminance is observed at 5% w/w SWCNT concentration). The SWCNTs present in the MEH-PPV ETL boost the mobility of electrons injected from the cathode towards the emissive layer by establishing highly conducting percolation paths. This balances the concentration of holes and electrons in the emissive layer, which leads to enhanced emission from the PLEDs
Low-intensity magnetic fields assisted alignment of actin filaments
No full textThis article represents the effects on actin filaments attached to magnetic nanoparticles when exposed to low-intensity magnetic field. In this approach, streptavidin functionalized magnetic nanoparticles
were used to demonstrate the alignment of actin filament under external magnetic field of 22 mT. To check the directionality of myosin on magnetically aligned actin filaments in vitro motility assay was performed with myosin and average velocity was found to be 3.50 μm/s. It was observed that myosin moves in the direction in which actin filaments were magnetically aligned. This approach will explore the capability of integrating molecular motor into microelectronics mechanical system (MEMS) and
nanoelectro-mechanical system (NEMS)